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((Short description|A small hot air balloon made to be released into the air))
((for multi|the racehorse|Sky Lantern (horse)|the lantern made of thin, brightly colored paper|Paper lantern))
((More citations needed|date=January 2010))
((Use dmy dates|date=May 2019))
[[File:SkyLanternRichy01.jpg|thumb|upright|A modern Kǒngmíng lantern]]
[[File:Chateau de Montsoreau Museum of contemporary art sky lantern.jpg|thumb|Sky lanterns, [[Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art]], [[Loire Valley]], [[France]]]]
[[File:Yi peng sky lantern festival San Sai Thailand.jpg|thumb|right|Yi Peng (Loi Krathong) festival in Tudongkasatan Lanna (Lanna Meditation Retreat Centre), Mae Jo [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand]]
A '''sky lantern''' (((zh|t=((linktext|天燈))|s=((linktext|天灯))|first=t|p=tiāndēng))), also known as '''Kǒngmíng lantern''' (((zh|t=((linktext|孔明燈))|s=((linktext|孔明灯))|first=t))), or '''Chinese lantern''', is a small balloon made of paper, with an opening at the bottom where a small fire is suspended.

Sky lanterns have been made for centuries in cultures around the world, to be launched for play or as part of long-established festivities. The name ''sky lantern'' is a translation of the [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]] name but they have also been referred to as ''sky candles'' or ''fire balloons''.

Several fires have been attributed to sky lanterns, with at least two 21st-century cases where deaths occurred.<ref name="Local"/><ref name="zoo"/> Sky lanterns have been made illegal in several countries such as Vietnam which has banned the production, sale, and release of sky lanterns throughout the country since 2009. Many areas of Asia do not permit sky lanterns because of widespread fire hazards as well as danger to livestock.

== Construction ==
((Unreferenced section|date=April 2019))
[[File:GloboCantolla77.JPG|thumb|Making sky lanterns in Mexico]]
[[File:Sky Lantern.jpg|thumb|upright|A very large sky lantern in Bandarban, Bangladesh]]
The general design is a thin paper shell, which may be from about 30 [[centimetre|cm]] to a couple of [[metre]]s across, with an opening at the bottom. The opening is usually about 10 to 30&nbsp;cm wide (even for the largest shells), and is surrounded by a stiff collar that serves to suspend the [[flame]] source and to keep it away from the walls.

When lit, the flame heats the air inside the lantern, thus lowering its density and causing the lantern to rise into the air. The sky lantern is only airborne for as long as the flame stays alight, after which the lantern sinks back to the ground.

In [[China]], [[Taiwan]] and [[Thailand]], sky lanterns are traditionally made from oiled [[rice paper]] on a [[bamboo]] frame. The source of hot air may be a small [[candle]] or fuel cell composed of a waxy [[flammable]] material.

In Brazil and [[Mexico]] sky lanterns were traditionally made of several patches of thin [[Transparency and translucency|translucent]] paper (locally called "silk paper"), in various bright colors, glued together to make a multicolored [[polyhedron|polyhedral]] shell. A design that was fairly common was two pyramids joined by the base (a [[bipyramid]], such as the [[octahedron]]) sometimes with a [[cube]] or [[prism (geometry)|prism]] inserted in the middle. Only the smaller models had a full frame made of bamboo or thin wire; the slight overpressure of the hot air was sufficient to keep the larger ones inflated, and the frame was reduced to a wire loop around the bottom opening. The "candle" was usually a packet of [[paraffin wax|paraffin]] or [[rosin]] tightly wrapped in cloth and bound with wire.

