Sports in the New York metropolitan area have a long and distinguished history.
The New York metropolitan area is one of only two metropolitan areas (along with Los Angeles) in the United States with more than one team in each of the country's four most popular major professional sports leagues, with nine such franchises. Counting these along with its two teams in Major League Soccer, the New York metropolitan area and media market is home to a total of 11 organizations competing in the five most prestigious professional sports leagues in the United States, and have been crowned champions of their respective leagues on a combined 54 occasions. As of 2019, five of the Metropolitan Area's nine "Big Four" franchises play their full schedules within the New York City limits. Football, baseball and basketball are the city's most-followed sports.[1]
In addition, Queens is host of tennis' US Open, one of the four Grand Slam tournaments. The New York City Marathon is the world's largest, and the 2004–2006 runnings hold the top three places in the marathons with the largest number of finishers, including 37,866 finishers in 2006.[2] The Millrose Games is an annual track and field meet whose featured event is the Wanamaker Mile. Boxing is also a very prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at Madison Square Garden each year.
Fans gather in front of New York City Hall in October, 1986 to celebrate the New York Mets' World Series championship
There have been 14 World Series baseball championship series between New York City teams, in matchups called Subway Series. New York is one of four metropolitan areas to have two baseball teams (Chicago, Los Angeles and San Francisco being the others). The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Yankees and the New York Mets. The city also was once home to the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants) and the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angeles Dodgers). There are also one minor league baseball teams in the city, the Brooklyn Cyclones, with numerous independent minor league teams throughout the metro area.
Basketball is one of the most widely played recreation sports in the city, and professional basketball is also widely followed. The city's National Basketball Association teams are the long-established New York Knicks and the Brooklyn Nets, who became the first sports team representing Brooklyn in over 50 years when they moved to the borough from New Jersey for the 2012–13 NBA season. The city's Women's National Basketball Association team is the New York Liberty. The first national basketball championship for major colleges, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938,[3] and its semifinal and final rounds remain in the city.[4]Rucker Park in Harlem is a celebrated court where many professional athletes play in the summer league. Because of the city's strong historical connections with both professional and college basketball, the New York Knicks' home arena, Madison Square Garden, is often called the "Mecca of basketball."[5][6][7]
Regardless of where they actually play their home games, most of these teams carry the name of and represent the entire city or State of New York, except for the NBA's Brooklyn Nets, who play in and specifically represent the New York City borough of Brooklyn, and the NHL's New Jersey Devils, who have played their home games in New Jersey since their founding. The New York Red Bulls (MLS founding franchise originally named the "New York/New Jersey MetroStars")–who have also always played in New Jersey–were the only major professional soccer team representing the metropolitan area during their first 19 seasons, and the region's second MLS club, New York City FC, deliberately staked its identity to actually playing in the city, drawing its colors from the city flag and even featuring the flag itself on its uniforms.[10][11] The area's women's soccer club, NJ/NY Gotham FC, also uses the two sets of initials as the MetroStars once did, although listing New Jersey first (the governor of New Jersey is the club's primary owner).[12]
Professional soccer, as in the rest of the country, is rapidly growing in popularity in New York. The New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer (originally known as the "MetroStars" until the team's purchase by Austrian corporation Red Bull GmbH in 2006) have played in the metropolitan area since the league's founding in 1996. Since 2010 they have played at Red Bull Arena, a soccer-specific stadium in Harrison, New Jersey with a capacity of just over 25,000.[13] The Red Bulls have won the Supporters' Shield, awarded to the team with the best regular season record, on three occasions, most recently in 2018.
On May 21, 2013, MLS announced that the league's 20th team would be New York City FC, jointly owned by the English club Manchester City F.C. and the New York Yankees. They began playing in MLS in 2015 at Yankee Stadium, in the Bronx and became the first New York City area team to win the MLS Cup in 2021. After a ten-year campaign to build a soccer-specific stadium within the five boroughs of New York City, the club announced in November 2022 that they had a deal to build a privately-funded 25,000-seat stadium in the Willets Point neighborhood of Queens.[14] The new stadium will be the centerpiece of a 23-acre redevelopment project in the former industrial area, including a 250-room hotel, 2,500 affordable housing units, retail space and a public elementary school.[15]
The New York City area was once home to the New York Cosmos (1970–1984), which was arguably the most popular American soccer team ever.[16] Playing in the FIFA-backed, major professional North American Soccer League (NASL), the Cosmos were known for fielding some of the world's greatest players including Pelé, Franz Beckenbauer, Carlos Alberto Torres, Johan Neeskens, and Giorgio Chinaglia. The acquisition of these foreign players, particularly Pelé, made the Cosmos into what Gavin Newsham called "the most glamorous team in world football", and contributed to the development of soccer across the United States. The club won the Soccer Bowl five times: 1972, 1977, 1978, 1980, and 1982. Soccer Bowl '78, which was held at Giants Stadium, saw a record crowd of 74,091 – the highest attendance to date for any club soccer championship in the United States. Cosmos road trips, described by traveling secretary Steve Marshall as "like traveling with the Rolling Stones", saw the team pack out each stadium it visited, while at home, the team attracted numerous high-profile celebrity supporters. While soccer had previously been largely ignored by the American press, the Cosmos and other NASL teams now became regular fixtures on the back pages.[17] The NASL collapsed abruptly in late 1984, and was not replaced by a new professional soccer league until Major League Soccer's first season in 1996. A feature-length documentary about the New York club, called Once in a Lifetime: The Extraordinary Story of the New York Cosmos, was released in theaters in 2006. The film, narrated by Matt Dillon, featured interviews with many of the players and personalities involved with the team.[18][19][20]
A third-division club based in Brooklyn, Brooklyn FC, is scheduled to begin play in USL League 1 in 2025.
NJ/NY Gotham FC, known before 2021 as Sky Blue FC, is one of the eight charter teams and nine current members of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), the third women's professional league in the US. Since 2020, Gotham has shared Red Bull Arena with the New York Red Bulls. The organization had previously been charter members of NWSL's effective predecessor, Women's Professional Soccer. The league started play in 2009; Sky Blue became the league's inaugural champion despite finishing fourth in the league during the regular season, which meant that they had to play on the road in all three WPS playoff games. The defunct New York Power was the region's first professional women's soccer team, playing in the Women's United Soccer Association from 2000 to 2003.
