Spyridon Xyndas
Σπυρίδων Ξύνδας
Born
Spyridon Xyndas

June 8, 1812
Corfu, French ruled Ionian Islands
Died25 November 1896(1896-11-25) (aged 84)
Athens, Greece
Occupation(s)Composer, teacher

Spyridon Xyndas or Spiridione Xinda (Greek: Σπυρίδων Ξύνδας; June 8, 1812 – November 25, 1896)[1] was a Greek composer and virtuoso guitarist, whose last name has also been transliterated as "Xinta", "Xinda", "Xindas" and "Xyntas".[2]

Biography

Xyndas was born in Corfu in 1812. In 1823, he was a student of Nikolaos Mantzaros in music theory. After the completion of his studies in Corfu, he continued them in Naples and Milan under various teachers including Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli.[2] In 1840, he and Antonios Liveralis (Antonio Liberali, one more student of Mantzaros) were the only professional musicians to participate in the founding of the Philharmonic Society of Corfu, an institute in which Xyndas was to teach for several years.

In the 1840s, Xyndas began to compose concert arias and songs in demotic Greek, a contribution that eventually resulted to the creation of the opera called O ypopsifios (The Parliamentary Candidate) in 1867.[3] This was the first full-scale opera based on a libretto in Greek and the only one of Xyndas' operas that exists today.[4] The libretto was written by Ioannis Rinopulos (with contributions by Nikolaos Makris and Xyndas himself) and it was performed at the Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù. Its seemingly comic plot is a severe criticism regarding the living conditions of the Ionian Islands' rural society, against the morality of the indigenous politicians, both during the period under British occupation (1815–1864) and after it.[5]

Xyndas also composed other operatic works, the most notable of which was Anna Winter (based on Dumas' The Three Musketeers), which is the earliest use of a Dumas work in the modern Greek theatre.

The first page of 'Quinteto Finale' from Act III of the opera Anna Winter by Xyndas (composer's autograph). It is exhibited in the Music Museum of the Philhin armonic Society of Corfu.

The 1888, the success of his 'Candidate' Athens, which became the occasion for the creation of the First melodramatic troupe composed of Greeks,[6] led Xyndas and his family to the capital of Greece, where he died in 1896.[7] It is believed that many of his works were destroyed during the 1943 Luftwaffe bombing of the Municipal Theatre of Corfu.[7]

Operas

See also

References

  1. ^ Slonimsky, Nicolas (1978). "Xyndas, Spyridion". Baker's Biographical dictionary of musicians (6th ed.). New York: Schirmer Books. p. 1924. ISBN 0028702409.
  2. ^ a b Grout, Donald J.; Williams, Hermine Weigel (2003-07-18). A Short History of Opera. Columbia University Press. p. 539. ISBN 978-0-231-50772-1.
  3. ^ Kardamis, Kostas (2017). "The Parliamentary Candidate: The turbulent history of the first Greek opera". Anniversary Volume: Spyridon Xyndas-Ioannis Rinopoulos, the Candidate (1867-2017), Spartito and Libretto, Corfu: Corfu Philharmonic Society: xxxiv–xliv.
  4. ^ Hirst, Anthony; Sammon, Patrick (2014-06-26). The Ionian Islands: Aspects of their History and Culture. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 348. ISBN 978-1-4438-6278-3.
  5. ^ Xepapadakou, Avra (2017). "The Second Life.The stage history of the comic opera "The Parliamentary Candidate" by S. Xyndas Between the 19th and the 20th Century". Anniversary Volume: Spyridon Xyndas-Ioannis Rinopoulos, the Candidate (1867-2017), Spartito and Libretto, Corfu: Corfu Philharmonic Society: xxii-xxx & xliv-lii.
  6. ^ Xepapadakou, Avra (2011). "Melodramma in Greek Voice. The troupe of Ioannis Karagiannis: A barnstorming carrier of hellenism". Ariadne. 17: 277–313.
  7. ^ a b San Simera Archived 2008-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Biography of Spyridon Xyndas (in Greek) Quote in translation: "His most famous opera is the "Parliamentary Candidate" which premiered in 1867 at the San Giacomo theatre of Corfu"
    Google translation of Sansimera

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