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((short description|Vehicle crash where the side of one or more vehicles is impacted))
((more citations needed|date=October 2021))
[[Image:Ford Focus versus Ford Explorer crash test IIHS.jpg|thumb|250px|A crash test by the [[Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] shows the damage to a compact [[Ford Focus (North America)|Ford Focus]] struck by a [[Ford Explorer]] SUV]]
[[File:V05962P112.jpg|thumb|Side impact NCAP test of a 2007 [[Saturn Outlook]].]]
[[File:V06445P040.jpg|thumb|This NHTSA collision test shows what happens when a [[Volkswagen New Beetle]] slides sideways into a utility pole or a tree.]]
[[Image:Japanese car accident.jpg|thumb|250px|Two cars are involved in a side collision at an intersection in [[Tokyo]], Japan]] 
A '''side collision''' is a [[Traffic collision|vehicle crash]] where the side of one or more vehicles is impacted. These crashes typically occur at [[Intersection (road)|intersections]], in [[parking lot]]s, and when two vehicles pass on a multi-lane roadway.

==Occurrences and effects==
A 2016 study found that, in the EU, side impact collisions were significantly less common than frontal impact collisions, at rates of 22-29% and 61-69% respectively.<ref name="ReferenceA">((Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/injuries_study_2016.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-06-15 |archive-date=2018-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516174924/https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/injuries_study_2016.pdf |url-status=dead ))</ref> However, they tend to be much more dangerous.
Another report commissioned by the EU in 2015 found that side impacts accounted for roughly 35-40% of passenger fatality and serious injury, as opposed to 55% attributed to head-on collisions.
<ref name="ec.europa.eu">((Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/ersosynthesis2015-seriousinjuries25_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-06-15 |archive-date=2020-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602055523/https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/ersosynthesis2015-seriousinjuries25_en.pdf |url-status=dead ))</ref> 
A likely contributor to this fact is the amount of protection offered by the struck vehicle. Even when equipped with the safest cars on the road, these casualties occurred at much lower speeds than in head-on collisions, with passenger fatality and serious injury typically occurring at 50&nbsp;km/h (~31 mph) in side impact collisions, as opposed to 70&nbsp;km/h (~43 mph) for frontal impacts.<ref name="ec.europa.eu"/> Additionally, side impacts tend to affect more vulnerable areas of the body. While front and rear impacts typically produced the most serious injuries in the lower extremities (legs and feet), side impacts typically resulted in most serious injuries in the head and chest regions.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

In 2008, a total of 5,265 (22%) out of 23,888 people were killed in vehicles which were struck in the side in the United States.<ref>((Cite thesis|url=https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/76999|title=Assessment of Crash Energy - Based Side Impact Reconstruction Accuracy|first=Nicholas S.|last=Johnson|date=May 3, 2011|publisher=Virginia Tech |type=Thesis |via=vtechworks.lib.vt.edu))</ref>

For European motorcyclists, side impact is the second most frequent location of impact.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

For European cyclists, thorax injuries are associated with side-impact injuries in urban areas and/or at junctions.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

In several European countries, such as the UK, Sweden, and France, around one quarter of traffic injuries are produced by side collisions, but accounted for 29 to 38% of injuries which were fatal.<ref name="ReferenceB">((Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/ersosynthesis2018-vehiclesafety.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-06-15 |archive-date=2019-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624185604/https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/ersosynthesis2018-vehiclesafety.pdf |url-status=dead ))</ref>

In European vehicle side impact, 60% of casualties were "struck side", while 40% were "non struck side", in 2018.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

Fatal casualties count as 50% and 67% in UK and in France, in 2010<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

Also, side collision are not well managed with [[Child safety seat|child restraints]] which are not enough taking into account the movement of the child's head and prevent contact with the car's interior.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

For light vans and minibuses in 2000 in UK and Germany, between 14% and 26% of accidents with passenger cars were side impacts.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

In Shanghai, in China, 23% of the 1097 serious accidents occurred between June 2005 and March 2013 are side impact accidents, there the leading collision mode, according to the [[Shanghai United Road Traffic Safety Scientific Research Center]] (SHUFO) database.<ref name="www-esv.nhtsa.dot.gov">https://www-esv.nhtsa.dot.gov/Proceedings/24/files/24ESV-000016.PDF ((Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022))</ref> The head and neck are involved in around 64% of the casualties.<ref name="www-esv.nhtsa.dot.gov"/>

