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[[File:Rolling-Square colored.gif|thumb|right|An animation of a square wheel rolling smoothly over inverted [[catenary|catenaries]].]]
[[File:Thinktank Science Garden - car with square wheels (13900854766).jpg|thumb|right|A prototype square wheeled car with modified track at [[Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum|Thinktank Science Garden]].]]

A '''square wheel''' is a [[wheel]] that, instead of being [[circle|circular]], has the shape of a [[square (geometry)|square]]. While literal square wheels exist, a more common use is as an idiom meaning stereotypically bad or naive engineering (see [[reinventing the wheel]]).

A square wheel can roll smoothly if the ground consists of evenly shaped inverted [[catenary|catenaries]] of the right size and curvature.<ref>((citation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080702094140/http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/4877/title/Riding_on_Square_Wheels|archivedate=July 2, 2008|url=http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/4877/title/Riding_on_Square_Wheels|title=Riding on Square Wheels|first=Ivars|last=Peterson|newspaper=[[Science News]]|date=4 April 2004|volume=165|issue=14|accessdate=2009-05-03))</ref><ref>((citation |url=http://nths.newtrier.k12.il.us/academics/math/Connections/curves/sqwheels.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060930172827/http://nths.newtrier.k12.il.us/academics/math/Connections/curves/sqwheels.htm|archivedate=September 30, 2006 |title=A Catenary Road and Square Wheels|publisher=New Trier High School, [[Winnetka, Illinois]]|accessdate=2009-05-03))</ref><ref>((citation|url=http://faraday.physics.uiowa.edu/mech/1M20.65.htm|title=Non-Circular Wheels|volume=Physics and Astronomy Lecture Demonstrations|publisher=[[University of Iowa]]|accessdate=2009-05-03))</ref>

A different type of square-wheeled vehicle was invented in 2006 by Jason Winckler of Global Composites, Inc. in the [[United States]]. This has square wheels, linked together and offset by 22.5°, rolling on a flat surface. The prototype appears ungainly, but the inventor proposes that the system may be useful in microscopic-sized machines ([[Microelectromechanical systems|MEMS]]).<ref>((Cite book|last=Derby|first=Stephen J.|last2=Anderson|first2=Kurt|last3=Winckler|first3=Steven|last4=Winckler|first4=Jason|date=2006|title= Volume 2: 30th Annual Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, Parts A and B|language=en|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA|publisher=ASME|volume=2006|pages=811–816|doi=10.1115/DETC2006-99140|isbn=9780791842560|chapter=Motion Characteristics of a Square Wheel Car))</ref> In 1997 Macalester College mathematics professor [[Stan Wagon]] constructed the first prototype of a catenary tricycle. An improved model made out of modern materials was built when the original vehicle wore out in April, 2004.<ref>((cite web|last=Wagon|first=Stan|authorlink=Stan Wagon|title=Untitled|url=http://stanwagon.com/|accessdate=19 May 2010))</ref>

In 2012, ''[[MythBusters (2012 season)#Square Wheels|MythBusters]]'' experimented with modifying vehicles with square tires, determining that, with speed, a truck fitted with square wheels can deliver a relatively smooth ride.<ref>((citation
 | last1 = Zavrel | first1 = Erik
 | last2 = Sharpsteen | first2 = Eric
 | date = April 2016
 | doi = 10.1119/1.4944364
 | issue = 4
 | journal = The Physics Teacher
 | pages = 228-232
 | title = How the television show 'MythBusters' communicates the scientific method
 | url = https://scholar.archive.org/work/djawgihsmvf3jfkullvrs7l3xi
 | volume = 54))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Reuleaux triangle]]
* [[Non-circular gear]]

==References==
((reflist))

[[Category:Wheels]]

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