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'''Sonic Studio''' is an American company manufacturing digital audio production tools for engineering professionals. The company was created when [[Sonic Solutions]] divested itself of its audio product lines in order to concentrate on [[DVD]] and multimedia–oriented products.

== History ==

=== Overview ===

Under the auspices of Sonic Solutions, the Sonic Studio audio workstation has driven the professional production and delivery of commercial Compact Discs. The original “Sonic System” pioneered the desktop delivery of [[Red Book (audio CD standard)|Red Book]] masters on recordable [[CD-R|CD]], in the same way that the original [[Macintosh]] and [[LaserWriter]] spawned the [[desktop publishing]] [[revolution]]. Prior to the introduction of the Sonic System, Compact Disc were assembled and [[Compact disc manufacturing#Premastering|premastered]] using bulky, expensive and unreliable U-matic [[videotape]]–based systems.

=== Early years ===

The Sonic System began life as research into real–time, computer–based audio production. The [[Audio Signal Processor]] (or ASP) hardware–based audio signal processor, designed by [[James A. Moorer]], after work on the Hydra audio project at Stanford University’s [[CCRMA]], was a proof of concept for what is now considered a [[digital audio workstation]]. The ASP's design<ref>[[#Reference-Rubin-2005|(Rubin 2005, pp. 198)]]</ref> started life in 1980 and was designed primarily for real–time, multichannel [[Equalization (audio)|EQ]] and [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|mixing]]. [[SoundDroid]],<ref>[[#Reference-Rubin-2005|(Rubin 2005, pp. 444&ndash;446)]]</ref> an in–house project of [[Lucasfilm|Lucasfilm Ltd.]]’s [[Skywalker Sound|Sprocket Systems]] that was later spun off as part of [[The Droid Works]], was a hard disk–based, [[Non-linear editing system|non–linear]], second generation digital audio workstation that leveraged the research done on the ASP. Though the [[SoundDroid]] project was never commercialized and The Droid Works was later sold to [[Avid Technology|Avid]], the audio development team went on to first create the NoNOISE restoration system in 1987, hosted on a [[Motorola]]–powered [[Sun Microsystems|SUN 1]],<ref>[[#Reference-Rubin-2005|(Rubin 2005, pp. 435)]]</ref> the first true, general purpose computer “workstation,” which had been developed in cooperation with Lucasfilm.<ref>[[#Reference-Rubin-2005|(Rubin 2005, pp. 168&ndash;169)]]</ref> The SUN ran [[Unix|UNIX]], developed by [[Bell Labs]] and refined at [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]]. Sonic Studio’s current flagship product run on [[Mac OS X|macOS]], a modern version of that same UNIX variant, [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD Unix]], that powered the original SUN workstation.

After evaluating the cost and complexity of their SUNs, the Sonic team decided to tap a new platform, [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer]]’s [[Macintosh II]], also powered by a Motorola 68000, to create the first production version of the Sonic Station later that year.<ref>((cite web |url=http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/sonic-solutions-nonoise-090106 |title=1987 Sonic Solutions NoNoise |website=mixonline.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324111811/http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/sonic-solutions-nonoise-090106 |archive-date=2008-03-24)) </ref> By 1988, the Sonic Station was in service at [[Abbey Road Studios|EMI Abbey Road]] and Finesplice in London, and MCA in California, performing “miraculous” feats of restoration and starting a trend of mining back catalog that continues to this day. That first system employed a dedicated [[NuBus]] hardware co–processor, with 4 Motorola 56000–series [[Digital signal processor|Digital Signal Processors]] (DSP), beginning a trend that continued through seven generations of hardware.

Demand grew for a turnkey Compact Disc preparation system and, in 1990 with the addition of the world’s first CD-R product, [[Sony]]’s $30,000, two piece, E-1/W-1 Compact Disc-Recordable system in conjunction with [[START Lab Inc.|START Lab]]’s new media, the complete Sonic System was born. After a few years of development, the product was renamed “SonicStudio” and development continues to this day.

=== Present day ===

In 2002, Sonic Solutions decided to divest themselves of their original audio product line. To concentrate solely on the DVD content creation market, they formed a joint venture and, in 2004, that business was transferred to Big Endian, LLC to carry on the development, sales, and support of Sonic Solutions’ audio workstation products.

Based in San Anselmo California, Sonic Studio, LLC continues to manufacture products that address the needs of the world’s most discriminating audio professionals with powerful PCM and DSD origination, editing and processing capabilities, and integrated premastering for both CD, SACD and rich media distribution. Sonic Studio’s NoNOISE noise and distortion reduction tools and streamlined workflow have allowed the product lines to remain at the forefront of [[Audio restoration|restoration]] for DVD post–production and archival re–release.