== History ==
China is considered to have developed the first simple hot-air balloons.<ref name=9781438103181-pp104/> According to the [[sinologist]] and [[historian of science]] [[Joseph Needham]], the Chinese experimented with small [[hot air balloon]]s for signaling from as early as the [[3rd century BC]]. Their invention is, however, traditionally attributed to the sage and military strategist [[Zhuge Liang]] (181–234 AD),<ref name="deng"/> whose [[Courtesy name|reverent term of address]] was Kongming. He is said to have used a message written on a sky lantern to summon help on an occasion when he was surrounded by enemy troops. For this reason, they are still known in China as Kongming lanterns (((linktext|孔明燈)), ((linktext|孔|明|灯)), ''kǒngmíng dēng''). 

Another suggested origin is that the name actually comes from the lantern's resemblance to the hat Kongming is traditionally shown to be wearing.((citation needed|date=December 2013))The Mongolian army studied [[Kongming lantern]]s from China and used them in the [[Battle of Legnica]] during the Mongol invasion of Poland.<ref>Joseph Needham (1965). ''Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering''; rpr. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.</ref> This is the first time ballooning was known in the western world.

In the [[history of military ballooning]], the lanterns were also used for military signals, In the [[history of ballooning]], these became the first hot air balloons used in the West, in Europe, during the Mongol Invasion of Poland.<ref name=9781438103181-pp104> ((cite book |title= Empire of the Mongols |author= Michael Burgan |publisher= Facts on File |year= 2009 |isbn= 9781438103181 |page= 104 )) </ref>  Sky lanterns could be a possible explanation for some [[UFO]] sightings through the years.<ref name=speigel/><ref name=scrib/>

== Use in festivals ==

=== China ===
In ancient China, sky lanterns were strategically used in wars, in a similar way as [[kite]]s were used in ancient Chinese warfare, such as military communication (transmitting secret messages), signaling, surveillance or spying, lighting the sky when laying siege on the city at night etc. However, later on, non-military applications were employed as they became popular with children at festivals. These lanterns were subsequently incorporated into festivals like the Chinese [[Mid-Autumn]] and [[Lantern Festival]]s.((citation needed|date=April 2019))Although, nowadays they are used as objects within traditional festivals to emphasize the unity of family coming back together during the first full moon. This is represented by the lanterns all coming together in the sky upon being released and the roundness of the lanterns express the wholeness of family.<ref>((cite web |last1=Tikkanen |first1=Amy |title=Lantern Festival |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lantern-Festival |website=Britannica |access-date=27 February 2021))</ref> Before Sky Lanterns were used in a cultural manner in their society, they were used as a means of communication in the military. However, with the passing of time, it shifted to symbolizing a family reunion. Hence, the importance of Sky Lanterns during the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Lantern Festival where they promote reconciliation, peace and forgiveness alongside the unity of family.<ref>((cite web |last1=Travel China Guide |title=Lantern Festival |url=https://www.travelchinaguide.com/essential/holidays/lantern.htm |website=Travel China Guide |access-date=24 February 2021))</ref>

=== India ===
((see also | Oil_lamp#Hinduism | label 1 = Types of Indian oil lamps | Diwali ))
One traditional account says that [[Diwali]] commemorates the return of [[Rama]] after 14 years of exile and victory over [[Ravana]], just before the start of the [[winter]] season, as part of celebrations sky lanterns are released into the night sky with hopes towards a new year. Although fireworks have been lit for a longer period, Chinese lanterns gained popularity in Diwali in the 21st century. One of the most famous sky lantern festivals is celebrated at [[Udaipur]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.holidify.com/pages/udaipur-lantern-festival-283.html|title = Udaipur Lantern Festival 2021 – the Unique Diwali of Udaipur))</ref>
In Bengal and [[Northeast India]], Buddhist people celebrate their Probarona Purnima which signifies the end of their three-month lent by releasing lighted sky lanterns (((transliteration|bn|fanush))), it is the second-largest festival of the Buddhist community. During [[Diwali]] festival (The festival of Light) eco-friendly sky lanterns are used for celebrations along with fireworks. It is a ritual of warding away bad energy and beginning a new (enlightened) path to righteousness.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Diwali-Hindu-festival|title=Diwali &#124; Definition & Facts &#124; Britannica))</ref>

