History
Origin of the SSL console
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See also: Solid State Logic |
SSL founder Colin Sanders owned and operated Acorn Studios, a recording studio in Stonesfield, Oxfordshire. When he sought a recording console with routing flexibility and settings recall unavailable on recording consoles at that time, Sanders applied his experience to design and build a mixing console himself, resulting in the SL 4000 A Series large-format analogue mixing console, which featured one-button switching between recording, tracking and mixdown modes. A total of two SL 4000 A Series consoles were built, the beginning of a series of products that would define and establish SSL as a company over the next two decades.
B Series
The SL 4000 B Series, introduced in 1976, revolutionized the recording industry by combining the in-line mixing console with a computer which provided fader automation and programmable tape transport auto-location functionality.,[3] The B Series was in production for four years, during which a total of six B Series consoles were built and sold,[4] the first B Series console purchased by Abbey Road Studios in London, England. The second B Series console was purchased by Le Studio in Morin-Heights, Canada,[5] where it was used in the recording of such notable albums as Moving Pictures and several subsequent Rush albums, as well as Bryan Adams Cuts Like a Knife. Kendun Recorders in Burbank, California also purchased an SL 4000 B.[6]
Another early SL 4000 B was purchased by Virgin Records' Townhouse Studios in London,[7] and it was with that console that engineer Hugh Padgham accidentally discovered gated reverb while recording Phil Collins' drum parts for Peter Gabriel's 1980 song "Intruder".[8] The console featured a "Listen Mic", or reverse talkback function intended to allow a musician in the studio to communicate with control room personnel via an overhead microphone. To compensate for sound level differences of musicians that may or may not be near the microphone, SSL's "Listen Mic" circuit employed gating and extreme compression, so when Padgham activated the "Listen Mic" while Collins was talking and playing, it resulted in the gated reverb drum sound. Padgham and producer Steve Lilywhite liked the sound so much that they had the console modified overnight to enable recording of the console's talkback circuit.[9][10] Collins, Lilywhite, and Padgham again used the effect on Collins' signature 1981 single "In the Air Tonight", and the gated reverb drum sound technique became widely used and imitated throughout the 1980s, with SSL revising the design of future consoles so that the "Listen Mic" could be recorded without any modification.[11] Other notable albums recorded by Lillywhite on Townhouse's SL 4000 B included XTC's Drums and Wires and Simple Minds' Once Upon a Time.
E and G Series
The SL 4000 E Series, introduced in 1979, combined the functionality of a mixing console with centralized signal processing control, machine control, fader automation, and Total Recall, which enabled the user to save the settings of all of the mixers' rotary controls on a 5¼ inch floppy disk, then reset them to those previous settings using a color-coded display. The E Series offered sonic improvements, increased routing flexibility, a new 4-band EQ section developed in collaboration with George Martin (now commonly referred to as the "Black Knob" EQ), and was the first console to offer a compressor/gate on every channel as well as a master bus compressor.[12]
The combination of the ability to save and recall mixer settings, a dedicated dynamics section, and a dedicated compressor/gate/expander and parametric EQ on every channel, and SSL's flexible routing drove widespread adoption of the SL 4000 E Series consoles and its successors and variants in professional recording studios,[1][2] and in 1996 Billboard's Studio Action Chart reported that 83% of number one singles that year had been produced using an SSL board. The company claims that more platinum albums have been recorded on SSL mixing consoles than any other company's equipment combined.[13][14]
The first two 4000 E consoles were purchased by Battery Studios and RG Jones Recording Studios, closely followed by Eden Studios and Sarm Studios.
SSL introduced the SL 4000 G Series at the AES New York Convention in 1987, which again offered a redesigned EQ, among other improvements.
The SL 4000 E Series and G Series consoles were later also made available in 5000 Series, 6000 Series, and 8000 Series formats, which offered various routing and bussing configurations to address the needs of sound for the recording, film, video, and broadcast markets.