The Slovak Soviet Republic (in Slovak: Slovenská republika rád = literally: "Slovak Republic of Councils" - the name originated before the Russian word soviet (council) became widespread in Slovak and other languages) comprised a short-lived communist state in south and eastern Slovakia from 16 June to 7 July 1919, with its capital in Prešov, and headed by the Czech journalist Antonín Janoušek.

After the confusions of 1918, the army of the newly-formed Czechoslovakia received orders to gain full control over Slovakia. A successful attack of the Red Guards (see Hungarian Soviet Republic) led to the occupation of a large part of Slovakia and the setting up of the Slovak Soviet Republic. After a reversal of military fortune, the Hungarian Soviet Republic's Red Guards retired to Hungary, the Czechoslovak army occupied the area, and the Slovak Soviet Republic ceased to exist.