First Siege of Ulsan
Part of the Imjin War

Joseon and Ming dynasty soldiers assault the Japanese-built fortress at Ulsan
Date29 January – 19 February 1598
Location
Ulsan Japanese Castle, Ulsan, Southern Korean Peninsula
Result Japanese Victory
Withdrawal of Korean and Ming Forces
Belligerents
Joseon and Ming dynasty Japanese army
Commanders and leaders
Ming:
Yang Hao
Ma Gui
Joseon:
Gwon Yul		 Ulsan castle
Katō Kiyomasa
Asano Yoshinaga
Reinforcements
Mōri Hidemoto
Nabeshima Naoshige
Hachisuka Iemasa
Kuroda Nagamasa
Strength
Ming: 40,000[1]
Joseon: 10,000[1]		 Ulsan castle: 10,000
Reinforcements: 13,000[2][3][4]
Casualties and losses
According to Ming sources:
1,621 killed[4]
2,908 wounded[4]
 ~9,000[3][4]

The siege of Ulsan (Korean: 울산성 전투; Hanja: 蔚山城戰鬪; RR: Ulsanseong Jeontu) was an unsuccessful Ming-Joseon attempt to capture Ulsan from the Japanese. The siege lasted from 26 January to 19 February 1598.

Background

Yang Hao, Ma Gui, and Gwon Yul met up at Gyeongju on the 26 January 1598 and marched on Ulsan with an army of 50,000.[1]

Battle

The allied army reached Ulsan on 29 January.[1]

The battle began with a false retreat that lured the Japanese garrison into a frontal attack. They were defeated with 500 losses and were forced to retreat to Tosan fortress. The allies occupied the city of Ulsan.[1]

On 30 January the allies bombarded the fortress and then took the outer wall of Tosan. The Japanese abandoned much of their food supplies and retreated into the inner fortress. The allies assaulted the inner fortress, at one point even taking a portion of the wall, but suffered heavy casualties. Their cannons were of no help since the fortress was situated too high to reach. Eventually the attack was called off, and a long siege began.[1]

On 19 February the allied forces attacked again and were repelled. Seeing Japanese reinforcements arrive, Yang Hao decided to lift the siege and retreat, but the disorganized movement led to many stragglers being cut down by the Japanese, leading to heavy casualties.[3]

Aftermath

Joseon and Ming forces losses according to Ming sources numbered 798 killed at the battle and a further 823 dead by injuries for a total of 1,621 dead.[4] The wounded reached 2,908.[4]

According to Hawley, the Japanese garrison at Ulsan Castle numbered 10,000 men, with less than 1,000 surviving the siege. However, primary historical sources put the original garrison force at 20,000 and 23,000.[4]

Yang Hao would ultimately be called back to Beijing for his failure at Ulsan on 12 August 1598.[5]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f Hawley 2005, p. 491.
  2. ^ "日本戦史. 朝鮮役 （本編・附記）". National Diet Library of Japan (in Japanese).
  3. ^ a b c Hawley 2005, p. 495.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "A critique of Samuel Hawley's The Imjin War: Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China — Part 2: The second invasion". Great Ming Military. 16 August 2019.
  5. ^ Hawley 2005, p. 518.

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