=== Japan ===
[[File:上桧木内の紙風船上げ.JPG|thumb|Hot-air kamifūsen in Kamihinokinai in 2015]]
[[File:TW 台灣 Taiwan 台北 Taipei 十分 Shifen 平溪 Pingxi 天燈 Sky Lantern shop August 2019 SSG 02.jpg|thumb|upright|Different colors of sky lantern and their meanings in [[Taiwan]]]]

An annual sky lantern festival known as the ((nihongo|Kamihinokinai Paper Balloon Festival|上桧木内の紙風船上げ)) is held in [[Semboku, Akita]], on February 10 each year. Hundreds of very large lanterns, known as ((nihongo|[[kamifūsen]]|紙風船)), are flown for good luck in the coming year.<ref>((cite web | url =https://allabout-japan.com/en/article/2346/ | title =A Festival of Floating Lights | date =2017 | website = All About Japan| access-date =July 28, 2019 ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url =https://japan-magazine.jnto.go.jp/en/1412_paperballoon.html | title = The fantastical "Paper Balloon Festival of Kamihinokinai"| date =November 2014 | website =Japan Monthly Web Magazine | publisher =[[Japan National Tourism Organization]] | access-date =28 July 2019 ))</ref> Lanterns are made of [[washi]], traditional Japanese [[glassine]] paper. The festival has mythical origins, and was suspended during World War II. It was revived in 1974.<ref>((cite web | url =https://www.city.semboku.akita.jp/en/sightseeing/spot/06_kamifuusen.html | title =Paper Balloon Festival of Kamihinokinai | website =Semboku City | access-date =28 July 2019))</ref>

=== Portugal and Brazil ===
In [[Brazil]], sky lanterns (''balão'' in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]) were a traditional feature of the [[Festa Junina|winter holidays]] (''Festas Juninas'') at the end of June. It is claimed((By whom|date=January 2019)) that custom was brought to Brazil from [[Portugal]] by colonists in the 16th century, and is still strong in Portugal, especially in [[Porto]]. The June holidays tradition also includes [[firecracker]]s and [[fireworks]], another Chinese invention; so it is conjectured that these elements may have been brought from China by Portuguese explorers around 1500. The design and customs of Brazilian sky lanterns are modified to suit their festivals.((citation needed|date=April 2019))

[[Bartolomeu de Gusmão]], using a large-scale version of these lanterns,((citation needed|date=January 2020)) was the first man to fly a [[hot air balloon]] on 8 August 1709, in the hall of the [[Casa da Índia]] in [[Lisbon]], Portugal, long before the [[Montgolfier brothers]].

Brazilian sky lanterns are usually made by small groups of children and adolescents; but adults sometimes joined the effort, especially for the larger and more elaborate balloons. The launching of a large lantern, which could be one or two [[metre]]s across, would usually require the cooperation of several people, to hold the balloon fully stretched until it was fully inflated. Lanterns with 20 metres or more and loaded with firecrackers and large flags are not uncommon.

Since 1998 launching lanterns has been an environmental crime in Brazil, punishable by up to 3 years in jail.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www12.senado.leg.br/cidadania/edicoes/262/fabricar-vender-ou-soltar-baloes-que-possam-provocar-incendio-e-crime|title=Fabricar, vender ou soltar balões que possam provocar incêndio é crime — Especial Cidadania – Jornal do Senado|website=www12.senado.leg.br|language=pt-br|access-date=2018-01-03))</ref>

=== Taiwan ===

[[Pingxi District]] in [[New Taipei City]] of [[Taiwan]] holds an annual Lantern Festival in which sky lanterns are released into the night sky with people's wishes written, to send the wishes and messages to God. The Lantern Festival is also known as the 15th day of [[Chinese New Year]], the last day of celebration for Chinese New Year.((citation needed|date=April 2019))