In New York, baseball is still regarded as the most popular sport, despite being overtaken by football in terms of perceived popularity (but not attendance) throughout the country, as based on TV ratings and consistent fan following for the entire season.[citation needed] New York is home to two Major League Baseball franchises. The New York Yankees of the American League have played in New York since 1903. Known for iconic ballplayers such as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra and countless others, they play in Yankee Stadium in the Bronx and have won the World Series 27 times, the most victories by any team in the four major North American professional sports leagues. The New York Mets have represented New York in the National League since 1962. The Mets play in Citi Field in Flushing, Queens and have won five NL pennants and two World Series, thus making them one of the most decorated expansion teams in Major League Baseball. The "Subway Series" is the name used for all regular season and World Series meetings between the two teams. Before interleague play was introduced in 1997, the only instance these two teams could have played each other would have been in the World Series. The Mets and Yankees played for the World Series in 2000, with the Yankees winning the series 4–1.
For many New York baseball fans, the most intense rivalry is between the Yankees and the Boston Red Sox, arguably the fiercest and most historic in North American professional sports.[25][26][27] When the Mets beat the Red Sox in the 1986 World Series, many Yankee fans attended the parade celebrating the Mets' win, saying that "anyone who beats Boston is worth coming down for."[28]
There have been 14 Subway Series World Series match-ups between the Yankees and their National League rivals; the Mets (once), and with the two teams that departed for California in the 1950s — the Brooklyn Dodgers (7 times) and New York Giants (6 times).
Two historical clubs, the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants, were among the most storied clubs in professional baseball, and were home to such players as Jackie Robinson and Willie Mays. The two teams left for California—the Dodgers for Los Angeles and the Giants for San Francisco—in 1957. The city currently has two Major League Baseball teams, the Mets (who were formed in 1962 to replace the Dodgers and the Giants), and the Yankees.
Major League Baseball's headquarters are located in New York City, at 245 Park Avenue in Manhattan.[32]
The first national basketball championship for major colleges, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938, and its semifinal and final rounds remain at Madison Square Garden. The NIT has spawned a major early-season tournament known as the NIT Season Tip-Off; the semifinal and final rounds of that event are also held at the Garden.
The Nets began playing in Brooklyn in 2012, the first major professional sports team to play in the historic borough in half a century. Before the merger of the defunct American Basketball Association with the NBA during the 1976–77 season, the New York Nets, who shared the same home arena (Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum) on Long Island with the NHL's New York Islanders, were a two-time champion in the ABA and starred the famous Hall of Fame forward Julius Erving. During the first season of the merger (1976–77), the Nets continued to play on Long Island, although Erving's contract had by then been sold to the Philadelphia 76ers. The Nets transferred to New Jersey then next season and became known as the New Jersey Nets, and later moved to Brooklyn prior to the 2012–13 NBA season.
The New York Liberty are one of the original teams of the WNBA, which was formed in 1997. The team's main venue moved from Madison Square Garden to Westchester County Center after the 2017 season, and then to Barclays Center after the 2019 season. During a massive renovation project at the Garden between 2011 and 2013, the Liberty temporarily played their home games at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey.
From 1933 to 1935, Newark had a team in the American Basketball League. It its first season it was known as the Newark Bears, and in its second and final season the Newark Mules.
Since 2010 both the New York Giants and the New York Jets play in MetLife Stadium in nearby East Rutherford, New Jersey, 5 miles from New York City. In 2014 the stadium hosted Super Bowl XLVIII. The Giants and Jets were previously located in New York City; both teams played in the Polo Grounds (Manhattan) and Shea Stadium (Queens), and the Giants played in Yankee Stadium (the Bronx). Neither team plays in the city itself presently, as both teams are located in the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey, playing in Giants Stadium for many years before moving to MetLife Stadium. The Giants, a keystone NFL franchise, were founded in 1925, and exist today as one of the oldest presently active organizations in the NFL. Founded in 1960, the originally named New York Titans, later branded as the Jets in 1963, were a charter member of the American Football League (AFL), joining the NFL as part of the AFL/NFL merger in 1970.
New York City also had many historical professional teams. The first professional team in New York was called both the New York Giants and Brooklyn Giants (unrelated to the current New York Giants), and played in the predecessor to the NFL, the American Professional Football Association, in 1921. In 1926, the New York Yankees, Newark Bears (AFL) and Brooklyn Horsemen played in the American Football League, and on the same year, the Brooklyn Lions played in the National Football League before the Horsemen and Lions merged in November and folded at season's end. The Lions' NFL franchise rights were given to the Yankees, who competed in the NFL from 1927 to 1928. When the Yankees folded, its rights were given to the existing barnstorming team Staten Island Stapletons, who played in the NFL until 1932 when it stopped league play and later folded as well.
In 1930, the NFL Brooklyn Dodgers began play at Ebbets Field. The team lasted until 1944, calling themselves the Brooklyn Tigers that last season but going winless. In 1945, the team was merged with the Boston Yanks and played one more home game in Brooklyn that season as the Yanks.
Another team going by the name New York Yankees played in the second AFL in 1936 and 1937. The league also had a Brooklyn Tigers club in 1936, but the team never played in Brooklyn and folded after only seven games. A third incarnation of the Yankees played in the third AFL in 1940 under the Yankees name, and then in 1941 as the New York Americans. Another version of the New York Yankees was a short-lived member of the American Association
The New York Bulldogs were founded in 1949, sharing the Polo Grounds with the New York Giants, and then being renamed as the New York Yanks and playing in the NFL in the 1950 and 1951 seasons. In 1952, the team was relocated to Texas and renamed as the Dallas Texans.
In 1988, the New York Knights played for one season as part of the Arena Football League, and then ceased operations. In 1997, the AFL added two expansion franchises, the New York CityHawks, who played at Madison Square Garden, and the New Jersey Red Dogs, who played in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The CityHawks moved to Hartford, Connecticut and were renamed the New England Sea Wolves in 1999, and then relocated to Toronto in 2001, and renamed the Toronto Phantoms. The Red Dogs were renamed the New Jersey Gladiators in 2001, then relocated and became the Las Vegas Gladiators in 2003, before relocating again and being renamed the Cleveland Gladiators. When the Sea Wolves, who were owned by the Madison Square Garden Company and had their games televised in New York City on MSG Network, relocated to Toronto, the AFL's Iowa Barnstormers relocated to Long Island and were renamed the New York Dragons. The Dragons played in New York until 2008, when the league suspended operations; no team from New York (either the city or the state) played in the league from its 2010 revival until the Albany Empire, based in the state's capital, joined the AFL in 2018.