==Broadside or T-bone collision==
((anchor|broadside))
'''Broadside collisions''' are where the side of one vehicle is impacted by the front or rear of another vehicle, forming a "T".  In the United States and Canada this collision type is also known as a '''right-angle collision''' or '''T-bone collision'''; it is also sometimes referred to by the abbreviation "AABS" for "auto accident, broadside".<ref name=loganabbrev />  Vehicle damage and occupant injury are more likely to be severe, but severity varies based on the part of the vehicle that is struck, safety features present, the speeds of both vehicles, and vehicle weight and construction.

When a vehicle is hit on the side by another vehicle, the [[crumple zone]]s of the striking vehicle will absorb some of the [[kinetic energy]] of the collision. The crumple zones of the struck vehicle may also absorb some of the collision's energy, particularly if the vehicle is not struck on its passenger compartment. Both vehicles are frequently turned from their original directions of travel. If the collision is severe, the struck vehicle may be spun or [[Vehicle rollover|rolled over]], potentially causing it to strike other vehicles, objects, or [[pedestrian]]s. After the collision, the involved vehicles may be stuck together by the folding of their parts around each other.

An occupant on the struck side of a vehicle may sustain far more severe [[Injury|injuries]] than an otherwise similar front or rear collision crash.

Side-impact [[airbag]]s can protect vehicle occupants during side collisions, but they face the same limitations as other airbags. Additionally, side impact wrecks are more likely to involve multiple individual collisions or sudden speed changes before motion ceases. Since the airbag can only provide protection during the first collision, it may leave occupants unprotected during subsequent collisions in the crash. However, the first collision in a crash typically has the most severe forces, so an effective airbag provides maximum benefit during the most severe portion of a crash.

Broadside collisions are frequently caused by a failure to yield right of way. In the case of collisions in an intersection, the cause is often a result of one vehicle failing to obey [[traffic signal]]s (fail to stop or [[Red light running|running past a red light]]). As with any crash, increased speed may increase crash severity.

==Testing==
[[Euro NCAP]], [[IIHS]] and [[NHTSA]] test side impacts in different ways. ((asof|2015)), they all test vehicle-to-vehicle side impacts,<ref name=crView>((cite web|url=http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2011/08/crash-test-101/index.htm |title=NHTSA Crash Test |date=April 2014 |work=[[Consumer Reports]] |access-date=5 October 2015))</ref><ref name=enSide>((cite web|url=http://www.euroncap.com/en/vehicle-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/side-mobile-barrier/ |title=Euro NCAP - Side Mobile Barrier |work=[[Euro NCAP]]|access-date=5 October 2015))</ref>  where heavier vehicles have lower fatality rates than lighter vehicles.<ref name=ray>((Cite journal | doi=10.1016/S0001-4575(98)00041-4| title=Impact conditions in side-impact collisions with fixed roadside objects| year=1999| last1=Ray| first1=M.H.| journal=Accident Analysis & Prevention| volume=31| issue=1–2| pages=21–30| pmid=10084615))</ref>

NHTSA and Euro NCAP also test the more severe vehicle-into-pole side impacts,<ref name=enPole>((cite web|url=http://www.euroncap.com/en/vehicle-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/side-pole/ |title=Euro NCAP - Side Pole |work=[[Euro NCAP]]|access-date=5 October 2015))</ref> where smaller vehicles have the same fatality rate as larger vehicles.<ref name=ray/>