=== Pioneering work ===

Over the years, development of the product lines have resulted in many breakthroughs now considered commonplace in the professional audio community. Some of the features and technologies brought to the pro audio market by Sonic Studio’s forebears include:

* graphical digital [[waveform]] displays<ref>[[#Reference-Rubin-2005|(Rubin 2005, pp. 444)]]</ref>
* 24 bit [[AES/EBU|AES]] digital I/O
* SDIF-2 digital I/O
* 4–point editing model, borrowed from videotape editing paradigm
* integrated, 9 pin machine control
* integrated digital restoration tools
* multitasking DSP
* integrated “desktop” CD preparation
* the [[PMCD|PreMaster CD]] delivery format
* ultra–high speed data network with multiuser, file–level read/write [[#Reference-Anderson-1993|(Anderson 1993)]]
* 96&nbsp;kHz & 192&nbsp;kHz, single and double wire AES I/O support
* double precision internal signal processing [[#Reference-Moorer-1999|(Moorer 1999)]]
* integrated [[DVD-Audio]] & [[Super Audio CD|SACD]] production [[#Reference-Moorer-1998|(Moorer 1998)]]

==References==
((Reflist))

===Notations===
* Moorer, James A; (1982). ''The Audio Signal Processor: The Next Step in Digital Audio''. New York: Audio Engineering Society. [http://www.aes.org Preprint Number: Rye-020]
* Moorer, James A.; Borish, Jeffrey; Snell, John; (1985). ''A Gate-Array Multiplier for Digital Audio Processing''. New York: Audio Engineering Society. [http://www.aes.org Preprint Number: 2243]
* Moorer, James A.; Borish, Jeffrey; (1986). ''An Optical Disk Recording, Archiving, and Editing Device for Digital Audio Signal Processing''. New York: Audio Engineering Society. [http://www.aes.org Preprint Number: 2376]
* Lawrence M. Fisher; (1988). ''Removing the Static From Old Recordings''. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE1DF113DF932A15751C1A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all The New York Times]
* Cumming, David P.; Moorer, James A.; Ogawa, H.; Ishiguro, T.; Nakajima, Hisashi; (1990). ''CD Mastering Using a Recordable -Red Book Standard- CD and Graphical PQ Subcode Editing''. New York: Audio Engineering Society. [http://www.aes.org Preprint Number: 3006]
* Reichbach, Jonathan D.; Kemmerer, Richard A.; (1992). ''SoundWorks: An Object-Oriented Distributed System for Digital Sound''. New York: IEEE. [http://www.sonicstudio.com/pdf/papers/IEEE_SoundWorks.pdf 0018-9162/92/0300-0025]
* ((wikicite | id= Anderson1993 | reference= Anderson, David P.; Moorer, James A.; Roth, James M; (1993). ''Performance Issues in Digital Audio Networks''. New York: Audio Engineering Society. http://www.aes.org Preprint Number: 3734. ))
* Moorer, James A; (1996). ''Breaking the Sound Barrier: Mastering at 96 kHz and Beyond''. New York: Audio Engineering Society. [http://www.aes.org Preprint Number: 4357]
* [[TEC Awards#TECnology Hall of Fame|TECnology Hall of Fame]]; (1997). ''1997 TEC Awards''. Penton Media Inc. [http://mixonline.com/images/archive/tecawards/past/1997.html Mix Magazine]
* ((wikicite | id= Moorer1998 | reference= Moorer, James A.; Nishio, Ayataka; Ogura, Yasuhiro; (1998). ''A Native Stereo Editing System for Direct-Stream Digital''. New York: Audio Engineering Society. http://www.aes.org Preprint Number: 4719. ))
* ((wikicite | id= Moorer1999 | reference= Moorer, James A.; (1999). ''48-Bit Integer Processing Beats 32-Bit Floating Point for Professional Audio: Applications''. New York: Audio Engineering Society. http://www.aes.org Preprint Number: 5038. ))
* Jacobson, Linda; (2004). ''Silicon Audio''. Penton Media Inc. [http://bg.mixonline.com/ar/audio_silicon_audio/ Mix Magazine]
* ((wikicite | id= Rubin2005 | reference= Rubin, Michael; (2005). ''Droidmaker: George Lucas and the Digital Revolution''. Gainesville: Triad Publishing Company. ((ISBN|0-937404-67-5)). ))
* TECnology Hall of Fame; (2006). ''1987 Sonic Solutions NoNoise''. Penton Media Inc. [http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/sonic-solutions-nonoise-090106 Mix Magazine]

== External links ==
* [http://www.sonicstudio.com Web site]
* Resume of [http://www.jamminpower.com/main/resume.jsp Dr. J.A. Moorer]

[[Category:Electronics companies of the United States]]

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