Slovakia has an enormous reservoir of folk music.^{[citation needed]} The people of Slovakia tend to designate themselves as the "singing nation".^{[citation needed]} Many musicological studies evidence that Slovak folk music is indigenous and has ancient origins, even in respect to neighbouring ethnic groups.^{[citation needed]} Scientific designations defining Slovak folk music came from the late 19th century onward and set the foundations for Slovakia's modern history of musicological research. Slovakia's musicological research has its roots in Slovakia's national Renaissance from the 19th century, when many leading Slovakian personalities were beginning to devote themselves to studying folk traditions.

Composers such as Ján Levoslav Bella began to include Slovak folk music in their compositions, and Slovak music was collected and used by composers such as Béla Bartók, Ján Cikker and Eugen Suchoň.

In November 2005 the fujara (Slovak shepherds' pipe) and its music were named Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.