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((Multiple issues|
((One source|date=August 2023))
((More citations needed|date=August 2023))
))
((Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Siege of Tiracol
| date              = 1746
| partof            = [[Novas Conquistas]]
| place             = [[Tiracol]], [[Goa]]
| image             = Fort Teracol.jpg
| image_size        = 300
| caption           = The Portuguese-built [[Fort Tiracol|Tiracol Fort]].
| result            = Portuguese victory<ref name="monteiro"/>
| combatant1        = [[Image:Flag Portugal (1707).svg|24px|border]] [[Portuguese Empire]]|
| combatant2        = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
*[[Sawantwadi State]]
| commander1        = [[Image:Flag Portugal (1707).svg|24px|border]] [[Dom Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos]]
*Colonel Pierrepont
*Fleet general António de Figueiredo e Utra
| commander2        = [[Ramachandra Savant I Bhonsle]]
| strength1         = 27 vessels <br>
*2 [[Ship of the line|ships of the line]] 
*5 palas
*20 smaller vessels
3690 men.<br>
*1000 infantry
*300 caçadores
*90 horsemen
*2300 sepoys
| strength2         = 2000 men
| casualties1       = No dead.<ref>Meirelles, 1747, p.39.</ref>
| casualties2       = Unknown.
))
((Portuguese battles in the Indian Ocean))
((Portuguese colonial campaigns))

The '''Battle of Tiracol''' was a military engagement between Portuguese forces under the command of the [[List of governors of Portuguese India|Viceroy of India]] Dom [[Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos]] against the [[Sawantwadi State|Bhonsles]] at [[Tiracol]].<ref>E. Rehatsek: ''Historical Sketch of Portuguese India'' in ''The Calcutta Review'' Volume 73, 1881, p.341.</ref> It was part of the ''[[Novas Conquistas]]'' or "New Conquests" campaigns.

==Background==
((See also|Siege of Alorna))
[[File:D._Pedro_Miguel_de_Almeida_Portugal,_1.º_Marquês_de_Alorna_(Fundação_das_Casas_de_Fronteira_e_Alorna).png|left|thumb|237x237px|[[Don (honorific)|Dom]] Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal, 1st [[Marquis of Alorna]]]]

Due to persistent raids by the Bhonsles against Portuguese shipping and the border districts of [[Bardez]] and [[Ponda taluka|Pondá]] of Portuguese Goa, in Portuguese India, Viceroy Dom Pedro de Almeida Portugal decided to occupy the lands owned by the [[Bhonsle]]s north of Goa.<ref name="monteiro"/> In April 1746 the Portuguese captured [[Bicholim]], Alorna and [[Sanquelim]], while a Portuguese fleet blockaded the mouth of the [[Chapora River]].<ref name="monteiro">Saturnino Monteiro: ''Batalhas e Combates da Marinha Portuguesa 1139-1975'', volume II, 1996, Livraria Sá da Costa Editora, p.161-163</ref>  

The fort of Tiracol was the main base and haven of Bhonsle pirates and privateers.<ref name="monteiro"/> It was equipped with 34 guns and garrisoned by 2000 men capable of bearing arms, while a heavy chain closed off the mouth of the river from naval entry.<ref name="monteiro"/> With the end of the monsoon rains by September, the Portuguese began preparing to occupy it.<ref name="monteiro"/> 

The Viceroy mobilized two ships-of-the-line, five ''palas'' and 20 smaller craft.<ref name="monteiro"/> 3690 men, of which 1000 were footsoldiers, 300 ''[[caçadores]]'', 90 horsemen, and 2300 sepoys, of which 1200 were led by the Raja of Sooda, 600 in the service of the Portuguese and 500 under the command of the ''dessais'' of Query.<ref>Manoel A. de Meirelles: ''Relação da conquista das praças de Alorna, Bicholim, Avaro, Morly, Satarem, Tiracol, e Rary pelo Pedro Miguel de Almeida e Portugal'', Coelho Amado, 1747, p.35.</ref>

The viceroy departed on his flagship ''Misericórdia'' on November 14, while the Portugues army marched overland towards Tiracol, opening a path through the jungle if necessary.

==Battle==
By early morning of November 23 1746, Portuguese land forces took position in the vicinity of the fort of Tiracol while Portuguese vessels blockaded the rivermouth and bombarded both the fort as well as five Bhonsle ''palas'' then within the harbour, beyond the river chain.<ref name="monteiro"/> The ships of the Bhonsles responded vigorously, but within a few hours they had been heavily damaged, and their crews began to flee ashore.<ref name="monteiro"/> 

By late afternoon, Portuguese soldiers assaulted the fort, which was captured after weak resistance.<ref name="monteiro"/> 

==Aftermath==
After its capture, the fort was christened ''Santíssima Trindade''.<ref>Joaquim Pedro Celestino Soares: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fvBAAAAAcAAJ&dq=forte%20de%20tiracol&pg=PA23 Bosquejo das possessoes portuguezas no Oriente]'', Imprensa nacional, 1851, p.23.</ref>

The Portuguese captured 10 palas, three of which were burned, 17 ''galvetas'', seven of which were burned, 10 ''parangues'' and minor vessels.<ref name="monteiro"/> 243 guns were captured, along with a considerable amount of material meant to equip ships.<ref name="monteiro"/> On December 1, the Portuguese occupied the fort of Rarim, which surrendered without a fight and a further 18 vessels were captured.<ref name="monteiro"/> After both the forts of Rarim and Tiracol were garrisoned, all remaining Portuguese forces returned to Goa on December 20.<ref name="monteiro"/> 

As a result of Portuguese campaigning, the capability of the Bhonsles to harass Goa or its shipping was considerably diminished, while Portuguese territory was expanded north to as far as Rarim.<ref name="monteiro"/> When the Bhonsles again attempted to attack Portuguese shipping two years later, the Viceroy also captured Neutim.<ref name="monteiro"/>

==See also==
*[[Alorna Fort]]
*[[Siege of Alorna]]
*[[Marquis of Alorna]]

==References==
((reflist))

((Coord missing|Goa))

[[Category:Sieges involving Portugal]]
[[Category:Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving Portuguese India]]

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