The Jets are sometimes regarded as "Long Island's Team" supported by the fact that until 2008, the team trained in Hempstead at Hofstra University, and used to play at Shea Stadium (former home of the New York Mets baseball team) which is close to Nassau County. Statistically, the largest percentage of the Jets fanbase derives from Long Island, hence, the Jets generally receive more media coverage in that part of New York.[34] Fans of both the Giants and Jets traditionally root for both the New York Yankees and the New York Mets as well as both the New York Knicks and the Brooklyn Nets of the NBA and also both the New York Rangers and the New York Islanders of the NHL.
Two attempts by Vince McMahon at creating a competing football league, both named the XFL, have been attempted in the New York metropolitan area. The first XFL league was created as a joint venture between World Wrestling Entertainment and NBC[35] in 2001, had the New York/New Jersey Hitmen playing at Giants Stadium for the only season they played before the league folded. The New York/New Jersey Hitmen finished in third for the XFL Eastern Division for the season they played.[36] In 2020, the New York Guardians of the newly revived XFL began playing at MetLife Stadium.[37] After the XFL filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on April 13, 2020,[38] citing the premature suspension of their season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Guardians moved to Orlando, Florida and the league no longer has a New York team.
Along with New York's two NFL teams, the New York metropolitan area is home to the New York Sharks women's football team. The New York Sharks are NYC's premier professional women's tackle football team. Established in 1999 the Sharks are the longest-running and most decorated team in women's tackle football having won 3 conference titles (2002, 2003, 2004 IWFL East), 6 division titles (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 IWFL) and two championship titles (2002 IWFL, 2018 WFA). The Sharks play at many fields and have no official home stadium. The season for women's football is from April to June with playoffs and the championship game occurring from June to July. As of 2011 the Sharks are now with the WFA (Women's Football Alliance [2]) along with the Bay Area Bandits, Boston Militia, Chicago Force, Dallas Diamonds, DC Divas, Kansas City Tribe, Pittsburgh Passion, and the San Diego Surge in an effort to bring together the best franchises of women's football.
The NFL's headquarters are located in New York City, at 345 Park Avenue in Manhattan.[39]
Ice hockey has a storied history and large following in the New York metropolitan area, which is unique in being the only metropolitan area and media market in the United States and Canada to feature three major league professional teams participating in the same sport. New York City is represented by the New York Rangers, playing at Madison Square Garden in Manhattan. The New York Islanders play at UBS Arena in the Nassau County community of Elmont. The New Jersey Devils play at Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. The metropolitan area's three NHL franchises have won the Stanley Cup a combined eleven times, and they are historically division rivals with high levels of intensity and animosity among and between their respective fans, having played in the same division every season since the Devils relocated to the New Jersey Meadowlands from Denver in 1982. Currently, they play in the Metropolitan Division.
The Rangers, established in 1926, are one of the Original Six — a term given to the six NHL teams in existence before the league doubled its size in 1967. The primary fan base for the Rangers is in the city's five boroughs, Westchester County, much of Upstate New York, and parts of Connecticut, however they maintain a sizable following within parts of the market claimed by their two local rivals.
The Islanders, established in 1972, opened the new UBS Arena, adjacent to Belmont Park and immediately across the Cross Island Parkway from Queens, for the 2021–22 season. The Islanders provide their fans with an intense rivalry with the Rangers, most of whom are based in Nassau and Suffolk Counties on Long Island. The chosen location of their new home also includes a new full-time Long Island Rail Road station at Elmont, providing direct access from Penn Station and other points both in New York City and out east on Long Island. This has the effect of connecting all three area NHL franchises with a single transfer at Manhattan's Penn Station (located beneath Madison Square Garden) necessary to reach Newark Penn Station (two blocks from the Devils' Prudential Center) from Elmont.
The Devils, who moved from Denver, Colorado to New Jersey in 1982, provide area hockey fans with yet another intense rivalry involving the Rangers largely stemming from geographic proximity, a manifestation of a long-standing rivalry between the states of New York and New Jersey. Both teams have achieved famous results for their respective fan bases in playoff meetings, including the 1994 Eastern Conference Finals, ending in a dramatic double-overtime goal by the Rangers' Stéphane Matteau during the 7th and deciding game. The Devils took a 3–2 series lead into Game 6 in New Jersey and jumped out to a 2–0 lead in the game. However, Mark Messier's famous guarantee and hat-trick led the Rangers to victory and a seventh game. As time wound down in Game 7, the Rangers were clinging to a 1–0 lead when New Jersey's Valeri Zelepukin tied the game with 7.7 seconds left in regulation to silence the Garden crowd and send the game into overtime, where Matteau won it for the Rangers. In the 2012 Eastern Conference Finals, the Rangers would be in a very similar scenario, but would ultimately fail to overcome the 3–2 series deficit after trailing 2-0 and forcing overtime in Game 6 across the Hudson River at Prudential Center in Newark on a series-winning goal only 1:03 into overtime by Adam Henrique. As of their most recent meeting in 2023's First Round in which the Devils rallied to win in seven games after recovering from a 0–2 series deficit, the Devils and Rangers have met seven times in the playoffs, with the first three series won by the Rangers, and three of the last four series won by the Devils. The Devils' primary fan base resides throughout Northern and Central New Jersey, specifically areas of the state coterminous with the New York media and sports market where the MSG networks (which serve as the television home for all three area hockey teams) are available.
The Islanders and Rangers had a bitter rivalry in the 1970s and the 1980s, as the Islanders won four consecutive Stanley Cup titles; the Rangers won their most recent NHL championship in the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals, the fourth Cup victory in that team's history. The two teams have met eight times in the playoffs, with the Islanders winning five of those matchups. Incidentally, as the Islanders and Devils have had little success simultaneously (the Devils’ Stanley Cup success occurred in the mid-late 1990s and early 2000s) throughout their respective histories and have faced off in the playoffs only once in the 1987-88 season in a series won by the Devils, this rivalry is perceived as an afterthought in the area particularly when compared to the Rangers’ rivalries with the Islanders and Devils.
