| Soyarabai | |
|---|---|
| Maharani of the Maratha Empire | |
| Born | ca. 1634 |
| Died | ca.1681 CE |
| Spouse | Shivaji(m.1650-1680) |
| Issue |
|
Soyarabai Bhosale (née Mohite; died 1681) was second wife of Shivaji, the founder of Maratha empire in western India. She was mother of Shivaji's second son, Rajaram. She was the younger sister of Maratha army chief Hambirrao Mohite.
Soyarabai was the daughter of Sambhaji Mohite, whose sister Tukabai was the second wife of Shahaji. The precise date of Soyarabai's marriage to Shivaji is unclear, but various sources give the years as 1642, 1650 and 1660.[1] [2] In all probability, Soyarabai was married before 1650.[3] The marriage took place when Shivaji visited his father Shahaji at Bangalore with his mother Jijabai. Tukabai, the stepmother of Shivaji and paternal aunt of Soyarabai, insisted on the marriage.
After the death of Jijabai in 1674, Soyarabai gained prominence in Shivaji's family and, by extension, in the politics of the Maratha court.[4] Soyrabai bore Shivaji two children: a daughter Balibai and son Rajaram.[citation needed]
Contemporary Maratha court chronicles such as Parmananda relate that, in initial phases, Soyarabai herself was against the court ministers performing the coronation of her son Rajaram. Sambhaji is recorded as testifying that, "the ministers of Shivaji were against him (Sambhaji). They poisoned the mind of Empress Soyarabai by saying that the eldest son of Shivaji (Sambhaji) should not be allowed to inherit the throne".[5][6] Sambhaji was not informed of Shivaji's death by these ministers, and he was absent at Raigad when Shivaji was cremated. After Shivaji's death in 1680, with the help of those treacherous courtiers, Soyarabai finally got her son, the ten-year-old prince Rajaram, seated on the vacant throne on 21 April 1680.[7] Her stepson and Shivaji's heir apparent Sambhaji, was able to remove Rajaram and Soyarabai from power with the help of Soyarabai's own brother and the Maratha army commander Sarsenapati Hambirrao Mohite. He imprisoned the courtiers opposing him and formally assumed power as the Chhatrapati on 20 July 1680.[8] Soyarabai's henchmen tried to poison Sambhaji in August 1681, but he survived and executed the criminals, installing their sons on their posts instead.
In a letter dated 27 Oct 1681, written by British Bombay council to Surat, they claim that "Ramrajah's Mother (Soyra Bai) is dead by report, poisoned by Shambhuji Rajah's contrivance "[9] This has been declared a myth by various reputed scholars such as Dr. Sadashiv Shivade and Vasudeo Sitaram Bendrey, as Soyarabai died a year and a half after this date of her alleged murder and was cremated by Chhatrapati Sambhaji himself.[10][11]
After Sambhaji's death at the hands of the Mughals, Rajaram did become the next Chhatrapati, carrying forward the continuous war of the Marathas against the Mughals.
