The name derives from the Arabic word souk which means "market", and the Chaoui Berber word ahra (plural ahras) which means "lion", in reference to the Barbary lions which existed in the neighboring forests until their extinction in 1930; hence Souk Ahras means "market of lions" (see also Oran (Wahran) and Tahert for names with a related etymology).
The old name of the Numidian city of Thagaste derives from the Berber Thagoust, which means the bag, given that the site of the town is located at the foot of a mountain surrounded by three peaks in the form of a bag containing the city. Subsequently, when the Arabic language appeared in the region it was called Soukara. In other sources it is cited as the Palace of the African, according to Al-Masudi.
History
Prehistory
The town of Souk Ahras, as its region, was home to people of the Aterian culture from the end of the Middle Palaeolithic to the early upper Palaeolithic Ages. After the Aterian, Souk Ahras was inhabited by people of the Capsian culture. Many stone tools dating to this period have been discovered. Stemmed arrows were found on the site of present-day Souk Ahras, but also in Tiffech and Taoura, not far from it.
Antiquity
It was the birthplace of Augustine of Hippo (born 13 November 354 CE), son of Saint Monica of Hippo, who later became the Bishop of Hippo and Saint Augustine.[3] Souk Ahras (Thagaste) has played an important role in the political and cultural history of the region because of its strategic position at the crossroads of Numide, Ancient Roman, and Berber civilizations. It was the location of military fortifications (Madaure, Tiffech, Khemissa, etc.) and urban centers.
The Numidian city of Thagaste or Tagaste, on whose ruins Souk Ahras was built, was situated in the north-eastern highlands of Numidia. It was about 100 km (60 miles) from Hippo Regius, (present day Annaba), 32 km (20 miles) southwest of Thubursicum (present day Khamissa), and about 240 km (150 miles) from Carthage (on the coast of present-day Tunisia).
Thagaste became a Romanmunicipium.[4] The city was mentioned by Pliny the Elder. As a municipium, Thagaste was not settled by Roman Italian immigrants, but was inhabited by Romanized native Berbers.[5]
Modern era
In 1830 Souk Ahras became a colonial settlement of French Algeria (1830–1962). In the late 19th century connection via the Algerian Railway, and in the 20th century iron ore and phosphate mining brought some modern significance and prosperity to the town.
The town of Souk Ahras is located in a basin surrounded by wooded mountains as the Djebel Beni Salah or Djebel Ouled Moumen.
Souk Ahras is crossed by a major North African river, the Medjerda.
Three dams exist in the region of Souk Ahras, that of Ain-Edalia supplies the town of Souk Ahras and its region with 76 million cubic metres (2.7 billion cubic feet). The dams of Oued Charef and Djedra, provide a capacity of 153 and 35 million cubic metres (5.4 and 1.2 billion cubic feet), respectively. Dam Djedra is intended to supply the town of Souk Ahras with a quantity of 12 and 35 million cubic metres (420 and 1,240 million cubic feet) of potable water, while 2 million cubic metres (71 million cubic feet) will be pumped for irrigation.
Former city hall of Souk Ahras, now used as a municipal theatre
Souk Ahras
Hamma-Loulou
An-Nasser
Diar Ezzarga
1er Novembre 1954
5 Juillet
17 Octobre
20 Août
26 Avril 1958
El-Allaouia
Ibn Rochd
Kouicem Abdelhak
Sidi Messaoud
Sidi Okba
Et-Tagtaguia
Climate
Souk Ahras has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classificationCsa) with warm summers and mild winters. Its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea aids in moderating the city's temperatures. As a result, Souk Ahras usually does not see the extreme temperatures that are experienced in the adjacent interior deserts. The climate of Souk Ahras, like that of other Atlas cities, features wet winters and dry summers. Souk Ahras on average receives roughly 840.74 mm (33.10 inches) of precipitation per year, the bulk of which is seen between October and April.
The inhabitants of the town of Souk Ahras are of Berber origin. They are mainly from the different regions of the wilaya of Souk Ahras and neighboring wilayas. The first tribes having established in Souk Ahras were known as the Papiria,[7] or Babiria from the name of Berber. They were composed of Causses and Syliactae.[8]
The tribes of Mousoulami, Kirina, Hnanchas, Hrakta have also lived here, all of them having Berber origins. These tribes lived in tents and practiced nomadism. They have established later and founded respective cities for themselves, including the town of Souk Ahras.
Demographic evolution of Souk Ahras (Source: World Gazzetter link, Recensement 1948 pdf)
Year
1901
1926
1948
1954
1960
1966
1974
1977
1987
1998
2010
Population
7,500
10,600
17,025
20,700
22,800
34,400
52,100
57,173
80,015
115,882
157,329
Tourism
Cheikh Bourogaa, Algerian Folklorist 1950s to 1970s.
Tourism in Souk Ahras focuses largely on a variety of historical and natural sites. In recent years it has become a destination for culture and health tourism. Souk Ahras, is one of the most beautiful cities in Algeria, especially in the spring and winter, attracting many tourists. Landmarks include the Al-Aman mosque, the Thagaste bridge in the center of the city, the olive tree of St. Augustine, the corner of Sidi Massoud, and the cultural center.
Souk Ahras is located in the east of Algeria, near the border with Tunisia. It is 600 km (370 miles) away from Algiers. It is one of the largest and oldest cities in Algeria and is 90 km (56 miles) from Annaba and its airport.
^A municipium was an existing city on which the citizenship had been conferred, while a colony was a new foundation or a community to which Roman settlers had been added
^Nacéra Benseddik, Thagaste. Souk Ahras, ville natale de saint Augustin, Ed. Inas, Alger, 2005, p.25
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