The Metropolitan Riveters, established in 2015, were one of the four charter members of the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL). They played home games in the Barnabas Health Hockey House at the Prudential Center in Newark beginning with the 2016–17 NWHL season.[40] In 2017, the Riveters announced they were partnering with the New Jersey Devils, becoming the first NWHL team to officially partner with an NHL team. In 2018, the Riveters won the Isobel Cup title. The NWHL, which rebranded as the Premier Hockey Federation in 2021, was purchased and dissolved in 2023 as part of an effort to create a new, unified North American women's professional league.[41] This meant that the Riveters folded; however, New York was granted one of six charter franchises in the new Professional Women's Hockey League.[42][43]PWHL New York debuted on January 1, 2024, winning the league's inaugural game.[44]
New York City also had a historical NHL team, the New York Americans (also known as the Amerks, and in 1941–42, the Brooklyn Americans), who played between 1925 and 1942. Predating the Rangers by one season, they were the first hockey team to play in the city, and for most of the life of the franchise shared Madison Square Garden with the Rangers. The franchise was never a big winner, and disbanded during World War II due to financial problems and a depleted roster. The World Hockey Association team called the New York Raiders and later the New York Golden Blades played at Madison Square Garden and Cherry Hill, New Jersey from 1972 until 1974 when they moved to San Diego. A few historical minor league hockey teams played in the New York area in the Eastern Hockey League. The New York Rovers started as a farm team of the Rangers in 1935 playing at Madison Square Garden. They moved to the Long Island Arena in 1959 and became the Long Island Ducks (ice hockey) until 1973. The New York Bobcats are a USA Hockey-Sanctioned Tier III Junior Ice Hockey Team at Twin Rinks in Eisenhower Park from 2000 to the present. The New York Apple Core are a Tier III Junior A Ice Hockey Team in Brewster, New York.
The 2000s saw almost a complete revamping of the area's major sporting venues. This began in 2007, when the Devils moved to Newark, New Jersey, and opened the Prudential Center. In 2009, both the Mets and Yankees opened new baseball stadiums adjacent to their old homes, with the Mets replacing Shea Stadium with Citi Field and the Yankees building a new Yankee Stadium. In 2010, the Jets and Giants moved to a new shared facility called New Meadowlands Stadium (now MetLife Stadium) and the Red Bulls opened their own soccer-specific stadium in Harrison, New Jersey, called Red Bull Arena (the three had previously shared Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey). In 2012, the Nets moved from New Jersey to the Barclays Center in Brooklyn and became the Brooklyn Nets. The Islanders left Nassau County, and followed the Nets into Brooklyn in 2015 before returning to a new location in Nassau County in 2021.
Other sports-related renovations and construction work is as follows:
Madison Square Garden, the home of the Knicks and Rangers, underwent a massive renovation from 2010 to 2013 which finished in time for the 2013–14 NHL and NBA seasons. The $850 million transformation included a rebuilding of the seating bowl and concourses, new luxury suites, new LED scoreboard and ribbon boards, and two new spectator bridges that span 65 feet (20 m) above the arena on each side of the playing surface.
On August 15, 2013, the Nassau County government announced that Forest City Ratner had won the bid for the renovation of the Nassau Coliseum, which was vacated by the Islanders in 2015, pending approval from the Nassau legislature and the Hempstead town government.[46][47] Ratner's proposal called for a reduction of the Coliseum's seating capacity to 13,000 and an aesthetic revamp of the arena's interior and concrete facade designed by SHoP Architects, the firm which designed the Barclays Center, which would cost the group approximately $89 million. As part of his bid, the Islanders would play 6 games per season in the arena, the Brooklyn Nets would play one exhibition game, and a minor league hockey team would call the arena home.[48][49]
Previously Major League Soccer was spearheading the search for a new soccer-specific stadium within city limits for use by the 20th MLS expansion team. After narrowing the locations down to six, amongst them being Pier 40 in Manhattan, Greenpoint in Brooklyn and the area near Citi Field in Queens, the league zeroed in on the dilapidated Fountain of Industry site in Flushing Meadows Corona Park, Queens in June 2012.[50] The site was also previously discussed as a possible location for the New York Jets to build a stadium after their West Side Stadium project fell through, but the Jets opted to remain in New Jersey instead.[51] However, the Flushing site faced opposition from local communities regarding the usage of park space, as well as the New York Mets, who play nearby, and the project was discarded.[52] The New York City FC expansion team took over the stadium search after its founding, and after looking at locations in the Bronx the club eventually secured Willets Point, Queens, just north of Flushing Meadows Corona Park, for its stadium site.[53][15] The new stadium is expected to open in 2027.[54]
The Islanders eventually returned to Nassau County in 2021 with the opening of UBS Arena adjacent to the Belmont Park horse racing track in Elmont.[55]
Minor league sports
Current minor league teams
The following New York metropolitan area sports teams play in a lower level professional sports leagues in the United States:
The sport of boxing came to the United States from England in the late 1700s and took root in the 1800s mainly in large urban areas such as Boston, New York City, and New Orleans. Initially boxing was viewed as illegal and many fights and fighters operated in secrecy to avoid arrest. The New York state legislature passed “An act to prevent Prize Fighting” in 1859.[56] With the law, the act of boxing was not illegal in itself, but fighting for prize money was against public decency.
Most boxing matches of the early 1800s were conducted under the London Prize Ring Rules, which were based on a set of rules documented by English boxer Jack Broughton in 1743. A change in the rules occurred in the 1860s when Welsh sportsman John Graham Chambers wrote rules based on the use of padded gloves and got aristocrat and sportsman John Douglas, who held the title of the Marquess of Queensberry, to promote the Marquess of Queensberry Rules. The new rules came into use in the United States in the 1880s.[57]
John L. Sullivan became the first American heavyweight champion in 1882 under the bare-knuckle rules and again in 1892 he became the first heavyweight champion of the gloved era. Sullivan trained for his initial heavyweight championship in Belfast, New York. By the end of the 19th century America was becoming the center of professional boxing. The sports economic incentive rose as popularity brought larger purses and commercial success. Sullivan's championships initiated a period of over 100 years of American dominance in the heavyweight class.[58]
Boxing was again being banned in America in the early 1900s, and was mostly outlawed in New York state. A loophole allowed fights to take place in athletic clubs, so many bars became on-the-fly athletic clubs in order to host matches.[59] The Walker Law, passed in 1920, regulated boxing in the state of New York. The law reestablished legal boxing following the three-year ban created by the repeal of the Frawley Law. On December 14, 1920, Jack Dempsey, the heavyweight champion, appeared at Madison Square Garden, knocking out Bill Brennam in the 12th round. The fight drew one of the largest crowds the arena had experienced in that period.[60]
In 2018, Newsday selected the 10 most notable fights that took place in New York:
Jack Dempsey KO 2 Luis Ángel Firpo, Sept. 14, 1923, Polo Grounds. Dempsey's fifth title defense; over 80,000 watched him defeat the Argentinian.