=== Thailand ===
[[File:LK 03 loy krathong yi peng san sai.jpg|thumb|Release of a sky lantern during Yi Peng near [[Chiang Mai]], [[Thailand]]]]
The [[Lanna]] people of northern [[Thailand]] use "floating lanterns" (((linktext|โคมลอย)), ''khom loi'', ((IPA-th|kʰōːm lɔ̄ːj|))) year round, for celebrations and other special occasions. One very important festival in which sky lanterns are used is the [[Yi Peng festival]], which is held on a full moon of the 2nd month (((linktext|ยี่เป็ง)), ''Yi Peng'', ((IPA-th|jîː pēŋ|))) of the [[Lanna calendar]] (which coincides with [[Loi Krathong]], the traditional festival on the 12th month of the [[Thai lunar calendar]]). During the Yi Peng festival, a multitude of lanterns are launched into the air where they resemble large flocks of giant fluorescent jellyfish gracefully floating by through the sky. The most elaborate ''Yi Peng'' celebrations can be seen in [[Chiang Mai]],<ref name="chiangmai-chiangrai"/> the ancient capital of the former [[Lanna kingdom]]. The festival is meant as a time to obtain [[merit (Buddhism)|Buddhist merit]] (((linktext|ทำบุญ)), ''tham bun''). In recent times, floating lanterns have become so popular with all Thai people that they have become integrated into the festival in the rest of the country.((citation needed|date=April 2019))

In addition, people will also decorate their houses, gardens and temples with intricately shaped paper lanterns (((linktext|โคม|ไฟ)), ''khom fai'') of various forms. It is considered good luck to release a sky lantern, and many Thai people believe they are symbolic of problems and worries floating away.((citation needed|date=April 2019))

== Dangers ==

[[File:Chinese lantern at Muir of Dinnet national nature reserve 2- CR-IMG 1616 1.jpg|thumb|Sky lantern litter at [[Scottish Natural Heritage]]'s [[Muir of Dinnet]] national nature reserve]]
[[File:Thả lồng đèn.jpg|thumb|Released sky lanterns in Vietnam before being completely banned throughout the country in 2009 due to safety concerns]]
A sky lantern may land when the flame is still alight, making it a [[fire hazard]].<ref name=pneus/> In typical designs, as long as the lantern stays upright the paper will not get hot enough to ignite, but if the balloon is tilted (say, by the wind or by hitting some object), it may catch fire while still in the air. All the paper will usually burn in a few seconds, but the flame source may remain lit until it hits the ground. After the balloon lands, the leftover thin wire frame will rust away very slowly, remaining a hazard to animals that may swallow it.<ref name="guardian"/> Sky lanterns have also been alleged to pose a danger to aircraft.<ref name=cumbic/> In 2009 British company Sky Orbs Chinese Lanterns developed lanterns using [[bio-degradable]] fireproof wool.<ref name="menmedia2"/><ref name="menmedia"/>

Early in 2009, a lantern set fire to a house in [[Siegen]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany, resulting in the death of a ten-year-old boy.<ref name="Local">((cite web |title=Wedding party ends in two-house fire and huge bill |url=https://www.thelocal.de/20090712/20547 |website=The Local |access-date=3 January 2020 |date=12 July 2009))</ref> In July the same year, a lantern set fire to two houses in the German town of [[Dieburg]], near Darmstadt.<ref name="Local"/>

On 1 July 2013 the '[[2013 Smethwick fire|largest fire ever]]' in the [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] of England, involving 100,000 tonnes of recycling material and causing an estimated £6 million worth of damage, was started by a sky lantern which landed at a plastics recycling plant in [[Smethwick]]. Images of the lantern starting the fire were captured on [[closed-circuit television]].<ref>[http://www.itv.com/news/story/2013-07-01/major-blaze-at-recycling-plant-smethwick-west-midlands "Smethwick blaze CCTV released"], ITV News, 2013-07-01.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-23123549 "Smethwick fire: Chinese lantern 'caused largest blaze'"], BBC News, 2013-07-01.</ref> In response to the fire, [[Poundland]], a national retail chain whose headquarters are in nearby [[Willenhall]], decided to stop selling sky lanterns and recalled their entire stock on 6 July 2013.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/07/06/chinese-lanterns-poundland_n_3554177.html "Poundland Stops Selling Chinese Lanterns After Massive Fire In Smethwick"]. [[Huffington Post]]. 2013-07-06. Retrieved 2013-07-06.</ref>

