Municipality and city in Boyacá, Colombia
Sogamoso (Spanish pronunciation: [soɣaˈmoso]) is a city in the department of Boyacá of Colombia. It is the capital of the Sugamuxi Province, named after the original Sugamuxi. Sogamoso is nicknamed "City of the Sun", based on the original Muisca tradition of pilgrimage and adoring their Sun god Sué at the Sun Temple. The city is located at an altitude of 2,569 metres (8,428 ft) on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes.
Etymology
Sogamoso is named after Sugamuxi or Suamox, the original name in Chibcha for the city and Sugamuxi, the last iraca of the sacred City of the Sun. Suamuxi means "Dwelling of the Sun".[2] Knowledge about Sugamuxi has been provided by Pedro Simón and the German countess Gertrud von Podewils Dürniz, in her work Chigys Mie.
Geographical limits
Sogamoso limits with the following municipalities:[3]
Climate
Sogamoso has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen: Cfb)[4] with mild days and cool nights.
| Climate data for Sogamoso (Alberto Lleras Camargo Airport) (1991–2020)
|
| Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
22.82
(73.08)
|
23.11
(73.60)
|
22.58
(72.64)
|
21.87
(71.37)
|
21.33
(70.39)
|
20.67
(69.21)
|
20.3
(68.5)
|
20.41
(68.74)
|
20.83
(69.49)
|
21.34
(70.41)
|
21.65
(70.97)
|
22.17
(71.91)
|
21.59
(70.86)
|
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
3.84
(38.91)
|
4.36
(39.85)
|
6.43
(43.57)
|
7.92
(46.26)
|
8.13
(46.63)
|
7.24
(45.03)
|
6.3
(43.3)
|
6.28
(43.30)
|
5.78
(42.40)
|
6.97
(44.55)
|
7.69
(45.84)
|
5.49
(41.88)
|
6.37
(43.47)
|
| Average precipitation mm (inches)
|
26.17
(1.03)
|
26.71
(1.05)
|
73.68
(2.90)
|
107.19
(4.22)
|
94.44
(3.72)
|
57.93
(2.28)
|
57.37
(2.26)
|
44.97
(1.77)
|
56.68
(2.23)
|
96.62
(3.80)
|
99.13
(3.90)
|
26.65
(1.05)
|
767.55
(30.22)
|
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
|
4.01
|
4.35
|
10.42
|
12.97
|
13.35
|
10.3
|
10.49
|
9.67
|
9.42
|
12.4
|
12.31
|
4.77
|
114.47
|
| Source: NOAA[5]
|
History
Before the Spanish conquest, Suamox, as it was called, was ruled by the iraca of which the last ruler was called Sugamuxi. The city was a place of pilgrimage and the iraca was both priest and ruler housed in the Sun Temple, a richly ornamented temple honouring Sué, the Sun god in the Muisca religion.
Conquest and New Kingdom of Granada
Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada was the conquistador of the Muisca Confederation, arriving in Suamox territories (Iraca Valley) in September 1537. Soldiers of De Quesada -according to Spanish chroniclers accidentally- set the Sun Temple on fire. Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita narrates about the march of De Quesada to Suamox, the looting of the city and the fire of the temple of the Sun.[6]
Soon after the conquest, the missionaries began the construction of a chapel that would open the way to the first Catholic church of the time, located on the central square.
Natural scientist Alexander von Humboldt who visited the New Kingdom of Granada at the beginning of the 19th century, wrote about Sogamoso in his chronicles.
Suamox in Muisca history
Administrative division
According to the political Map – administrative Number 41ª, del Plan of Territorial Classification 1999–2010, in February of the year 2000, the city was conformed by 18 veredas:[7]
Neighbourhoods
Sogamoso is composed of 70 neighbourhoods.[8]
l. Alamos del sur 2. Álvaro González Santana 3. Angelmar 4. Benjamín Herrera 5. Campoamor 6. Centro
7. Chapinero 8. Chicamocha 9. Colombia 10. El Cortez 11. El Diamante 12. El Durazno
13. El Jardín 14. El Laguito 15. El Nogal 16. El Oriente 17. El Prado 18. El Recreo
19. El Rosario 20. El Sol 21. El Carmen 22. Gustavo Jiménez Jiménez 23. Jorge Eliécer Gaitán 24. José Antonio Galán
25. Juan José Rondón 26. La Castellana 27. La Esmeralda 28. La Florida 29. La Isla 30. La Pradera
31. La Villita 32. Las Acacias 33. Las Américas 34. Los Alisos 35. Los Alpes 36. Los Arrayanes
37. Los Libertadores 38. Los Rosales 39. Los Sauces 40. Lunapark 41. Magdalena 42. Monquirá
43. Enrique Olaya Herrera 44. Prado Norte 45. Rafael Uribe Uribe 46. San Andresito 47. San Cristóbal 48. San Martín
49. San Martín – Centro 50. Santa Ana – Mochacá 51. Santa Bárbara 52. Santa Catalina 53. Santa Helena 54. Santa Inés
55. San Rafael 56. Santa Isabel 57. Santa Marta 58. Siete de Agosto 59. Simón Bolívar 60. Sucre
61. Sugamuxi 62. Universitario 63. Rafael Valdés Tavera 64. Veinte de Julio 65. Venecia 66. Villa Blanca
67. Villa del Sol 68. Asodea 69. Villa del Lago 70. Valdez Tavera
Economy
The economy of Sogamoso is centered around agriculture, trade, the steel industry and construction materials, and in the exploitation of limestones, marble and coal.[3]
During the years 2007 and 2008, the city had a quick development in urban construction.
Transportation
Sogamoso is served by Alberto Lleras Camargo Airport. Aerocivil lifted the restriction of air operations in September 2009.
Due to the increase of economic relationships with Bogotá and the rest of the region, the government realised the need to build a highway.
Education
As of 2016, Sogamoso has seven universities:
- Sogamoso Faculty of Pedagogical and Technological University Of Colombia, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)
- Open National University at Distance
- University Corporation Remington
- Polytechnic Grancolombiano
- University of Pamplona
- Superior school of Public Administration E.S.A.P.
- Sogamoso Faculty of the University of Boyacá
Culture
Sites of interest
The city hosts historical places as:
- Archaeology Museum Sogamoso, with a reconstruction of the Sun Temple
- Central park
- 6 September square
- The Pile-Mochacá, from the ancient city "the old Sogamoso"
- Morca, where the Virgin Of Morca is venerated
- Nearby Lake Tota, largest lake of Colombia and sacred site of the Muisca
Festivals and celebrations
- September 6: Anniversary of the city
- July: Festivities of the Sun and of the Steel
- Huán Festival, recreation of the indigenous ceremony of the adoration of the Sun
- September: International Festival of The Culture
- October: Festival of the corn
- October: Festival of the mud
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