Somerton (/ˈsʌmərtən/SUM-ər-tən) is a town and civil parish in the English county of Somerset. It gave its name to the county and was briefly, around the start of the 14th century, the county town, and around 900 was possibly the capital of Wessex. It has held a weekly market since the Middle Ages, and the main square with its market cross is today popular with visitors. Situated on the River Cary, approximately 8.8 miles (14.2 km) north-west of Yeovil, Somerton has its own town council serving a population of 4,697 as of 2011.[1]
Residents are often referred to locally as Somertonians.[2] The civil parish includes the hamlets of Etsome, Hurcot, Catsgore, and Catcombe.
Archaeological remains at Somerton are evidence of a Celtic settlement. The discovery of a high status cemetery in 2019, suggests that these local people adopted a more Roman lifestyle.[3] During the Anglo-Saxon era, Somerton was an important political and commercial centre. After the Norman conquest of England the importance of the town declined, despite being the county town of Somerset in the late thirteenth century and early fourteenth century. Having lost county town status, Somerton then became a market town in the Middle Ages, whose economy was supported by transport systems using the River Parrett, and later rail transport via the Great Western Railway, and by light industries including glove making and gypsum mining.
Archaeological evidence uncovered in 2019 indicates the existence of a Celtic settlement which pre-dates any written records of the area. The grave goods found suggest the local population were of a high status and adopted a Roman lifestyle, with the older and newer graves showing marked differences in burial customs.[3]
The earliest written reference to the town is in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which records that in 733 the King of Wessex, Æthelheard lost control of Somerton to Æthelbald, King of Mercia.[5] Somerton was the site of the 949 meeting of the witan, a form of Anglo-Saxon parliament.[6] The town returned to West Saxon royal control in the ninth century,[7] and it was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Sumertone". The name may come from Old English for "sea-lake enclosure", "summer town" or "summer farmstead".[5][8] The Somerton name was extended to the people in the area it controlled, and this area became known as Somerset, although Somerton soon ceased to be the most important settlement and never grew into a large town.[9] The parish was the largest in the Hundred of Somerton.[10][11] It was, briefly, the county town of Somerset from the late thirteenth century into the early fourteenth century.[12] A building referred to as "Somerset castle" is believed to have been built around 1280 as a county gaol,[13] with a visitor in 1579 describing the remaining portion as "an old tower embattled about castle-like".[14] It was owned by Sir Ralph Cromwell between 1423 and 1433.[15] Details are vague and visible remains have vanished,[16] so its status as a castle and its very existence is in doubt, with one writer, D.J.C. King, feeling that people were confusing it with Somerton Castle in Lincolnshire.[13]
The Abbots of Muchelney Abbey held the Rectorship of the parish church of Somerton during the Middle Ages. They built a tithe barn, to house the tithes of crops and produce paid by the parish to the town's Rector.[17] The Abbey was dissolved in 1539 during the English Reformation, and the tithes and the tithe barn passed into the ownership of Bristol Cathedral. In the 20th century the barn was converted into private housing.[17][18]
Disused radio station built by the Marconi Company around 1925
Glove making was a major industry in the town in the early nineteenth century, along with the production of rope and twine.[19] The Somerton Brewery, owned by a local landowner named Thomas Templeman, was first recorded under the Tithe Apportionment Act of 1841.[20] The brewery became a large producer in Somerset until its final closure around 1935.[21] Before the National Insurance and the Health Service was introduced, Somerton Men's Club acted as a local provident society within the area.[22]Gypsum was extracted by hand at the Hurcott open-cast mine from the Victorian era up until it closed down in 1953.[23] In 1906, a railway station opened on the Castle Cary Cut-Off which was built by the Great Western Railway. Whilst the line still remains in use, the station was closed in 1962.[24] When the Marconi Company built the radio stations known as the Imperial Wireless Chain for the Post Office during 1925–26, they also established their own transmitting station at Dorchester with a receiving station 30 miles (48 km) away at Somerton.[25]
Somerton was hit by four Luftwaffe bombs on the morning of 29 September 1942 during the Second World War. The bombs were aimed at the Cow and Gate milk factory and it was largely destroyed. Ten nearby houses were badly damaged. Nine people were killed and thirty seven injured.[26] A memorial at the dairy site commemorates those killed.[27]
Somerton also is home to large properties, like The Lynch Country House, a Grade II listed building, built in 1812 and St Michael's and All Angels Church.