In 2018 a pavilion at [[Riocentro]] Convention Center, near downtown [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil, fully burned after a sky balloon landed on its roof.<ref>Dom Phillips, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/01/fields-medal-award-stolen-brazil-maths-prize "World's most prestigious maths medal is stolen minutes after professor wins it"], ''The Guardian'', 2018-08-01.</ref>

In the early hours of 1 January 2020, more than 30 animals, primarily apes and monkeys, were [[Krefeld Zoo#2020 fire|killed at Krefeld Zoo]] in Germany in a fire believed to have been caused by sky lanterns used in New Year's celebrations.<ref name="zoo">Associated Press, [https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/krefeld-zoo-fire-1.5412299 "Fire kills more than 30 animals at zoo in western Germany"], CBC News, 2020-01-01.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50971250 "Krefeld zoo fire: German police suspect three women"], BBC News, 2020-01-02.</ref> Many of the species involved are endangered in the wild.

=== Legal status ===

There has been growing concern by some about the potential danger to cause crop or building fires and even harm animals that may eat their remains. Some places have banned them for these reasons.<ref name="BBC"/>

The city of [[Sanya]] in [[People's Republic of China|China]] banned sky lanterns as hazardous towards aircraft and airspace navigation.<ref name="abc"/>

In 1936 sky lanterns were made illegal in the [[Gau Thuringia]], [[Nazi Germany|Germany]], based on the ((lang|de|Landespolizeiverordnung über Papierballons mit Brennstoffantrieb vom 30. November 1936)) (State police regulation on fuel powered paper balloons of 30 November 1936). The regulation prohibited the manufacturing, distribution and launch of paper balloons powered by fuel or candles. Violations were punishable by a fine of up to ((Reichsmark|150|link=yes)) or imprisonment of up to two weeks.<ref>((Cite book |url=https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00216206/0121_THR_1936_GSN0026_0109.tif |title=Gesetzsammlung für Thüringen 1936, Siebzehnter Jahrgang, Nr. 1 bis 28 |publisher=Thüringisches Staatsministerium |year=1936 |location=Weimar |page=109 |language=de))</ref>

Since 2009 it has been illegal to launch a sky lantern in most parts of [[Germany]], with fines of up to 5000&nbsp;euros being possible; in some German states, local authorities may give special permission on application.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www1.wdr.de/nachrichten/himmelslaternen-100.html|title=Himmelslaternen – gefährlich und verboten|date=2020-01-02|website=www1.wdr.de|language=de|access-date=2020-01-03))</ref> In [[Austria]], it is illegal to produce, sell, import, or distribute them.<ref name="ris.bka.gv"/> In Argentina, Chile, and Colombia it is illegal to launch lanterns, as well as in Spain and Vietnam. In Brazil launching lanterns is an environmental crime, punishable by up to three years in jail since 1998.<ref name=cumbic/>

Retail sale (but not possession and use) of sky lanterns that "rely on an open flame to heat the air inside the lantern" was banned in Australia on 1 February 2011.<ref name="Aus_ban_1Feb2011"/>

