Archibald Macdonald, 1793-1795 portrait by George Romney

Sir Archibald Macdonald, 1st Baronet (13 July 1747 – 18 May 1826) was a Scottish-born English lawyer, judge and politician.

Early life

He was the posthumous son of Sir Alexander Macdonald, 7th Baronet, and younger brother of the 8th baronet (see Baron Macdonald), born at Armadale Castle on Skye. He was brought to England, away from Jacobite influence and entered Westminster School in 1760. He went on to Christ Church, Oxford in 1764, graduating B.A. in 1768 and M.A. in 1772. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1770.[1]

In politics

Macdonald was Member of Parliament for Hindon in Wiltshire (1777–1780) and then for Newcastle-under-Lyme (1780–1792), a seat where his father-in-law had a strong influence.[1]

In politics, Macdonald followed the Whig lead of his father-in-law. He became solicitor-general in 1784 and attorney-general, and was knighted, in 1788. He served as the prosecutor in Thomas Paine's criminal libel trial over the publication of Rights of Man in 1792.[1]

The 1792 Slave Trade Bill passed the House of Commons; mangled and mutilated by the modifications and amendments of Pitt, Earl of Mornington, Edward James Eliot and MacDonald, it lay for years, in the House of Lords.[2][3]

Judge

Macdonald was appointed as second judge of the Carmarthen circuit in Wales in 1780. He was promoted as Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer in 1793, and served in this post until he retired in 1813, with failing eyesight.[1] On his retirement from the court, Macdonald was created a baronet, on 27 November 1813.[4]

Family

Macdonald's wife Louisa, Lady MacDonald, by Angelica Kauffman, 1767

In 1777, Macdonald married Lady Louisa Leveson-Gower, daughter of Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford (at the time called by the courtesy title Earl Gower), then Lord President of the Council. They had two sons and five daughters.[1][4]

Three children of the marriage survived Macdonald, including Sir James Macdonald, 2nd Baronet (1784–1832).[1] Susan (1780–1803) was the illustrator of "The Sports of the Genii" (1804) by Anne Hunter.[5] Caroline Diana (1790–1867) married the cleric Thomas Randolph, son of John Randolph, and was mother of the naval officer George Granville Randolph.[1][6][7][8][9]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Lemmings, David. "Macdonald, Sir Archibald, first baronet (1747–1826)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17429. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ "Parliamentary History". Corbett. 1817. p. 1293.
  3. ^ "Journal of the House of Lords". H.M. Stationery Office 1790. 1790. p. 391 to 738.
  4. ^ a b "Macdonald, Sir Archibald (1747–1826), of East Sheen, Surr., History of Parliament Online". Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  5. ^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1893). "Macdonald, Archibald (1747-1826)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 35. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  6. ^ s:Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Randolph, Thomas (3)
  7. ^ Lambert, Andrew. "Randolph, Sir George Granville". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35670. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  8. ^ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1904). Dod's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland, Including All the Titled Classes. p. 754.
  9. ^ The Gentleman's Magazine. E. Cave. 1813. p. 586.
Parliament of England Preceded byRichard Smith Henry Dawkins Member of Parliament for Hindon 1777–1780 With: Henry Dawkins Succeeded byLloyd KenyonNathaniel William Wraxall Preceded byViscount Chewton Viscount Trentham Member of Parliament for Newcastle-under-Lyme 1780–1793 With: Viscount Trentham 1779–1784Richard Vernon 1784–1790John Leveson-Gower 1790–1792William Egerton 1792–1793 Succeeded bySir Francis FordWilliam Egerton Legal offices Preceded bySir James Eyre Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer 1793–1813 Succeeded bySir Vicary Gibbs Baronetage of the United Kingdom New creation Baronet(of East Sheen) 1813–1826 Succeeded byJames Macdonald
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