Governance
The town council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The town council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic.[28] The town council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.[29]
In October 2009, eleven of the local councillors resigned en masse,[30] citing excessive criticism from local residents and in particular criticism from a hostile local weblog.[31] In February 2012 the External Auditor appointed by the Audit Commission published a critical Report in the Public Interest regarding the activities of Somerton Town Council in the fiscal year 2008 to 2009.[32]
Somerton is in the electoral ward of Wessex[35] and whilst it is by far the most populous area, the ward stretches north to Compton Dundon. The total population of the ward taken from the 2011 census was 5,402.[36]
Somerton is situated on a plateau, above and to the south of the deep valley of the River Cary. The river flows west and then north through the Somerton Moor and then into King's Sedgemoor Drain on the Somerset Levels eventually joining the River Parrett near Bridgwater.[37] The town is 116 miles (187 km) from London, 28 miles (45 km) south from Bristol and 9 miles (14 km) north-west from Yeovil, just off the Dorset border. Somerton's hamlets include Etsome, Hurcot, Lower Somerton, Littleton and Midney.[38]Great Breach Wood is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and is situated just 1.4 miles (2.3 km) north-east from Somerton, near the hamlet of Littleton.[39]
Somerton's climate is typical of the climate of south-west England which is usually cool winters with warmer summers and precipitation all year round, with more rain experienced in winter.[40]
The Somerton parish had a population of 4,706 as of 2002.[1] In the 1801 census the population of the town was 1,145 and the first half of the 19th century saw strong growth (reflecting that seen elsewhere in England during this period), with the population rising to 2,140 in 1851. It however then began to drop, starting with a significant drop to 1,917 by the 1861 census. The population steadily fell until 1921, before steadily rising thereafter. It was not until 1961 that the population of Somerton had risen above its former population of 1851. The population has since continued to steadily increase.[41]
Economy
A weekly market has been held in Somerton for much of its history. The cloth industry dominated the town's market from the 17th century until the 20th century, when agriculture took over as the leading industry.[42] Some light industries and services, such as garage repair, physiotherapy, water treatment, and builders and decorators, are located in the business park on Bancombe Road.[43][44]
Landmarks
The Butter Cross which was rebuilt in 1673The Old Town Hall which dates to circa 1688
The main square, Market Place, with its market cross is today an attractive location for visitors.[45] Market crosses have stood in the square since before 1390; the present Butter Cross, a roofed market cross, was rebuilt in 1673, and is Somerton's most noted feature.[46] The structure was the property of the Earls of Ilchester who sold it to the town in 1916.[47] It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.[48] Next to the Butter Cross stands the Old Town Hall.[5][49] Bordering the square are the church, and the Lady Smith Memorial Hall, also known as the "Parish Rooms", which was built in 1902,[50] and named after Frances (nee Pinney), the late wife of Sir John Smith, who had died in 1895.[51]
The 17th century Market House is now a restaurant.[52] The Red Lion was opened by the Earl of Ilchester in 1768 as a model coaching inn. It closed in 1995; after a period of neglect it has been redeveloped as town houses.[53][54]
From the early 1980s onwards projects aiming to improve Somerton for film industry purposes have been undertaken.[55] The market square was heavily revamped, creating a central parking area with easy access to the local amenities.[56] The BBC drama The Monocled Mutineer was filmed in Somerton from 1985 to 1986.[4]
Somerton Court
Somerton Court was originally known as "Somerton Erleigh". The house has had various owners including Edward IV's brother, the Duke of Clarence, and Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland, who sold the estate in 1530.[57] It passed through a number of hands until 1597 when it was purchased by James Fisher, whose son later rebuilt it in 1641.[58] The court remained in the Fisher family's possession until 1808 when it was sold. Its new owner renamed the house "Somerton Court", and replaced the gableddormers with Gothicbattlements and turrets.[59] The house was later enlarged by the Hall-Stephenson family.[60] During World War II it was occupied by Royal Navy WRENS. In the 1970s it was purchased by a local businessman Stuart Pattemore. In 1987 Somerton Court and the estate of 55 acres (22 ha) and 4 cottages including The Dower House was purchased by Roger Byron-Collins when it was subject to extensive upgrading and extensions. It was resold in 2005. The Dower House was built in the early 19th century.[61] The house now stands in 55 acres (22 ha) grounds.[62]
