You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 35.170.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪JJMC89‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 05:20, 2 July 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 05:38, 21 February 2024
- Expiry of block: 05:38, 21 February 2029
Your current IP address is 35.170.198.190. The blocked range is 35.170.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Expand language|topic=|langcode=de|date=May 2023))
((More citations needed|date=May 2023))
'''Social–liberal coalition''' (((lang-de|Sozialliberale Koalition))) in the [[politics of Germany]] refers to a [[German governing coalition|governmental coalition]] formed by the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD) and the [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP). From 1969 to 1982 social–liberal coalitions led by [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)|Federal Chancellors]] [[Willy Brandt]] and [[Helmut Schmidt]] governed the [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]].<ref>((Cite web |title=“Dare more democracy” – Domestic and social policy 1969–1974 |url=https://www.willy-brandt-biography.com/politics/domestic-policy/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Willy Brandt Biografie |language=en))</ref>

The term stems from [[social democracy]] of the SPD and the [[liberalism]] of the FDP. Because of the colours traditionally used to symbolise the two parties (red for SPD and yellow for FDP), such a coalition is also referred to as a "red–yellow" coalition (''rot–gelbe Koalition''). The FDP is basically an economic/classical liberal party, but under the coalition, the FDP and the SPD are close to [[Social liberalism|left-liberalism]] (''Linksliberalismus'').

Social–liberal coalitions are currently rare, as the SPD usually governs with the [[Alliance '90/The Greens]] and the FDP orients itself towards long-term co-operation with the [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] and Bavarian [[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|Christian Social Union]]. However, a social–liberal coalition ruled from 1991 to 2006 in the German [[States of Germany|State]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] and would have continued to do so, had the SPD not won an [[absolute majority]]. Social–liberal coalitions have previously been in power in many other federal states of Germany as well.

The [[traffic light coalition]] is a combination of the social-liberal coalition and the [[red-green coalition]] insofar as it includes the Social Democratic Party, the FDP and the greens, which are the constituent elements of the other two coalitions. The [[Weimar Coalition]] was a similar constellation of parties as it included the Social Democratic Party as well as a [[left-liberal]] party (the then [[German Democratic Party]] one of the predecessors of the FDP) and the [[liberal-conservative]]/[[conservative-liberal]] element also present in the FDP with the [[Zentrumspartei]]. However, the [[political Catholicism]] espoused by the Zentrum is absent in the postwar social-liberal coalition.
== Social–liberal coalitions at the federal state level ==

''After the term, the leader of the government is given''.

=== Berlin ===
* 1963–66 [[Willy Brandt]] (despite having an absolute majority)
* 1966–67 [[Heinrich Albertz]] (despite having an absolute majority)
* 1967–71 [[Klaus Schütz]] (despite having an absolute majority)
* 1975–77 Klaus Schütz
* 1977–81 [[Dietrich Stobbe]]
* 1981 [[Hans-Jochen Vogel]]

=== Bremen ===
* 1959–65 [[Wilhelm Kaisen]]
* 1967–71 [[Hans Koschnick]]

=== Hamburg ===
* 1957–61 [[Max Brauer]]
* 1961–65 [[Paul Nevermann]]
* 1965–66 [[Herbert Weichmann]]
* 1970–71 Herbert Weichmann
* 1971–74 [[Peter Schulz]]
* 1974–78 [[Hans-Ulrich Klose]]
* 1987–88 [[Klaus von Dohnanyi]]
* 1988–91 [[Henning Voscherau]]

=== Hesse ===
* 1970–76 [[Albert Osswald]]
* 1976–82 [[Holger Börner]]

=== Lower Saxony ===
* 1963–65 [[Georg Diederichs]]
* 1974–76 [[Alfred Kubel]]

=== North Rhine-Westphalia ===
* 1956–58 [[Fritz Steinhoff]]
* 1966–78 [[Heinz Kühn]]
* 1978–80 [[Johannes Rau]]

=== Rhineland-Palatinate ===
* 1991–94 [[Rudolf Scharping]]
* 1994–2006 [[Kurt Beck]]

==See also==
*[[German governing coalition]]
*[[Grand coalition (Germany)]]
*[[Traffic light coalition]]
*[[Jamaica coalition (politics)|Jamaica coalition]]
*[[Red–green alliance]]
*[[Lib–Lab pact]] for the equivalent in [[British politics]]
*[[Purple coalition]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((Social Democratic Party of Germany))
((Free Democratic Party (Germany)))

((DEFAULTSORT:Social-liberal coalition))
[[Category:Cabinets of Germany|*]]
[[Category:Social liberalism]]
[[Category:Social Democratic Party of Germany]]
[[Category:Free Democratic Party (Germany)]]
[[Category:Political terminology in Germany]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Social-liberal coalition (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Expand language (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Free Democratic Party (Germany) (edit)
Template:Hidden (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hidden begin (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hidden begin/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hidden end (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Lang-de (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Mw lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Para (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Party color (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Social Democratic Party of Germany (edit)
Template:Wikidata sitelink (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Mw lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Political party (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Political party/F (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Module:Political party/S (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Social-liberal coalition.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social-liberal_coalition"