Sky lanterns have also been banned since 20 June 2013 in [[Kittitas County, Washington]], in the United States, because of fire concerns.<ref name=mynorthwest/> In 2015, [[Washington state]] later banned their use statewide, with the adoption of the 2015 International Fire Code.<ref>((Cite web|last=Abbott|first=Davis|date=May 6, 2019|title=Regulating Sky Lanterns|url=http://mrsc.org/Home/Stay-Informed/MRSC-Insight/May-2019/Regulating-Sky-Lanterns.aspx|access-date=2020-10-14|website=mrsc.org))</ref><ref>((Cite web|last=Leader news staff|date=April 29, 2020|title=East Jefferson Fire-Rescue reminds public sky lanterns are dangerous, illegal|url=https://www.ptleader.com/stories/east-jefferson-fire-rescue-reminds-public-sky-lanterns-are-dangerous-illegal,69068|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Port Townsend Leader|language=en))</ref>

In Louisiana, the state fire marshal issued a ban on the distribution, sale, and use of sky lanterns in the state in 2013.<ref>((Cite web | url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/article_ba482d93-d3ab-55b2-b040-47fe85888ac0.html |title = Ask the Advocate: Dilapidated homes and sky lanterns))</ref>

[[Ruth George]], then Labour MP for High Peak, introduced a [[Ten Minute Rule]] bill calling for the banning of sky lanterns in the UK's House of Commons on 27 March 2019. The bill passed its first reading.<ref>((cite news|first=Allen |last=Cook |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-england-birmingham-47658917?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5c9b8d20f86b830666cf8c18%26Move%20to%20ban%20sky%20lanterns%20after%20devastating%20fires%262019-03-27T15%3A10%3A41%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:307f07ef-0e0e-4f42-87e0-efd9c0cb6d7b&pinned_post_asset_id=5c9b8d20f86b830666cf8c18&pinned_post_type=share |title=Move to ban sky lanterns after devastating fires |work=[[BBC News]] |date=27 March 2019))</ref> However the Bill failed to complete its passage through Parliament before the end of the session. (This means the Bill will make no further progress.) <ref>((cite web|url=https://services.parliament.uk/Bills/2017-19/skylanternsprohibition.html |title=Sky Lanterns (Prohibition) Bill 2017–19 |publisher=[[Parliament]] |date=2019))</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Balloon-carried light effect]]
* [[Hot air balloon]]
* [[Incendiary balloon]]
* [[Kamifūsen]]
* [[Lantern]]
* [[Paper lantern]]
* ''[[Tangled]]'' (2010 film that uses Asian-style sky lanterns in a pseudo-European/fairy-tale setting)
* [[Unidentified flying object]]

== References ==

((reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="abc">((cite web|first=Chito|last=Romana|url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/worldview/2009/03/why-did-china-b.html|title=Why Did China Ban Traditional Flying Lanterns? – World View|work=Blogs.abcnews.com|publisher=[[ABC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330013715/http://blogs.abcnews.com/worldview/2009/03/why-did-china-b.html|archive-date=2009-03-30|url-status=dead|date=2009-03-27|access-date=2013-02-24))</ref>

<ref name="Aus_ban_1Feb2011">((cite web|title=Sky lanterns|publisher=[[Australian Competition & Consumer Commission]]|year=2012|url=http://www.productsafety.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/974496|access-date=2012-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227114213/http://www.productsafety.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/974511/fromItemId/974496|archive-date=2012-02-27|url-status=dead))</ref>

<ref name="BBC">((cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8490524.stm|title=Chinese lanterns pose danger to livestock, NFU says|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2010-02-01|access-date=2010-09-08))</ref>
<ref name="chiangmai-chiangrai">((cite web|url=http://www.chiangmai-chiangrai.com/loy_krathong-lantern_festival_yee_peng.html|title=Lantern Festival of the Yee Peng Month|access-date=2013-02-24|date=2012-12-03|publisher=Welcome to Chiangmai and Chiangrai magazine|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228183415/http://www.chiangmai-chiangrai.com/loy_krathong-lantern_festival_yee_peng.html|archive-date=2013-02-28))</ref>

<ref name="cumbic">((cite web|date=2008-05-14|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u401924.shtml|title=Balão cai no aeroporto de Cumbica; Infraero faz campanha de prevenção|language=pt|quote=Only last year the state-owned company recorded at the Guarulhos [=Cumbica] airport 104 incident. In 2008 [...] there were already 17 incidents.|access-date=2013-02-24|publisher=[[Folha de São Paulo]]))</ref>