The closest main road from Somerton is the A303 road that runs near the town and stretches all the way into northern Hampshire and finally joins the M3 motorway near Basingstoke.[65] The minor B3165 road runs through the town although the road is less commonly used and does not join to the A303 for another 4 miles (6 km).[66] Two B roads, the B3153 and B3165, run through Somerton; the B3165, mentioned earlier, starts in the town and runs southwards to the A372 Langport road.[66] The A372 itself runs south-east to the junction of the A303 and A37 roads at Podimore services.[65] The B3151 is also nearby, connecting Somerton with Street and Glastonbury to the north, and Ilchester to the south, and thus the A303 and A37 as well. The M5 motorway is around 17 miles (27 km) away at junction 23 (Bridgwater).
Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West and ITV West Country. Television signals are received from the Mendip TV transmitter. [67]
The Church of England parish church, St Michael and All Angels, has origins which date from the 13th century, with a major reshaping in the mid 15th century, and further restoration in 1889. It is built of local lias stone cut and squared, with Hamstone dressing. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building.[70]
The church is notable for a carved roof, with lions and a small cider barrel purportedly carved by the monks of Muchelney Abbey.[70] Sir John Betjeman was also inspired by an inscription on the candelabra. The church is quite plain on the outside but inside is one of the finest wooden carved roofs in the county. It is shallow pitched with massive, richly decorated tie beams and short king posts. The whole area of the roof is divided into square carved panels set in the framework of the structural timbers which are decorated with carved bosses where they intersect.[71] There are 640 panels each carved with the same quatrefoil design.[70] In the triangular spaces above each beam are dragon-like beasts.[72] It is said there are bullet holes in the timbers, caused by soldiers who camped in the church in 1646 before the Battle of Langport.[71] The 17th century pulpit and altar table are Jacobean woodwork.[71]
There are five other churches in the town, including Methodist and Catholic groups.[73]
Education
A grammar school in Somerton was first founded in the 1570s, and later was endowed as the Somerton Free Grammar School. In 1903, it became Somerton Free Church of England School, before merging with Montclefe in 1963. Monteclefe National School was founded in 1851 by the Pinney family of Somerton Erleigh.[51]
Somerton Infants School and Monteclefe CEVA Junior school merged in September 2014 to form King Ina Academy, with Somerton Roundabout Preschool also amalgamating with the school, with the ultimate aim of having one building for the whole academy. Currently the institution is still based on two sites, however applications have been submitted to the Department of Education to be granted permission to build a new, one-building free school for King Ina Academy on one of three possible sites, all of which are situated in the western outskirts of the town.[74]
^A. P. Baggs; R. J. E. Bush; Margaret Tomlinson (1974). R. W. Dunning (ed.). "Somerton hundred". A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 3. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
^A. P. Baggs; R. J. E. Bush; Margaret Tomlinson (1974). R. W. Dunning (ed.). "Parishes: Somerton". A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 3. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
^Richardson, Miranda. "Somerton"(PDF). English Heritage Extensive Urban Survey. Somerset County Council. p. 13. Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
^A. P. Baggs; R. J. E. Bush; Margaret Tomlinson (1974). R. W. Dunning (ed.). "Parishes: Somerton". A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 3. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
^A. P. Baggs; R. J. E. Bush; Margaret Tomlinson (1974). R. W. Dunning (ed.). "Parishes: Somerton". A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 3. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