Newer cars have improved safety in case of front crashes, but side impacts can also be deadly; about 9,700 people were killed in side impacts in the US in 2004.<ref name=iihs2006>((cite web |url=http://www.iihs.org/iihs/news/desktopnews/new-side-impact-crash-test-results-impala-avalon-are-top-large-car-performers |title=Impala, Avalon are top large cars in side crash test |work=iihs.org |access-date=7 October 2015 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905103327/http://www.iihs.org/iihs/news/desktopnews/new-side-impact-crash-test-results-impala-avalon-are-top-large-car-performers |url-status=dead ))</ref>
<!--make list of side impacts deaths in world-->
Side airbags became mandatory in 2009 in the US, saving an estimated 1,000 lives per year.
<ref name=forb2007>((cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/2007/07/26/cars-dangerous-twenty-forbeslife-cx_bh_0726cars.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925071115/http://www.forbes.com/2007/07/26/cars-dangerous-twenty-forbeslife-cx_bh_0726cars.html |title=Top 20 Most Dangerous Vehicles |author=Bengt Halvorson|date=26 July 2007 |archive-date=25 September 2015|work=Forbes))</ref>
Research indicates that the vehicle's underbody is the best place to [[Anti-intrusion bar|reinforce structures to reduce intrusion]] by the pole.
<ref>Billot et al. "[http://www-esv.nhtsa.dot.gov/Proceedings/23/files/23ESV-000440.PDF Pole Impact Test: Study of the two current Candidates in Terms of Cost and Benefits for France]" page 3-4. [[PSA Peugeot Citroën]]</ref>

==General list of side impacts==
[[File:Side collision.jpg|thumb|A side collision in [[Toronto]]]]
These are lists of cars with notable aspects of side impact.

===List of cars after 2011===
The NHTSA results are evaluated by the [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]] using Office of Crashworthiness Standards, New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) Side Impact Laboratory Test Procedure<ref name=simdb>[http://www.safercar.gov/staticfiles/safercar/NCAP/T_NHTSA-Laboratory_Test_Procedure_NCAP.pdf Side Impact Laboratory Test Procedure, Moving Deformable Barrier] ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA Office of Crashworthiness Standards]]'', September 2012. 285 pages in 9MB</ref> and Side Impact Rigid Pole Laboratory Test Procedure<ref name=sirp>[http://www.safercar.gov/staticfiles/safercar/NCAP/Side-Pole_TP_NCAP.pdf Side Impact Laboratory Test Procedure, Rigid Pole] ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA Office of Crashworthiness Standards]]'', September 2012. 224 pages in 8MB</ref> to display a simple [[Star (classification)#Transport safety|star-rating]]. The "primary purpose of the NCAP side impact program is to provide comparative vehicle side protection information to assist consumers in making vehicle purchase decisions, thereby providing an incentive for vehicle manufacturers to design [[Automobile safety|safer vehicles]]."<ref name=sirp/>

The IIHS results are evaluated by [[Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] using their protocols.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.iihs.org/ratings/about-our-tests|title=About our tests|website=IIHS-HLDI crash testing and highway safety))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/technical-information/technical-protocols |title=Technical protocols|work=iihs.org))</ref>

This list shows the most notable of newer tested vehicles tested via NHTSA and IIHS. Some provide good protection, some less so, and some developed improved safety in response to a low result (Dodge Ram and Fiat 500). Some are common examples of their type.<!--Production numbers show how common a model is-->

