Sock and buskin are ancient symbols of comedy and tragedy. In ancient Greek theatre, actors in tragic roles wore a boot called a buskin (Latin cothurnus) while the actors with comedic roles wore only a thin-soled shoe called a sock (Latin soccus).^[1][2]

• 
  Sock
• 
  Buskin

History

These masks date back to around 700 AD.

These masks were initially simple and functional, but over time, they became more sophisticated and stylized. The use of masks in theater declined with the Roman Empire’s fall. After performances, the masks were often sacrificed to the Dionysus.The Renaissance lead to a resurgence in the use of theatrical masks, though in a more symbolic capacity.^[3]

In modern times, it is less about literal mask-wearing and more about the metaphorical representation of drama. They have become iconic, representing the world of theater.

Significance

In ancient Greek theater, masks were integral to the performance. The exaggerated expressions helped actors project their actions to even distant spectators. They were also acted as a primitive megaphone.^[4]

The masks symbolize the dichotomy of the human experience—the joy and sorrow. This representation has become a universal symbol for the dramatic arts.

These masks also became symbols of the Ancient Greek muses. Melpomene, the muse of tragedy, is depicted holding the tragic mask and wearing buskins. Thalia, the muse of comedy, is depicted with the mask of comedy.^[5]