James J. Braddock W 15 Max Baer, June 13, 1935, Madison Square Garden Bowl. Braddock, a 10-1 underdog, defeated the heavyweight champion.
Joe Louis KO 1 Max Schmeling, June 22, 1938, Yankee Stadium. World War II on the horizon, the second fight between Louis and the German Schmeling is remembered as one of the major sports events of the 20th century.
Joe Louis KO 13 Billy Conn, June 18, 1941, Polo Grounds. Behind after 12 rounds, Louis rallied to win.
Rocky Marciano TKO 8 Joe Louis, Oct. 26, 1951, Madison Square Garden. Marciano, who was 27, defeated Louis, who was 37.
Floyd Patterson KO 5 Ingemar Johansson, June 20, 1960, Polo Grounds. Patterson became the first former heavyweight champion in history to regain his title.
Joe Frazier W 15 Muhammad Ali, March 8, 1971, Madison Square Garden. The fight was billed as “The Fight of the Century”.
Muhammad Ali W 15 Ken Norton, Sept. 28, 1976, Yankee Stadium. The third fight of their trilogy.
Lennox Lewis draws with Evander Holyfield, March 13, 1999, Madison Square Garden. A heavyweight title unification bout between WBA-IBF champion Holyfield and WBC champion Lewis.
Deontay Wilder KO 9 Artur Szpilka, Jan. 16, 2016, Barclays Center. Brooklyn had not hosted a heavyweight title fight in 115 years.[61]
Other fights of note include:
Sugar Ray Robinson unanimous decision over Jake LaMotta, October 2, 1942, Madison Square Garden
Joey Maxim KO of Sugar Ray Robinson, June 24, 1952, Yankee Stadium
Marciano's Last Fight (vs. Archie Moore), September 21, 1955
Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier, January 28, 1974, Madison Square Garden
Mike Tyson's First MSG Fight (vs. Mitch Green), May 20, 1986, Madison Square Garden
Bernard “The Exeuctioner” Hopkins defeated Félix Trinidad for the Undisputed Middleweight Championship, September 29, 2001, Madison Square Garden.[62]
The Daily News Golden Gloves Tournament started in 1927 when The New York Daily News took title and ownership of a citywide amateur boxing tournament with matches taking place at Madison Square Garden.
The first film ever made outdoors in New York was produced in 1895. Woodville Latham and his sons Otway and Gray Latham had invented the Eidoloscope projector, running very crudely like a film projector today. The Latham brothers had debuted test images to the press. But their real test of this device was to film something live and then display it a short time later. So on May 4, 1895, the brothers filmed a boxing match on the rooftop of Madison Square Garden, then on 27rd Street and Madison Avenue. The competitors were ‘Battling’ Charles Barnett and Young Griffo, a legendary Australian boxer.[63]
Cricket
The Staten Island Cricket Club, established in 1872,[64] is the oldest continuously operating cricket club in the United States.[65][66] The New York Metropolitan Cricket League (MCL), established in 1890, is one of the oldest cricket leagues in the country. The MCL conducts matches in Staten Island, Brooklyn, and Nassau County.[67]
Weekly races were held in suburban roads, including Pelham Parkway in the Bronx. The biggest races were in inner city locations, notably at the original Madison Square Garden which had been designed for cycle racing and at the time was located adjacent to Madison Square. The Olympic sport, Madison Racing, is named after cycle races that became popular at Madison Square Garden.[citation needed]
Other clubs in the city include Brooklyn Bridge Fencing Club, Brooklyn Fencing Center, New York Fencing Academy, Sheridan Fencing Academy, South Brooklyn Fencing Center, Staten Island Fencing Center, Tim Morehouse Fencing Club, Woodside Fencing Center.[72]
On July 13, 1905, Isaac Mackie, the head professional at Fox Hills Golf Course on Staten Island, won an Open Tournament at the Van Cortlandt Park Golf Course, shooting 152 and holding off joint second-place finishers Willie Anderson and Bernard Nicholls who finished at 157. It was the first ever professional tournament held on a public golf course in the United States.[78]
From 1897 to 1933 an Ivy League school won the men's college golf national championship. Consequentially, many New York metropolitan golf courses have hosted the NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship including: Ardsley Country Club, Garden City Golf Club, Morris County Golf Club, Nassau Country Club, The Apawamis Club, Essex County Country Club, Baltusrol Golf Club (Old Course), Greenwich Country Club, Siwanoy Country Club, Deal Golf and Country Club, Springdale Golf Club (Princeton University), and The Shawnee Inn & Golf Resort (Composite).
One of the most unique golf courses in the area was the Governors Island Golf Course due to its views of the Brooklyn and the Manhattan skyline, with the Statue of Liberty as a backdrop. It was considered the only golf course in Manhattan as the island is technically part of the borough. Golf was played on Governors Island from 1903 through 1996. In 2006 over $1 million was spent to temporarily restore green complexes abandoned in 1996 and an 18-hole course was routed for a charity event that also promoted the island's opportunities. The Manhattan Golf Classic was conducted in October of that year. The event was billed as the "first ever professional golf tournament in the history of New York City", although Fresh Meadow Country Club, when it was in Queens had hosted two major championships in the 1930s, and Van Cortland Park Golf Course in The Bronx and the Fox Hills Golf Course on Staten Island had conducted professional events in the early 1900s.
Horse racing in the United States dates back to 1665, with the establishment of the New Market course in Salisbury, New York. Salisbury was a section of what is now known as Hempstead Plains, near Greater Westbury and East Garden City in Nassau County on Long Island.[79] New Market was the first regulated form of horse racing in North America. The races were facilitated and supervised by New York's colonial governor, Richard Nicolls, and race winners were awarded with the first known sporting trophies in the country.[80][81]
In 1824, as regional rivalries in the country were growing, the Union Course in Woodhaven, Queens offered a $24,000 prize for a race between top thoroughbreds American Eclipse, from the North, and Sir Henry, from the South. It is believed that the race between Eclipse and Sir Henry was America's first national sporting event.[82][83]
Major New York metropolitan racetracks, listed by the year they were opened:
In 1908, the New York State Legislature approved the Hart–Agnew Law, which banned gambling at racetracks. Some tracks shut down permanently, but later a court ruled that oral betting was legal as the law only covered bookmakers, so activity continued. In 1955 the non-profit New York Racing Association (originally the Greater New York Association) was founded.