Sorted roughly by rating, [[Head injury criterion]] (HIC) and Crush.
<!-- Short table of most notable cars, by low/high risk and commonness -->
<!-- "Produced"=production numbers show how common a model is -->
<!-- As the list grows, consider spawning it to create lists for each type, such as Trucks, Sports cars, etc. and copy a representative entry to the main list -->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Side impact safety of newer cars (from 2011–present), by [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]] and [[IIHS]]. Click <> to sort by parameter.
! rowspan=2 | [[Model year|Year]]<br />((#tag:ref|[[Model Year]] of car crash-tested, not year of Overall Rating. Older crash tests usually carry over to newer car models; easily checked by comparing ratings and document numbers for different years.|group=N))
! rowspan=2 | [[Automotive industry|Manufacturer]] 
! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" | Model  
! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" | [[Car classification|Type]]
! rowspan=2 | Number<br />[[List of automobile sales by model|produced]]<br />((#tag:ref|Number of cars produced of this model.|group=N)) 
! colspan=3 | Impactor (MDB)<br />into Vehicle((#tag:ref|Also known as Moving Deformable Barrier.|group=N))
! colspan=4 | Vehicle<br />into pole  
! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" | Comment<br /> <!-- Dummy injuries & car damages (doors) -->
! rowspan=2 | <small>[[IIHS]]<br />side<br />rating</small> <!-- "green" is too dark; use "lightgreen" -->
! rowspan=2 | <small>[[Euro NCAP]]<br />side<br />rating</small>
|-
! <small>Maximum<br />Crush((#tag:ref|Free space left after impact.|group=N))</small> || [[Head injury criterion|HIC]]<br />((#tag:ref|[[Head injury criterion|Head Injury Criteria]] (HIC36) has a threshold of 1000; lower is better. MDB HIC shows front+rear seat of impact side.|group=N)) || Rating<br />((#tag:ref|Side Barrier Rating, combines front and rear seats.|group=N)) || <small>Maximum<br />Crush</small> || [[Head injury criterion|HIC]] || <small>RLSA((#tag:ref|RLSA=Resultant Lower Spine Acceleration, measured in [[G-force#Human tolerance of g-force|g-force]]. Detract rating over 50g. Threshold is 82g.|group=N))</small> || Rating 
<!--copy template |-
| Year || Manufacturer || Model || Type || Produced || align=right |  mm || align=right | || ((rating|5|5)) || align=right |  mm || align=right | || align=right |  g || ((rating|5|5)) || Comment  - Dummy injuries & car damages -->
|-
| 2014 ||  || [[Jeep Wrangler#JK .282007.E2.80.93present.29|Jeep Wrangler]] || [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] || 1 million<ref name="Chrysler Group LLC">((cite press release|url= http://media.chrysler.com/newsrelease.do?&id=14265 |title=One in a Million: Toledo Assembly Complex Marks Production of One-Millionth Jeep Wrangler JK |publisher=Chrysler Group LLC |access-date=16 February 2014))</ref> || align=right |  mm || align=right | || ((NA))<ref name="2016 Jeep Wrangler 2DR 4WD">"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=10166 2016 Jeep Wrangler 2DR 4WD]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || align=right |  mm || align=right | || align=right |  g || ((NA)) ||  || style="background: red"| Poor<ref name=jeep/><ref name=fool2014/> || ((NA))
|-
| 2012 || [[Chrysler]] || [[Chrysler 200|200]]<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=8177 2014 Chrysler 200 4 DR FWD]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || [[Mid-size car|Mid]] ||  || align=right | 202&nbsp;mm || align=right | <ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=7484&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #7484 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2012 Chrysler 200 LX Four Door Sedan] ''[[Calspan]]'', 17 November 2011. 279 pages in 50MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) || align=right | 392&nbsp;mm || align=right | 1987 || align=right | 51 g<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=7477&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #7477 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2012 Chrysler 200 LX Four Door Sedan] ''[[Calspan]]'', 17 November 2011. 158 pages in 20MB</ref> || ((rating|1|5)) || Head injury criterion above threshold. || style="background: lightgreen"| Good<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/vehicle/v/chrysler/200-4-door-sedan/2012 |title=Chrysler 200 |work=iihs.org))</ref> || ((NA))
|-
| 2015 || [[Toyota]] || [[Toyota Hilux#Seventh generation (AN10, AN20, AN30; 2005)|Hilux/Tacoma]]<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=9789 2015 Toyota Tacoma PU/EC 4WD]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || [[Pickup truck|Truck]] || 5+ million<ref>[http://www.topspeed.com/cars/toyota/2010-toyota-land-cruiser-ar79121.html 2010 Toyota Land Cruiser - Top Speed], Top Speed</ref> || align=right | 305&nbsp;mm || align=right | 125+292<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=8992&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #8992 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2015 Toyota Tacoma PU-EC] ''KARCO Engineering'', 11 November 2014. 162 pages in 8MB</ref> || ((rating|4|5)) || align=right | 516&nbsp;mm || align=right | 451 || align=right | 57 g<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=8994&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #8994 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2015 Toyota Tacoma PU-EC] ''KARCO Engineering'', 12 November 2014. 106 pages in 6MB</ref> || ((rating|3|5)) ||   
