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((Short description|18th century English toll road))((Multiple issues|
((More citations needed|date=October 2019))
((More footnotes|date=October 2019))
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((Use dmy dates|date=December 2016))
((Use British English|date=December 2016))
[[File:Bowles-watford-tring-1782.jpg|thumb|250px|Strip-map of the turnpike from Bowles's [[Post Chaise]] Companion (1782)]]

'''Sparrows Herne Turnpike Road ''' from [[London]] to [[Aylesbury]] was an 18th-century English [[toll road]] passing through [[Watford]] and [[Hemel Hempstead]]. The route was approximately that of the original [[A41 road]]; the [[Edgware Road]], through Watford, [[Kings Langley]], [[Apsley, Hertfordshire|Apsley]], the [[Boxmoor]] area of Hemel Hempstead, [[Berkhamsted]], [[Northchurch]], [[Cow Roast]] and [[Tring]]. Much of this part is now numbered the [[A4251 road]]. It linked in with other turnpikes to the north forming a route to [[Birmingham]].

The [[turnpike trust]] was set up in 1762 by around 300 landed gentry to look after about 26 miles of road between Sparrows Herne near Bushey and Walton near Aylesbury. It was the turnpike's depot at Sparrows Herne which gave the road its name. 

The frequent use of the route by heavy carts carrying grain to London made it notorious for its rutted and pitted state even after being made into a turnpike.

The turnpike survived the coming of the [[railway]]s until 1872,<ref>((cite book|last=Nunn|first=JB|title=The Book of Watford|publisher=Pageprint (Watford) Ltd|location=Watford|year=1987|isbn=0-9511777-1-0))</ref> when it passed to the route's various parishes and highway boards to maintain and the tolls were removed.

==Description==
[[File:Sparrows Herne Trust marker, by Bushey Arches - geograph.org.uk - 4803063.jpg|thumb|Sparrows Herne Trust marker, by Bushey Arches]]The original turnpike gates were: 
*Watford Gate at the bottom of Chalk Hill.<ref>[https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1250997 Sparrow Herne Trust Turnpike Marker, Lower High Street, Watford], ''Images of England'', [[English Heritage]] National Monuments Record.</ref>
*Ridge Lane Gate on the north side of [[Watford]].
*New Ground Gate just to the south of [[Tring]] near New Ground Farm,
*Veeches Farm Gate, west of [[Aston Clinton]] &ndash; this was moved to [[Aylesbury]] in 1827 after the road was extended.
*The top of Tring Hill in 1860.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1429654&resourceID=8|title=Turnpike Post Opposite Brook Street|website=Heritage Gateway|accessdate=6 August 2019))</ref>

Brick toll houses for these gates were built at a cost of around £25 each. Tollkeepers were appointed and paid 10s/6d a week for which they had to man the gate day and night and from which money they had to pay for the oil for the nighttime illumination of the gates with lamps.

In 1762, the maximum rate for tolls were:
*Horse or beast drawing a coach - 3d
*Packhorse (laden) - 1½d
*Drove of oxen, cows etc. - 10d per score
*Drove of sheep, calves, swine - 5d per score.

==References==
((reflist))

*Humphreys, A. L. 'Records of Turnpike Trusts : Sparrows Herne'. in Notes and Queries, 180 (1941), 211-13.
*Littlefair, K.   The Life of the Sparrows Herne Turnpike Trust 1762–1873 (1968 Dissertation, University of Exeter)

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070507045335/http://www.watford-history.co.uk/eraoftransport.html Transport] At Watford History
*[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22453 Edgware] At British Online History
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070704034845/http://www.castlewharf.com/drifters/image_drift/Carp_canal_walk_leaflet.pdf The Chiltern Canal Corridor] Castle Wharf project Berkhamsted. Accessed April 2007
*[http://www.hertfordshire-genealogy.co.uk/data/maps/bowles-strip-1782.htm Strip Map from London to Aylesbury], ''Bowles's Post Chaise Companion'', 1782.

((coord|51.7495|-0.5343|dim:30000_region:GB|display=title))

((DEFAULTSORT:Sparrows Herne Turnpike))
[[Category:Turnpike roads in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Transport in Hertfordshire]]
[[Category:History of Hertfordshire]]
[[Category:Dacorum]]

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