Belmont Park's mile-and-a-half main track is the longest dirt Thoroughbred race course in North America,[85] and it has the sport's largest grandstand. Belmont Park hosts the Belmont Stakes, an American Grade I stakes Thoroughbred horse race held each June. The Belmont Stakes is the third leg of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing in the United States.
Lacrosse
Long Island seems to have a vast amount of elite lacrosse talent and the ability to develop top players. If you hear about a great lacrosse player, chances are that player has ties to Long Island. In 2002 more than one-third (4 of 11) of the players on the NCAA Division I All-American First Team came from Long Island high schools, with 16 Long Islanders honored overall. In the same year, the NCAA Division II All-American list was virtually all Long Islanders and nearly every NCAA Division I, II and III lacrosse team had at least one player from the area. In 2002 at the NCAA Division I championships, three of the four men's teams were coached by a Long Islander and all four had a Long Islander as a captain.
By some accounts, lacrosse was almost as big as baseball in New York City in the first decade of the 20th century. After learning the game in New York City and moving to Long Island, Jason Stranahan started the first high school lacrosse program at Manhasset High School in 1933; football Hall of Famer Jim Brown played lacrosse at Manhasset and is considered by some as the greatest lacrosse player of all time. By the 1950s, the sport was embedded across Nassau County but had still failed to reach Suffolk County. Huntington High School fielded that county's first varsity team in 1957. In the 1960s, there was a large migration to Long Island which resulted in high schools hiring a sizable number of teachers and coaches that coincidentally had college lacrosse backgrounds and the desire to build powerful programs.[86]
In December 2018 it was announced that professional indoor lacrosse would begin play in 2019 on Long Island. The New York Riptide were the 13th team to join the National Lacrosse League. Games are played in NYCB Live's Nassau Coliseum.[87]
Motor sports
Vanderbilt Cup race start, 1905
In 1904, auto enthusiast and railroad heir William Kissam Vanderbilt II organized an auto race on the public roads of Long Island. The prize, a massive silver cup from the Tiffany studio, known as the Vanderbilt Cup, attracted top racers from Mercedes, Packard, and Fiat. The race took place on country roads with hundreds of spectators watching cars go by at speeds close to 100 miles per hour. In 1906, several spectators were killed when a car went off the road. Vanderbilt responded quickly by building a 45-mile private highway. Races resumed in 1908, but another accident killed spectators in 1910 making organizers abandon the Long Island course for good. The Vanderbilt Cup returned in 1936 and 1937 at Roosevelt Raceway in Westbury, Long Island. The 1937 race was one of the greatest races in New York State's history, featuring the only pre-WWII appearance of the German racing team in the United States. Legendary driver Ralph DePalma served as the honorary starter for the race where the starting signal came from President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Hyde Park home via Western Union Telegraph.[88]
From 1953 until 1972 stock car races were held weekly from May until October at a 1/5th-mile asphalt racetrack on Staten Island. The local dairy, owned by the Weissglass family, financed promoter Gabe Rispoli with $700 so he could make improvements to an existing sporting facility that became known as Weissglass Stadium.[89][90]
Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) series held races at the Meadowlands from 1984 to 1991.
On September 21, 2016, the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), Formula E, and New York City government officials announced that the New York City ePrix would be held in July 2017 at the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal, with a track layout presented. The New York ePrix became the city's first automobile race since 1896. On July 15–16, 2017, the Formula E race was held in Red Hook, Brooklyn. It was the first FIA-sanctioned race to be held in New York City. Sam Bird won both races.
There was a plan by the International Speedway Corporation (ISC) to build an 82,000-seat speedway[93] on Staten Island that would host National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) races by 2010. The ISC abandoned the plan in 2006 citing financial concerns, and sold the 676 acre parcel in 2013.[94] Another speedway project was proposed for the Meadowlands (Liberty Speedway) but discussions were abandoned in the early 2000s. Plans called for a Formula One race known as the Grand Prix of America, to be held on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River, were scheduled to start in 2014, but those plans have been postponed indefinitely. The race was to be held on the Port Imperial Street Circuit, a 3.2-mile (5.1 km) circuit to be built using existing streets in Weehawken and West New York around Weehawken Port Imperial.
Polo
Polo, considered by some to be world's oldest team sport, has a long history in the New York area, especially on Long Island.
In 1876, James Gordon Bennett, a noted American publisher, introduced the sport of polo to New York City. He organized the first polo match in the United States at Dickel's Riding Academy at 39th Street and Fifth Avenue. In the spring of 1876, a group of polo players established the first formal American polo club, the Westchester Polo Club, in New York. On May 13, 1876, the Jerome Park Racetrack in Westchester County was the site of the first American outdoor polo match. The Westchester Polo Club alternated their playing seasons between New York and Rhode Island before making Newport their permanent home.[95]
The Meadowbrook Polo Club is among the most historic polo clubs in the United States with its roots dating back to 1877 when Thomas Hitchcock Sr., Oliver W. Bird, August Belmont, Benjamin Nicoll, and their associates participated in the first polo match on Long Island. The polo match was played on the infield of the racetrack of the Mineola Fair Grounds. The Meadowbrook Polo Club, originally located in East Meadow and Jericho and currently located in Old Westbury, was formally incorporated in 1881. The Meadowbrook Polo Club's first polo field was created in 1884, leading to Long Island's role as "Polo Capital of the World" during the 1920s and 1930s.
Besides Meadowbrook other polo clubs in the area include: Equuleus Polo Club, Shannon Hill Polo Club, Greenwich Polo Club, Princeton University Polo, Fairfield County Hunt Club, North Fork Polo Club. The Rockaway Hunting Club and Piping Rock Club are country clubs with polo fields and golf courses on Long Island.