|-
| 2013 || [[Fiat Automobiles|Fiat]] || [[Fiat 500 (2007)|500]]<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=10135 2016 Fiat 500 3 HB FWD]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || [[Supermini]] || 1+ million<ref>((cite web | url=http://left-lane.com/european-car-sales-data/fiat/fiat-500/ | title=Fiat 500 European sales | work=Left-Lane.com | access-date=2014-05-23 | archive-date=2014-06-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603113210/http://left-lane.com/european-car-sales-data/Fiat/Fiat-500/ | url-status=dead ))</ref> || align=right | 164&nbsp;mm || align=right | 166+382<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=8044&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #8044 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2013 Fiat 500 3-Door Hatchback] ''[[Medical College of Wisconsin]]'', 15 November 2012. 165 pages in 13MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) || align=right | 354&nbsp;mm || align=right | 224 || align=right | 54 g<ref name=fiat500pole>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=7511&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #7511 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2012 Fiat 500 Pop 3-Dr Hatchback] ''KARCO Engineering'', 24 November 2011. 101 pages in 11MB</ref> || ((rating|3|5)) ||  MDB: Pelvic force and pax RLSA within threshold.  || style="background: lightgreen"| Good<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/vehicle/v/fiat/500-2-door-hatchback?print-view |title=2015 Fiat 500, Minicar |work=iihs.org))</ref> || ((NA))
|-
| 2012 || [[Fiat Automobiles|Fiat]] || 500<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=6325 2012 Fiat 500 3 HB FWD Early Release]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || [[Supermini]] || || align=right | 160&nbsp;mm || align=right | 127+410<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=7507&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #7507 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2012 FIAT 500 POP 3-DOOR HATCHBACK] ''KARCO Engineering'', 23 November 2011. 154 pages in 8MB</ref> || ((rating|3|5)) || align=right | 354&nbsp;mm || align=right | 224 || align=right | 54 g<ref name=fiat500pole/>  || ((rating|3|5)) || MDB: Pax pelvic force over threshold, and RLSA near. 
|-
| 2013 || [[Ram Trucks|Dodge]] || [[Dodge Ram|Ram 1500]]<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=10148 2016 Ram 1500 Quad PU/EC 4WD]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || [[Pickup truck|Truck]] ||  || align=right | 365&nbsp;mm || align=right | 16+30<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=8074&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #8074 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2013 Ram 1500 4-Door Quad Cab Pickup] ''[[Medical College of Wisconsin]]'', 20 December 2012. 156 pages in 14MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) || align=right | 603&nbsp;mm || align=right | 483 || align=right | 48 g<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=8076&index=1&database=V&type=R  NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #8076 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2013 Ram 1500 4-Door Quad Cab Pickup] ''[[Medical College of Wisconsin]]'', 26 December 2012. 106 pages in 8MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) ||  All parameters within limits. <!--compare with F-150 --> || ((NA))<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.iihs.org/ratings/vehicle/dodge/ram-1500-crew-cab-pickup/2012|title=2012 Dodge Ram 1500 Crew cab pickup|website=IIHS-HLDI crash testing and highway safety))</ref> || ((NA))
|-
| 2011 || [[Ram Trucks|Dodge]] || [[Dodge Ram|Ram 1500]]<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=6592 2012 Ram 1500 Regular PU/RC 4WD]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || [[Pickup truck|Truck]] ||  || align=right |  mm || align=right | || ((rating|5|5)) || align=right | 462&nbsp;mm || align=right | 519|| align=right | 87 g<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=7065&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #7065 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2011 Ram 1500 ST Quad Cab 4X2] ''Transportation Research Center, Ohio'', 20 September 2010. 118 pages in 11MB</ref> || ((rating|1|5)) || Pole Test: Pelvic force and RLSA over threshold. 
|-
