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((Short description|Alcoholic beverage brewed with snakes))
((more citations needed|date=September 2018))
[[Image:snakewine.jpg|thumb|A bottle of snake wine photographed in the southern Chinese city of [[Guangzhou]].]]
[[Image:Ruou thuoc 1.jpg|thumb|Snake is one of Vietnamese varieties of ''[[rượu thuốc]]''.<ref>((cite web|url=http://roadsandkingdoms.com/2016/mekong-snake-hunters/|title=The Last Days of the Mekong Snake Hunters|date=9 August 2016|access-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013142625/http://roadsandkingdoms.com/2016/mekong-snake-hunters/|archive-date=13 October 2016|url-status=live))</ref> The bottle on the left is a cobra wine (Rượu rắn).]]
[[File:Scorpion wine.jpg|thumb|[[Scorpion]] and snake wine.]]
'''Snake wine''' (((zh|c=蛇酒|p=shé-jiǔ)); ((lang-vi|rượu rắn)); ((lang-km|ស្រាពស់)), ((transl|km|sra poas))) is an [[alcoholic beverage]] produced by infusing whole [[snake]]s in [[rice wine]] or [[grain alcohol]]. The drink was first recorded to have been consumed in [[China]] during the [[Western Zhou dynasty]] (c. 1040–770 BC) and believed in folklore to reinvigorate a person according to [[Traditional Chinese medicine]].<ref name=sw1>((citation|script-title=zh:蛇酒的泡制与药用|trans-title=The production and medicinal qualities of snake wine|date=2007-04-09|url=http://www.cn939.com/tcm-article-read-4694.html|access-date=2009-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150614/http://www.cn939.com/tcm-article-read-4694.html|archive-date=2011-07-06|url-status=live))</ref> It can be found in China, [[Hong Kong]], [[Taiwan]], [[North Korea]], [[Goa (India)]], [[Vietnam]], [[Okinawa | Okinawa (Japan)]], [[Laos]], [[Thailand]], [[Cambodia]] and throughout [[Southeast Asia]].

The snakes, preferably venomous ones, are not usually preserved for their meat but to have their "essence" and/or snake venom dissolved in the liquor. The [[snake venom]] proteins are [[protein folding|unfolded]] by the [[ethanol]] and therefore the completed beverage is usually, but not always,<ref name=moon/> safe to drink.
The [[Snake Alley (Taipei)|Huaxi street]] [[night market]] (((lang|zh-Hant|華西街夜市))) of [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]], is renowned for its snake foods and wine products.

== History ==
Consumption of snakes and their viscera has long been considered by followers of traditional Chinese medicine to promote health. Snake wine was first recorded to be used in [[China]] during the [[Western Zhou dynasty]] (771 BC) and the supposed medicinal use of snakes was noted in the medical manual ''[[Shen nong ben cao jing]]'' (((lang|zh-Hant|神農本草經))) compiled between 300 B.C. and 200 A.D.<ref name=sw2>((citation|script-title=zh:趣谈蛇酒的来历与药用价值|trans-title=Leisure conversations on snake wine, its history and it medicinal properties|date=2008-01-22|first=海珊|last=关|url=http://cm.39.net/081/22/233266.html|access-date=2009-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213023648/http://cm.39.net/081/22/233266.html|archive-date=2009-12-13|url-status=live))</ref> The detailed uses of various snake feces, their body parts, and various preparations were elaborated in [[Li Shizhen]]'s ''[[Bencao Gangmu]]'' (((lang|zh-Hant|本草綱目))).<ref name=sw3>((citation|last=李|first=時珍|script-title=zh:本草綱目|trans-title=Compendium of Materia Medica|year=1578–1593|url=http://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%B6%B1%E7%9B%AE|access-date=2009-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222012839/http://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%B6%B1%E7%9B%AE|archive-date=2012-02-22|url-status=live))</ref> Snake bile was offered to [[Yang Jisheng (Ming dynasty)|Yang Jisheng]] as treatment for the injuries he suffered in prison circa 1554.<ref>((cite book |last=Hammond |first=Kenneth J. |date=2012 |title=Pepper Mountain: The Life, Death, and Posthumous Career of Yang Jisheng |page=69 |location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-54189-3 |orig-year=First published 2007 by Kegan Paul International))</ref>

===In culture===
In Vietnam, the common regional name for snake wines is ''rượu thuốc'', while less common ones are referred to as ''rượu rắn''.<ref name="Galván 2014 p. 294">((cite book | last=Galván | first=J.A. | title=They Do What? A Cultural Encyclopedia of Extraordinary and Exotic Customs from around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia of Extraordinary and Exotic Customs from around the World | publisher=ABC-CLIO | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-61069-342-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2RyBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA294 | access-date=7 June 2021 | page=294))</ref><ref name="Wick 2018">((cite web | last=Wick | first=Anemi | title=Vietnam's famous alcohol aphrodisiac can boost your sex drive – but do you have any idea what's in it? | website=South China Morning Post | date=2 September 2018 | url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/travel-leisure/article/2162150/vietnams-famous-alcohol-aphrodisiac-can-boost-your-sex | access-date=7 June 2021))</ref> A similar drink is made with dehydrated [[gecko]]s or [[sea horse]]s rather than snakes.<ref>((citation|first=Peter|last=Mandel|title=Snake Wine|publisher=The Washington Post Company|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/20/AR2007042000638.html|date=April 22, 2007|access-date=October 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103091230/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/20/AR2007042000638.html|archive-date=November 3, 2012|url-status=live))</ref> Snake wine, due to its high alcohol percentage, is traditionally drunk in shot glasses.

It is illegal to import snake wine to many countries because many of the snakes used for its production are [[endangered species]].<ref>((cite news |author=Rich Phillips |date=May 7, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/05/07/florida.snake.wine/index.html |title=Name your poison: 'Snake wine' seized at airport |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=22 May 2016))</ref>

== Health risks ==
The risks of ingesting snake wine include systemic [[envenomation]] from the contained venom, which may present features differing from direct envenomation by snakebite. A number of health problems of the vascular system may result, including damage to the vascular wall [[endothelium]], abnormal [[platelet]] function, and [[coagulopathy]].<ref name="moon">((Cite journal |last1=Moon |first1=Jeong Mi |last2=Chun |first2=Byeong Jo |date=2016-06-01 |title=Severe Coagulopathy after Ingestion of "Snake Wine" |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467915013773 |journal=The Journal of Emergency Medicine |language=en |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=848–851 |doi=10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.11.037 |issn=0736-4679 |pmid=26823133 |url-access=subscription |via=Elsevier Science Direct))</ref>

== Varieties ==
((unreferenced section|date=September 2018))
The main types of snake wine, which use either parts of a live snake, or the entire snake itself are ''steeped'' or ''mixed''.

== See also ==
((portal|Liquor))
*[[Elixir]]
*[[Folk medicine]]
*[[Habushu]]
*[[Panacea (medicine)|Panacea]]
*[[Theriac]]a
*[[Rượu thuốc]]
*[[Snake oil]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

((DEFAULTSORT:Snake wine))
[[Category:Folklore]]
[[Category:Rice wine]]
[[Category:Vietnamese alcoholic drinks]]
[[Category:Asian traditional medicine]]
[[Category:Snake products]]

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