A line of statues along the wall of a circular room. Statues are interspersed between columns. Red curtains are situated behind the statues. A large dome is visible above, enclosing the room.
Part of the National Statuary Hall Collection in the National Statuary Hall, 2016

The National Statuary Hall Collection holds statues donated by each of the United States, portraying notable persons in the histories of the respective states. Displayed in the National Statuary Hall and other parts of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., the collection includes two statues from each state, except for Virginia which currently has one, making a total of 99.

On July 2, 1864, Congress established the National Statuary Hall: "States [may] provide and furnish statues, in marble or bronze, not exceeding two in number for each State, of deceased persons who have been citizens thereof, and illustrious for their historic renown or for distinguished civic or military services such as each State may deem to be worthy of this national commemoration."[1] The first statue was installed in 1870, and, by 1971, the collection included at least one statue from every state. In 1933, Congress passed House Concurrent Resolution No. 47, which limited each state to only one statue in the Statuary Hall. Others would be distributed throughout the Capitol building.[1] In 2000, Congress amended a law to allow states to replace their statues.[2] Nine statues have since been removed.

The National Statuary Hall Collection comprises 58 statues of bronze and 42 of marble. Several sculptors have created multiple statues for the collection, the most prolific being Charles Henry Niehaus who sculpted eight statues currently and formerly in the collection. The collection includes statues of eleven women, one of them, Mary McLeod Bethune (Florida), the sole African American; two persons of Hispanic descent, Dennis Chávez (New Mexico) and Saint Junípero Serra (California); one Native Hawaiian, Kamehameha I (Hawaii); and six American Indians. Also represented are five members of the Catholic clergy and five physicians or medical scientists. In recent years, many, including former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi, have labeled statues dedicated to Confederate leaders problematic, and called for their removal.[3][4] Six Confederate figures are currently included in the collection, and three Confederate statues, dedicated to General Robert E. Lee (Virginia), Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry (Alabama), and General Edmund Kirby Smith (Florida), have been removed.[5] Only the states that sent the statues, not Congress nor the Architect of the Capitol, are authorized to remove them.[6]