<ref name="deng">((Cite book|title=中国古代发明 (Ancient Chinese Inventions)|author=Yinke Deng|publisher=五洲传播出版社|year=2005|isbn=7508508378|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssO_19TRQ9AC&q=Kongming+balloon&pg=PA113))</ref>

<ref name="guardian">((cite news|first=Leo|last=Hickman|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ethicallivingblog/2009/jul/31/sky-lanterns|title=What's the environmental impact of a sky lantern?|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=2009-07-31|access-date=2013-02-24))</ref>
<ref name="menmedia">((cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/business/sme/s/1589884_sky-orbs-wins-100k-russian-order|title=Sky Orbs wins £100k Russian order|publisher=[[Manchester Evening News]]|date=2012-09-28|access-date=2013-02-24))</ref>

<ref name="menmedia2">((cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/business/innovation/s/1423582_the-skys-the-limit-for-sky-orbs-eco-friendly-chinese-lanterns|title=Sky's The Limit For Eco Friendly Chinese Lanterns|publisher=[[Manchester Evening News]]|access-date=2013-02-24|date=2011-06-15))</ref>

<ref name="pneus">((cite web|first=Barbara|last=Gancia|date=2004-08-06|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/cotidian/ff0608200403.htm|title=Inconseqüência sazonal vitima mais um|language=pt|publisher=Folha de São Paulo|quote=Firefighters have been striving for five days to put out a criminal fire in the Guarulhos region. This time it was a tire recycling company; but it could have happened to my home, or to yours, dear reader.|access-date=2013-02-02))</ref>

<ref name="ris.bka.gv">((cite web|url=http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2009_II_423/BGBLA_2009_II_423.pdf|title=BUNDESGESETZBLATT FÜR DIE REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH|date=2009-12-09|language=de|access-date=2013-02-24))</ref>

<ref name="scrib">((cite web|first=Nicola|last=Scribbens|url=http://www.burnham-on-sea.com/news/2009/ufo-sighting-follow-up-11-06-09.php|title=Readers say Burnham-On-Sea UFO was probably a Chinese lantern|publisher=Burnham-On-Sea.com|date=2009-06-11|access-date=2013-02-02))</ref>

<ref name=speigel>((cite web|first=Lee|last=Speigel|url=http://www.aolnews.com/2011/04/04/chicago-ufo-mystery-solved-they-were-sky-lanterns-in-honor-of-c/|title=Chicago UFO Mystery Solved: They Were Sky Lanterns in Honor of Child Abuse Victims.|publisher=[[AOL News]]|date=2011-04-04|access-date=2013-02-24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120192543/http://www.aolnews.com/2011/04/04/chicago-ufo-mystery-solved-they-were-sky-lanterns-in-honor-of-c/|archive-date=2013-01-20))</ref>

<ref name=mynorthwest>((cite web|url=http://mynorthwest.com/11/695901/Fire-danger-prompts-ban-of-sky-lanterns|title=Fire danger prompts ban of sky lanterns|date=2013-06-20|access-date=2013-07-12))</ref>
))

== External links ==
((Commons category|Sky lanterns))

* ((Cite news |last=Chen |first=Melody |date=21 February 2005 |title=Pingsi Festival Sends Lanterns Toward Heaven |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/02/21/2003223952 |work=[[Taipei Times]] |page=2 |access-date=3 September 2018))

[[Category:Balloons (aeronautics)]]
[[Category:Chinese culture]]
[[Category:Chinese inventions]]
[[Category:Chinese traditions]]
[[Category:History of aviation]]
[[Category:Culture of Japan]]
[[Category:Light fixtures]]
[[Category:Mid-Autumn Festival]]
[[Category:Culture of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Culture of Thailand]]

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