Rowing
During the 19th century professional rowing (a.k.a. "crew" in America) was the most popular sport in the nation, and the waters around New York City were home to some of the most successful and popular competitors at the time. Amateurs also proliferated the area, and remain successful and influential in the sport, though professional rowing has been banned nationally for over a century because of corruption. Both college teams and clubs ply the traditionally popular Harlem River and other waters around the city. The Harlem River was the traditional rowing course for New York, analogous to the Charles River in Boston and the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia. On the Harlem's banks is the boathouse for the Columbia University crew, and the river is the home course for the university's crew. Since 1952, a large flat rock face, called the "(Big) C Rock" has been painted with Columbia's varsity "C".[96] The river is used by crews from New York University, Fordham University, and Manhattan College, though the only university with permanent facilities currently on the river is Columbia. Formerly, a number of boathouses lined the Sherman Creek inlet off the river, but each was destroyed by suspected arson over the course of the 1970s. The last boathouse before the 1990's Peter Jay Sharp Boathouse to be on the creek was the Fordham Boathouse, which burned in 1977.
The New York City Marathon is a foot race run over a 42.2 km (26.2 mi) course through the five boroughs of New York City. Next to the Boston Marathon, it is considered the preeminent long-distance running event in the United States. The race is conducted by the New York Road Runners organization and has been held annually since 1970 on the first Sunday of November. The marathon attracts top professional and amateur marathoners from all over the world. Due to the popularity of the event, participation is limited to 35,000 entrants chosen by a lottery system, with preference given to previous participants.
The Millrose Games is an indoor track and field meet that has been held on the first Friday in February at Madison Square Garden since the current site of the arena opened in 1968. The meet was conducted at previous versions of The Garden starting in 1914. In 2012 the Millrose Games were moved to the Armory in Upper Manhattan.[98] The games started when employees of the Wanamaker's department store formed the Millrose Track Club to hold a meet. The featured event is the Wanamaker Mile which was first conducted in 1926.
Van Cortlandt Park in The Bronx is a prominent site for cross-country running. The parks trails are some of the most utilized cross-country courses in the United States. Van Cortlandt is the venue for the annual IC4A or Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America (ICAAAA) cross country championships. The 1968 and 1969NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship was hosted by Manhattan College at Van Cortlandt. The distance for the championship race was 6 miles (9.7 kilometers).
The Ocean Breeze Track and Field Athletic Complex is a state-of-the-art indoor track and field facility in Ocean Breeze Park which is part of the South Beach section of Staten Island. On November 19, 2015, the complex became the first facility in the United States to be recognized as a certified International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) facility.[99] A project under Mayor Bloomberg's Design Excellence initiative, the athletic complex was designed as part of the PlaNYC 110-acre Ocean Breeze regional park.[100]
Tennis
Forest Hills tennis courts in Queens, New York in 1920
The U.S. Tennis Open is the fourth and final event of the Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held annually in late summer at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park in Queens. The main tournament consists of five championships: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles and mixed doubles, with additional tournaments for junior and wheelchair players.
The National Tennis Center, open to the public whenever the USTA is not holding an event, features the world's largest stadium built specifically for the sport, the 22,547-seat Arthur Ashe Stadium.
Other teams have represented the New York City metropolitan area in WTT in the past. The New York Sets, who changed their name to New York Apples in 1977, were a charter franchise of the league and played from 1974 to 1978. The Sets originally played their home matches at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum before splitting their home schedule between the Coliseum and Madison Square Garden. By the 1978 season, many home matches were played in the Felt Forum with those featuring marquee opponents played in the Garden's main arena. The franchise won the league championship in 1976 and 1977, and featured star players Billie Jean King, Virginia Wade, Sandy Mayer and Phil Dent. The two title-winning teams were coached by Fred Stolle. Following the 1978 season, the Apples announced they were folding. Soon afterward, WTT suspended operations, and there were no 1979 or 1980 seasons.
The New Jersey Stars joined WTT as an expansion franchise in 1987, playing their home matches in Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. The team went 0–14 in its inaugural season but, with a completely remade roster, reached the TeamTennis Final in 1988. Home matches were moved to Chatham Borough, New Jersey in 1989, when the team was led by Tracy Austin. The signing of Martina Navratilova in 1994 produced immediate results on the court as the Stars won the league title in both 1994 and 1995. However, the team was unable to build a fan base and relocated, as two-time defending WTT champions, to become the Delaware Smash for the 1996 season.
The New York Hamptons were added as a WTT expansion franchise in 2000, playing their home matches in East Quogue, New York. They moved to Amagansett in 2002. In 2003, Sportime NY became the team's majority owner. Home matches were moved to Mamaroneck in Westchester County, and the team's name was changed to the New York Sportimes. Led by Martina Hingis, the Sportimes won the 2005 WTT title. In 2009, the Sportimes moved to New York City, playing their home matches on Randall's Island. Before the 2011 season, the Sportimes merged with the New York Buzz, which had been based in the Capital District since 1995. Following the merger, the team played some of its home matches on Randall's Island and others in either Albany or Troy, New York. Following the 2013 season, the team was sold, and the new owner relocated it and renamed it the San Diego Aviators. Ironically, the Aviators won their first league title after relocation in New York City at Forest Hills Stadium, which was selected as the site for the 2016 WTT Final to welcome the expansion New York Empire to the league.
eSports
The New York Excelsior (NYXL) are an American professional Overwatch League (OWL) team representing New York City as one of 12 founding members of the Overwatch League. NYXL competes as a member of the league's Atlantic Division.
The New York Subliners are an American professional Call of Duty League (CDL) team based in New York City, announced as one of the first five cities to own a spot in the CDL.
Both NYCFC and the New York Red Bulls field players in eMLS, Major League Soccer's esports league.[103]
Other sports
The New York Rumble is one of eight professional Ultimate teams that compete in Major League Ultimate. The team played in the MLU's inaugural season in 2013.[104]
The Suffolk Sting are a professional inline hockey team and part of the PIHA. They play at the Rapid Fire Arena on Long Island.
The New Jersey Rockets played in the MISL with their home games in East Rutherford, New Jersey during the 1981–82 season. The Rockets filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code late in the season and folded shortly thereafter.
The Long Island Roller Rebels started in 2005 as a roller derby league featuring four teams: All Stars (A team), Rock-A-Betty Bruisers (B team), Ladies of Laceration, Wicked Wheelers and were aided by the Gotham Girls Roller Derby. They play in Old Bethpage.