| 2014 || [[Mercedes-Benz]] || [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class|E-Class]]<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=10208 2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class 4 DR RWD]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || Sedan ||  || align=right | 129&nbsp;mm || align=right | 92+244<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=8445&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #8445 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2014 Mercedes-Benz E-350 4-Door Sedan] ''Transportation Research Center, Ohio'', 19 December 2013. 210 pages in 23MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) || align=right | 343&nbsp;mm || align=right | 492 || align=right | 53 g<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=8443&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #8443 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2014 Mercedes-Benz E-350 4-Door Sedan] ''Transportation Research Center, Ohio'', 19 December 2013. 121 pages in 17MB</ref> || ((rating|3|5)) ||  Pole Test: Pelvic force 4770 N of a threshold of 5525 N
|-
| 2012 || [[Chrysler]] || [[Chrysler Town & Country|Town & Country]]<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=10140 2016 Chrysler Town And Country VAN FWD]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || [[Minivan]] ||  || align=right | 298&nbsp;mm || align=right | 51+135<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=7461&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #7461 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2012 Chrysler Town & Country Minivan] ''[[American Motors#Facilities|MGA Research]]'', 21 October 2011. 206 pages in 11MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) || align=right | 389&nbsp;mm || align=right | 294 || align=right | 47 g<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=7455&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #7455 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2012 Chrysler Town & Country Minivan] ''[[American Motors#Facilities|MGA Research]]'', 21 October 2011. 130 pages in 8MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) || Pole Test: Pelvic force 3503 N of a threshold of 5525 N || style="background: lightgreen"| Good<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/vehicle/v/chrysler/town--n--country-minivan?print-view |title=2015 Chrysler Town & Country, Minivan |work=iihs.org))</ref>  || ((NA))
|-
| 2014 || [[Audi]] || [[Audi Q5|Q5]]<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=10089 2016 Audi Q5 SUV AWD ]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || [[Crossover (automobile)|CUV]] ||  || align=right | 188&nbsp;mm || align=right | 59+166<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=8536&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #8536 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2014 Audi Q5 Hybrid Quattro 5DR MPV] ''KARCO Engineering'', 18 February 2014. 159 pages in 8MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) || align=right | 467&nbsp;mm || align=right | 253 || align=right | 54 g<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=8532&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #8532 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2014 Audi Q5 2.0T Quattro 5DR MPV] ''KARCO Engineering'', 17 February 2014. 104 pages in 6MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) ||  
|-
| 2011 || [[Volvo]] || [[Volvo XC60|XC60]]<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/2011-Newer+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=10069 2016 Volvo XC60 SUV AWD]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || [[Crossover (automobile)|CUV]] || ½ million<ref>((cite web |url=http://en.responsejp.com/article/2014/05/10/222882.html |title=Volvo XC60, global cumulative sales of 500000 units. Released five years in achieving &#124; Responsejp (Automotive business and overseas market ) |website=en.responsejp.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191649/http://en.responsejp.com/article/2014/05/10/222882.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead))</ref> || align=right | 170&nbsp;mm || align=right | 60+231<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=7118&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #7118 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2011 VOLVO XC60] ''KARCO Engineering'', 20 October 2010. 134 pages in 8MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) || align=right | 462&nbsp;mm || align=right | 242 || align=right | 45 g<ref>[http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/MEDIA/GetMedia.aspx?tstno=7114&index=1&database=V&type=R NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #7114 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2011 VOLVO XC60] ''KARCO Engineering'', 18 October 2010. 87 pages in 5MB</ref> || ((rating|5|5)) ||   
|-
| Year || Manufacturer || Model || Type || Produced || align=right |  mm || align=right | || ((rating|5|5)) || align=right |  mm || align=right | || align=right |  g || ((rating|5|5)) || Comment || style="background: lightgreen"| Good || ((rating|5|5))
|}
<!--repeat WikiLinks as per [[WP:OVERLINK#What_generally_should_not_be_linked|exceptions]] for tables and images, to easily port content to other articles-->
((Reflist|group=N))

