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((Short description|Router that relays SS7 messages between signaling end-points and other signaling transfer points))
((More citations needed|date=January 2021))
[[File:Ss7 net.svg|500px|thumb|SS7 network structure]]
A '''Signal Transfer Point''' (STP) is a node in an SS7 network that routes signaling messages based on their destination point code in the SS7 network.<ref>((Cite web
 | title = RFC2719: Framework Architecture for Signaling Transport
 | url = https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2719
 | publisher = The Internet Society
 | date = 1999
 | last1 = Sharp
 | first1 = Chip
 | last2 = Lin
 | first2 = Haui-an Paul
 | last3 = García
 | first3 = Miguel Angel
 | last4 = Rytina
 | first4 = Ian
 | last5 = Coene
 | first5 = Lode
 | last6 = Ong
 | first6 = Lyndon
 | last7 = Holdrege
 | first7 = Matt
 | last8 = Schwarzbauer
 | first8 = Hannsjuergen
 | last9 = Juhasz
 | first9 = Imre
 ))</ref> It works as a router that relays [[Signaling System 7|SS7]] messages between ''signaling end-points'' [[Signaling End Point|(SEPs)]] and other signaling transfer points (STPs). Typical SEPs include ''service switching points'' [[Service switching point|(SSPs)]] and ''service control points'' [[Service Control Point|(SCPs)]]. The STP is connected to adjacent SEPs and STPs via [[Signaling System 7|signaling links]]. Based on the address fields of the SS7 messages, the STP routes the messages to the appropriate outgoing signaling link. [[Edge STP]]s can also route based upon message body content using [[deep packet inspection]] techniques, and can provide address translations and screen content to limit the transfer of messages with dubious content or sent from unreliable sources. To meet stringent reliability requirements, STPs are typically provisioned in mated pairs.

These 'routers' are connected just by signaling links; they do not have users attached (where a ''user'' could be a [[mobile station]] (MS), a [[PSTN]] user in case of a public terrestrial network, or a piece of [[terminal equipment]] at the end of an [[ISDN B channel]]). SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using [[ISDN User Part|ISUP]] to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs.

A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not found widespread deployment((citation needed|reason='This is a dubious statement. It seems to be widely used in our company.'|date=December 2014)).

In some cases, signaling messages can be originated by the STP to learn about the state of the signaling network. Some examples include:
* an STP may send route set test messages to probe the availability of a particular SEP;
* it may send low-level [[Message Transfer Part|MTP]] messages to an adjacent signaling point to check the Bit Error Rate (BER) on a particular signaling link; or
* it may let other adjacent signaling points know that it is going out of service; in this way, the adjacent signaling points will try to avoid this [[Out-of-service|OOS]] STP.

A given piece of equipment can implement both SEP and STP functionality. This is commonly done in some [[Service switching point|SSPs]]. This is also seen in [[Signaling gateway|Signaling Gateways]] that also have [[Application server|Application Server (AS)]] functionality as defined by the [[Internet Engineering Task Force|IETF]].

Some [[UMTS]] [[Mobile number portability|number portability]] solutions are implemented in STPs. In [[UMTS]], the STP provides [[Global Title|Global Title Translation]] (GTT), which may be used to route queries from a gateway [[Mobile Switching Center|MSC]] ([[GMSC]]) to the [[Home Location Register|HLR]]. Note that for every call to an MS, the call is first routed to the MS's Gateway MSC.

== See also ==
* [[Signaling End Point]]
* [[Signaling System 7]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

[[Category:Telecommunications equipment]]
[[Category:Signaling System 7]]

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