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((More citations needed|date=December 2009))
((Italics title))
'''''Sonata da chiesa''''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: "church sonata") is a 17th-century genre of musical composition for one or more melody instruments and is regarded an antecedent of later forms of 18th century instrumental music.<ref name="Kirby1984">((cite journal|last1=Kirby|first1=F.E.|title=The Germanic symphony in the eighteenth century: Bridge to the romantic era|journal=Journal of Musicological Research|volume=5|issue=1–3|year=1984|pages=51–83|issn=0141-1896|doi=10.1080/01411898408574545))</ref> It generally comprises four movements, typically a [[Tempo#Basic tempo markings|largo]] [[Prelude (music)|prelude]] followed by a [[Fugue|fugal]] [[Tempo#Basic tempo markings|allegro]], an expressive slow movement, and an allegro [[Finale (music)|finale]], although there are also many variations of this pattern.<ref>Grove Music Online: Sonata da chiesa, https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26196</ref>

During the 17th century, church services were increasingly accompanied by music for ensembles rather than solo organ, with [[Canzona|canzonas]] and [[Sonata|sonatas]] regularly substituted for the [[Proper (liturgy)|Proper]] during [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] and [[Vespers]].<ref>Grove Music Online: Sonata da chiesa, https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26196</ref> Many of these works, however, were not written explicitly as [[liturgical music]] and were often performed as concert pieces for entertainment. The term ''sonata da chiesa'' was originally used in its literal meaning of "church music", but later came to be used figuratively to contrast this genre of composition with the ''[[sonata da camera]]'', which literally meant "chamber music", but generally comprised a suite of dances.<ref>Apel, Willi, with Thomas Binkley, ed., ''Italian Violin Music of the Seventeenth Century'', p. 9, Indiana University Press, 1990</ref>

The exemplary works in this form are by [[Arcangelo Corelli]], whose Op. 1 (1681) and Op. 3 (1689) each consist of 12 [[Trio sonata|trio sonatas]] with alternating slow-fast-slow-fast movements (the first 8 of the [[Twelve concerti grossi, Op. 6 (Corelli)|''Twelve concerti grossi'', Op. 6]], follow this pattern as well). This four movement scheme is followed in J. S. Bach's [[Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin (Bach)|three sonatas for unaccompanied violin]], in the first five of his [[Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019|six sonatas for violin and obbligato harpsichord]] and in the first two of his [[Sonatas for viola da gamba and harpsichord (Bach)|three sonatas for viola da gamba and obbligato harpsichord]].<ref name="Brilliant">Violin Sonatas (CD 19–20): "Liner notes" by Clemens Romijn p.&nbsp;13, and "Full tracklist" pp.&nbsp;155–56 in [http://www.brilliantclassics.com/media/1119359/94940-JS-Bach-Complete-Edition-Liner-Notes-Sung-Text-download.pdf ''J. S. Bach Complete Edition: Liner notes, sung texts, full tracklist''.] [[Brilliant Classics]], August 2014 (re-release).</ref>

After 1700, composers tended to merge the ''sonata da chiesa'' with the ''sonata da camera''.((citation needed|date=September 2020)) By the mid-18th century, however, this style of music was increasingly out of date, although [[Joseph Haydn]], for example, did compose a few early symphonies that followed the largo–allegro–minuet–allegro pattern.<ref>See Haydn's Symphonies [[Symphony No. 5 (Haydn)|5]], [[Symphony No. 11 (Haydn)|11]], [[Symphony No. 21 (Haydn)|21]], [[Symphony No. 22 (Haydn)|22]], [[Symphony No. 34 (Haydn)|34]], [[Symphony No. 49 (Haydn)|49]]</ref>

[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] also composed [[Church Sonatas (Mozart)|17 works that are called "church sonatas"]], but these consisted of but a single movement for organ and strings to be played between the [[Mass in the Catholic Church#Structure of Mass|Epistle]] and the [[Mass in the Catholic Church#Structure of Mass|Gospel]] of the Mass.<ref>Zaslaw, Neal, with Cowdery, William eds., ''The Compleat Mozart: A Guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart'', p. 109-112, New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1990, ((ISBN|0-393-02886-0))</ref>

==Notes==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
* ((cite journal|last= Bonta|first= Stephen|title= The Uses of the Sonata da Chiesa |journal= [[Journal of the American Musicological Society]]|volume=22|issue=1|pages=54-84|date= Spring 1969|doi= 10.2307/830812))

((Sonatas))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Sonata Da Chiesa))
[[Category:Sonatas|Chiesa]]
[[Category:Baroque music]]

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