Limits are:<ref name=simdb/><ref name=sirp/> <br />
Moving Deformable Barrier (MDB): [[Head injury criterion|HIC]] max. 1000, Chest injury max. 44mm, abdominal injury max. 2500 [[Newton (unit)|Newton]], pelvis injury max. 6000 N. There are additional limits for passenger similar to pole test.<br />
Rigid Pole: HIC max. 1000, Lower Spine acceleration max. 82g, Pelvis sum max. 5525 N

===List of cars before 2011===
Sorted roughly by rating.
<!-- Short table of most notable cars, by low/high risk and commonness -->
<!-- "Produced"=production numbers show how common a model is -->
<!-- As the list grows, consider spawning it to create lists for each type, such as Trucks, Sports cars, etc. and copy a representative entry to the main list -->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Side impact safety of older cars (before 2011) by [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]], [[IIHS]] and [[Euro NCAP]]. <br /><small>Click <> to sort by parameter.</small>
! [[Model year|Year]]<br />((#tag:ref|[[Model Year]] of car crash-tested, not year of Overall Rating. Older crash tests usually carry over to newer car models; easily checked by comparing ratings and document numbers for different years.|group=M))
! [[Automotive industry|Manufacturer]] 
! class="unsortable" | Model  
! class="unsortable" | [[Car classification|Type]]
! <small>Number<br />[[List of automobile sales by model|produced]]</small><br />((#tag:ref|Number of cars produced of this model.|group=M)) 
! <small>[[NHTSA]]<br />rating</small>
! <small>[[IIHS]]<br />side<br />rating</small> <!-- "green" is too dark; use "lightgreen" -->
! <small>[[Euro NCAP]]<br />side<br />rating</small>
! class="unsortable" | Comment<br /> <!-- Dummy injuries & car damages (doors) ((NA)) -->
|-
| 2003-2006 || [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] || [[Ford Crown Victoria#2003: Major mechanical revisions|Crown Victoria]] || [[Full-size Ford|Full-size]] ||  || ((rating|4.5|5))<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/1990-2010+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=4838 2003 Ford Crown Victoria 4-DR]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || style="background: red"| Poor<ref name=iihs2006report>[http://www.iihs.org/media/cf6fa1c2-8b35-4d7e-9a4b-5cc23bb967d4/-651149605/NewsAttachments/061806_attachment.pdf Large family car side crash test ratings] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055811/http://www.iihs.org/media/cf6fa1c2-8b35-4d7e-9a4b-5cc23bb967d4/-651149605/NewsAttachments/061806_attachment.pdf |date=2016-03-04 )) IIHS, 18 June 2006</ref><ref name=iihs2006/> || ((NA)) || Structure rated "Poor"
|-
| 2008-2015 ||  || [[Jeep Wrangler#JK .282007.E2.80.93present.29|Jeep Wrangler]] || [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] || 1 million<ref name="Chrysler Group LLC"/> || ((NA))<ref name="2016 Jeep Wrangler 2DR 4WD"/> || style="background: red"| Poor<ref name=jeep>((cite web|url=http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/vehicle/v/jeep/wrangler-2-door-suv?print-view |title=2015 Jeep Wrangler, Small SUV |work=iihs.org))</ref><ref name=fool2014>((cite web|url=http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/03/16/5-auto-brands-that-fared-the-worst-in-the-iihs-cra.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117111552/http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/03/16/5-auto-brands-that-fared-the-worst-in-the-iihs-cra.aspx |title=5 Auto Brands That Fared the Worst in the IIHS Crash Safety Tests -- No. 2 Is a Real Shock! |author=Sean Williams|date=16 March 2014 |archive-date=17 January 2015|work=[[The Motley Fool]]))</ref> || ((NA)) || Structure rated "Acceptable"
|-
| 2004 || [[Mitsubishi]] || [[Mitsubishi Galant|Galant]] || Sedan ||  || ((rating|4.5|5))<ref>"[http://www.safercar.gov/Vehicle+Shoppers/5-Star+Safety+Ratings/1990-2010+Vehicles/Vehicle-Detail?vehicleId=1225 2004 Mitsubishi Galant 4-DR]" ''[[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]'' (click Side Crash)</ref> || style="background: red"| Poor<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/vehicle/v/mitsubishi/galant-4-door-sedan/2004 |title=2004 Mitsubishi Galant, Midsize |work=iihs.org))</ref> ||   || <small>2005 with airbag is Good at IIHS</small>
|-
| Year || Manufacturer || Model || Type || Produced || ((rating|4.5|5)) || style="background: lightgreen"| Good || ((rating|5|5)) || Comment ((NA))
|}
<!--repeat WikiLinks as per [[WP:OVERLINK#What_generally_should_not_be_linked|exceptions]] for tables and images, to easily port content to other articles-->
((Reflist|group=M))
<!-- http://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-tesla-model-s-achieves-best-safety-rating-of-any-car-ever-tested-2013-8?r=US&IR=T&IR=T -->

== See also ==
*[[Road collision types]]
*[[Side Impact Protection System]] (SIPS)

==References==
((reflist | refs=

* <ref name=loganabbrev>((cite book|author1=Logan, Carolynn M.|author2=Rice, M. Katherine|title=Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations|date=1987|publisher=[[J. B. Lippincott Company]]|location=Philadelphia|isbn=0-397-54589-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/logansmedicalsci00loga/page/3 3]|ref=logansaabrev|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/logansmedicalsci00loga/page/3))</ref>
))

==External links==
*[http://www.car-accidents.com/side-impact-collisions.html Side Impact Collision Images]

((Road accidents))

[[Category:Road collisions by type]]

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