Sir Archibald Alison, Bt | |
|---|---|
 Sir Archibald Alison | |
| Born | 29 December 1792 Parsonage of Kenley, Shropshire, England |
| Died | 23 May 1867 (aged 74) Possil House, Glasgow, Scotland |
| Resting place | Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Occupation | Advocate Historian |
| Nationality | English |
| Citizenship | United Kingdom |
| Alma mater | Edinburgh University |
| Genre | Law History |
| Notable works | Principles of the Criminal Law of Scotland (1832) The Practice of the Criminal Law (1833) History of Europe, 19 volumes (1833–1843) |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Glencairn Tytler (m. 1825) (d. 1874) |
| Relatives | Father: Rev Archibald Alison Brother: Professor William Alison Uncle: Professor James Gregory Cousin: Professor William Gregory |
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Sir Archibald Alison, 1st Baronet, FRSE (29 December 1792 – 23 May 1867) was a Scottish advocate (attorney) and historian. He held several prominent legal appointments. He was the younger son of the Episcopalian cleric and author Archibald Alison. His elder brother was the physician and social reformer William Alison.
He was born at the parsonage at Kenley, Shropshire, to the Rev. Archibald Alison and his wife Dorothea Gregory, daughter of John Gregory, and granddaughter of James Forbes, 17th Lord Forbes.[1] In 1800 his parents moved the family back to Edinburgh, as his father thought that he could give his sons a better education and more independent careers in Scotland.[2]
After studying under a private tutor, and at the University of Edinburgh, he was, in 1814, admitted to the Faculty of Advocates, at which he ultimately attained some distinction, becoming in 1834 Sheriff of Lanarkshire. In 1853, he received an Honorary Doctorate of Civil Law by the University of Oxford.[1]
Alison actively opposed the abolition of slavery in the British Empire.[3] Following the United Kingdom's Slavery Abolition Act 1833 and the Slave Compensation Act 1837 he benefited from a Government payout of more than £4,000 (equivalent to £346,000 in 2015).[4][5]
When travelling in France in 1814 he conceived the idea of his expansive History of Europe from the commencement of the French revolution to the restoration of the Bourbons. This multi-volume set is usually regarded as Alison's chief historical work and is considered to be the first scholarly English-language study of the French Revolution.[6] Published in ten volumes between 1833 and 1843, History of Europe was revised and reprinted many times throughout the century,[6] including numerous foreign language editions.[7] The work is one of vast industry, "contain[ing] a wealth of information communicated in a vigorous though wordy style."[6]
Disraeli satirises the author in Coningsby as Mr. Wordy, who wrote a history to prove that Providence was on the side of the Tories.[8] Such criticism notwithstanding, History of Europe proved to be a huge commercial success.[6] By 1848 100,000 copies had been sold in the United States. It was translated into French, German, and even Arabic, in which language 2,000 copies were published "under the auspices of the Pasha of Egypt."[9] Alison's book collection grew exponentially while he wrote the History as he acquired more and more source material over the years. By the 1840s, the author's collection had grown into an enormous library worth, in his estimation, £4,000 — a massive sum for that period.[10] Alison evidently "feared that 'one of the race of critics' would discover an obscure book, pronounce it indispensable, and charge him with neglecting it."[10]
Alison also composed a comprehensive survey of the military campaigns of the Duke of Marlborough, as well as two standard works on the criminal law of Scotland.
He was elected Lord Rector successively of Marischal College, Aberdeen, and of the University of Glasgow. On 25 June 1852 he was created a baronet,[11] during Lord Derby's administration.
In 1825, he married Elizabeth Glencairn Tytler (1799-1874), the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Patrick Duff Tytler (1760-1849); the children from the marriage were Archibald, Frederick and Ella Frances Catherine who married James Charlemagne Dormer. Both sons became distinguished British military officers. The 1st Baronet's autobiography was published in 1883;[12] his portrait was painted by Robert Scott Lauder.
Alison died at Possil House, Glasgow, at the age of 74, and was interred in Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh.[13] He enjoyed great popularity in Glasgow. His funeral was attended by a crowd of from 100,000 to 150,000 people.[14] His grave lies amid the "Lord's Row" against the western wall, and is modest in comparison to most in this section.
He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his elder son, Sir Archibald Alison, 2nd Baronet.
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