Squash is organized by the New York Squash, formerly known as New York Metropolitan Squash Racquets Association, which was founded in 1924 and incorporated in 1932. This organization is a not for profit.[105]
There is a thriving field hockey competition in New York City,[citation needed] played predominantly by European and Commonwealth expats. The North East Field Hockey Association plays games at Columbia University, Hofstra University, DeWitt Clinton High School and Drew University. Teams from New York also regularly compete in indoor and outdoor tournaments around the country.
The New York Emperors Stickball League has nine stickball teams in New York City. Stickball, a street version of baseball, was popularized by youths in working-class Italian, German, and Irish neighborhoods in the 1930s.
College sports
Although the New York area is home to numerous colleges, many of which have rich athletic histories, college sports is a somewhat less visible part of the regional sports landscape.
The following NCAA Division I schools are located in the metropolitan area, as most broadly defined. The following details about the table should be noted:
Schools are in New York state unless otherwise indicated.
The "Conference" column includes each school's primary affiliation.
All affiliations listed here current as of the 2023–24 school year.
The "Football" column indicates the following:
Whether a school sponsors the sport at varsity level.
^More accurately, the Knights represent the university's Metropolitan Campus, which straddles Teaneck and Hackensack. FDU's Florham Campus, located in Madison, New Jersey, has a separate NCAA Division III athletic program.
^ abCAA Football is administered by the multi-sports Coastal Athletic Association, but is a separate legal entity.
^More accurately, the Scarlet Knights represent the school's main campus, Rutgers University–New Brunswick, which is divided between New Brunswick and Piscataway. Most of the athletic facilities are in Piscataway. The other two campuses of Rutgers, in Camden and Newark, have separate memberships in NCAA Division III.
Sports culture
Although in much of the rest of the country American football has surpassed baseball as the most popular professional sport, in New York, baseball arguably still stirs the most passion and interest. A championship win by any major sports team is considered to be worthy of the highest celebration, including a ticker-tape parade for the victorious team. In the past, ticker-tape parades have been held for the Yankees, Mets, Giants and Rangers. New Yorkers, however, tend to rally around any of the local teams who win (such as the 1994 Stanley Cup champions New York Rangers, or the 2007 New York Giants).
Rivalries
Due to their geographic locations, New York has intense sports rivalries with the cities of Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. in addition to the natural rivalries that exist between the area’s own teams.
Boston and New York teams have the most intense, heated, and beefiest rivalries in all of American sports. Decades before professional baseball became popular, New York and Boston claimed distinctive versions of bat-and-ball games. A variant of baseball known as The Massachusetts Game was played in New England in the 1850s, while New York teams played by the Knickerbocker Rules set up by Alexander Cartwright. The New York rules eventually became the basis for the modern sport of baseball.
In the first season of the Overwatch League the Philadelphia Fusion was the first team to beat the previously undefeated New York Excelsior in regular season play. Excelsior was a strong team throughout the season, bringing home two of the four stage titles and entering the post-season playoffs at the highest seed. However, in a surprise upset Philadelphia knocked New York out of the playoffs and went on to come in second place in the finals as both the first and last team to defeat New York in the 2018 season.[108]
The metropolitan area's three NHL teams tend to be primary rivals with one another, although they each have their own rivalry with the Flyers. Unlike baseball and football, the local teams in the New York area are in the same division and are therefore in direct competition with one another.
Sports teams in New York City and Washington, D.C. have long been strong rivals. The prominence of each city in America's media landscape has helped increase the notoriety of these rivalries, as has the fact that many teams in each city play in the same division.
The most historic sports rivalry between teams of these two cities is the rivalry between the New York Giants and the Washington Commanders in the National Football League. Both teams play in the Eastern division of the National Football Conference, meaning that they play against each other twice every regular season. Both teams are among the oldest and most successful in professional football. Their rivalry goes back to 1932, and has included some of the game's greatest players and coaches throughout the decades.
There is also a historic rivalry between the New York Red Bulls and D.C. United of Major League Soccer. Both teams are two of the oldest and most historic teams in the league, and their rivalry dates back to 1996, the league's inaugural season. Both teams play in the Eastern Conference. Their rivalry is known as the Atlantic Cup, which is also the name of the trophy awarded to the team that wins the matchup.
The Washington Nationals and New York Mets of Major League Baseball also share a rivalry. Though this rivalry is not as historic as the others mentioned here, the two compete in the NL East. This has naturally helped create a rivalry between the two teams since the Nationals moved to Washington, D.C. in 2005.
Olympic bids
New York and Los Angeles submitted bids to the USOC for the 1984 Summer Olympics. The USOC voted to submit Los Angeles' bid to the IOC, which was the only bid for those games. While Los Angeles secured the right to host the 1984 Summer Olympics, New York served as host of the 1984 Summer Paralympics.[109]
In 2005, New York City bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics, but lost to London. It was the first time the USOC submitted a bid from New York City to the IOC. Upon the USOC reaching a new revenue-sharing agreement with the IOC in May 2012, New York was mentioned as a potential candidate for the 2024 Summer Olympics,[110][111] but the city declined to submit a bid to the USOC. Los Angeles was selected as the American candidate for the 2024 Olympics and ultimately secured the right to host the 2028 Summer Olympics.
^The NAIA men's basketball tournament predates the NIT by one year, but it was established as a tournament for smaller schools, and the NAIA remains a governing body for smaller institutions.
^Morris, Ira K. (1900). Morris's memorial history of Staten Island. Vol. 2. Staten Island, New York: Memorial Pub. Co. p. 483. The Staten Island Cricket and Base Ball Club, had its grounds for many years at Camp Washington, or what may now be the ferry terminal. It was incorporated in 1866.
^"History". The Staten Island Cricket Club. May 25, 2009. Retrieved April 26, 2023.
^Metropolitan Golf Association; Dr. Quirin, William L. (1997). "The Golf Clubs of Long Island (and New York City)". Golf Clubs of the MGA. Elmsford, NY: Metropolitan Golf Association. p. 95. ISBN0-89204-590-6.
^"Golf at Saint Andrew's". standrewsgolfclub.com. The St. Andrews Golf Club. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
^"Archived copy"(PDF). www.etownraceway.com. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 18, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2022.((cite web)): CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^Sielski, Mike (April 17, 2021). "Sixers–Nets can be the Philly–New York rivalry NBA rivalry we've never had". Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1. The Sixers and Knicks haven't been good at the same time, and the Nets were just... eh. This season could change everything.
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