Statues

Current

Table featuring sculptures in the National Statuary Hall Collection
Commissioned by Statue[note 1] Image Medium Sculptor Year placed Location Ref.
Alabama Statue of Helen Keller Bronze Edward Hlavka 2009 Capitol Visitor Center [7]
Statue of Joseph Wheeler Bronze Berthold Nebel 1925 National Statuary Hall [8]
Alaska Statue of Edward Lewis "Bob" Bartlett Bronze Felix de Weldon 1971 House corridor, 2nd floor [9]
Statue of Ernest Gruening Bronze George Anthonisen 1977 Capitol Visitor Center [10]
Arizona Statue of Barry Goldwater Bronze Deborah Copenhaver Fellows 2015 National Statuary Hall [11]
Statue of Eusebio Kino Bronze Suzanne Silvercruys 1965 Capitol Visitor Center [12]
Arkansas Statue of James Paul Clarke Marble Pompeo Coppini 1921 Capitol Visitor Center [13]
Statue of Uriah M. Rose Marble Frederick Ruckstull 1917 National Statuary Hall [14]
California Statue of Ronald Reagan Bronze Chas Fagan 2009 Rotunda [15]
Statue of Junípero Serra Bronze Ettore Cadorin 1931 National Statuary Hall [16]
Colorado Statue of Florence R. Sabin Bronze Joy Buba 1959 Hall of Columns [17]
Statue of Jack Swigert Bronze Mark Lundeen and George Lundeen 1997 Capitol Visitor Center [18]
Connecticut Statue of Roger Sherman Marble Chauncey Ives 1872 Crypt [19]
Statue of Jonathan Trumbull Marble Chauncey Ives 1872 House corridor, 2nd floor [20]
Delaware Statue of John M. Clayton Marble Bryant Baker 1934 Capitol Visitor Center [21]
Statue of Caesar Rodney Marble Bryant Baker 1934 Crypt [22]
Florida Statue of John Gorrie Marble C. Adrian Pillars 1914 National Statuary Hall [23]
Statue of Mary McLeod Bethune Marble Nilda M. Comas 2022 National Statuary Hall [24]
Georgia Statue of Crawford Long Marble J. Massey Rhind 1926 Crypt [25]
Statue of Alexander H. Stephens Marble Gutzon Borglum 1927 National Statuary Hall [26]
Hawaii Statue of Father Damien Bronze Marisol Escobar 1969 Hall of Columns [27]
Statue of Kamehameha I Bronze Thomas Ridgeway Gould 1969 Capitol Visitor Center [28]
Idaho Statue of William Borah Bronze Bryant Baker 1947 Capitol Visitor Center [29]
Statue of George L. Shoup Marble Frederick Triebel 1910 National Statuary Hall [30]
Illinois Statue of James Shields Bronze Leonard W. Volk 1893 Hall of Columns [31]
Statue of Frances Willard Marble Helen Farnsworth Mears 1905 National Statuary Hall [32]
Indiana Statue of Oliver P. Morton Marble Charles Niehaus 1900 Senate Wing, 1st floor [33]
Statue of Lew Wallace Marble Andrew O'Connor 1910 National Statuary Hall [34]
Iowa Statue of Norman Borlaug Bronze Benjamin Victor 2014 National Statuary Hall [35]
Statue of Samuel J. Kirkwood Bronze Vinnie Ream 1913 National Statuary Hall [36]
Kansas Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower Bronze Jim Brothers 2003 Rotunda [37]
Statue of Amelia Earhart Amelia Earhart Statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection Bronze Mark Lundeen and George Lundeen 2022 National Statuary Hall [38]
Kentucky Statue of Henry Clay Bronze Charles Niehaus 1929 National Statuary Hall [39]
Statue of Ephraim McDowell Bronze Charles Niehaus 1929 Capitol Visitor Center [40]
Louisiana Statue of Huey Long Bronze Charles Keck 1941 National Statuary Hall [41]
Statue of Edward Douglass White Bronze Arthur C. Morgan 1955 Capitol Visitor Center [42]
Maine Statue of Hannibal Hamlin Bronze Charles Tefft 1935 National Statuary Hall [43]
Statue of William King Marble Franklin Simmons 1878 House corridor, 2nd floor [44]
Maryland Statue of Charles Carroll of Carrollton Bronze Richard E. Brooks 1903 Crypt [45]
Statue of John Hanson Bronze Richard E. Brooks 1903 Senate corridor, 2nd floor [46]
Massachusetts Statue of Samuel Adams Marble Anne Whitney 1876 Crypt [47]
Statue of John Winthrop Marble Richard S. Greenough 1876 Hall of Columns [48]
Michigan Statue of Lewis Cass Marble Daniel Chester French 1889 National Statuary Hall [49]
Statue of Gerald Ford Bronze J. Brett Grill 2011 Rotunda [50]
Minnesota Statue of Henry Mower Rice Marble Frederick Triebel 1916 National Statuary Hall [51]
Statue of Maria Sanford Bronze Evelyn Raymond 1958 Capitol Visitor Center [52]
Mississippi Statue of Jefferson Davis Bronze Augustus Lukeman 1931 National Statuary Hall [53]
Statue of James Z. George Bronze Augustus Lukeman 1931 Capitol Visitor Center [54]
Missouri Statue of Harry S. Truman Bronze Tom Corbin 2022 Rotunda [55]
Statue of Francis Preston Blair Jr. Marble Alexander Doyle 1899 Hall of Columns [56]
Montana Statue of Jeannette Rankin Bronze Terry Mimnaugh 1985 Capitol Visitor Center [57]
Statue of Charles Marion Russell Bronze John Weaver 1959 National Statuary Hall [58]
Nebraska Statue of Standing Bear Bronze Benjamin Victor 2019 National Statuary Hall [59]
Statue of Julius Sterling Morton Bronze Rudulph Evans 1937 Capitol Visitor Center [60]
Nevada Statue of Pat McCarran Bronze Yolande Jacobson 1960 Senate Wing, 2nd floor [61]
Statue of Sarah Winnemucca Bronze Benjamin Victor 2005 Capitol Visitor Center [62]
New Hampshire Statue of John Stark Marble Carl Conrads 1894 Crypt [63]
Statue of Daniel Webster Marble Carl Conrads (after Thomas Ball) 1894 National Statuary Hall [64]
New Jersey Statue of Philip Kearny Bronze Henry Kirke Brown 1888 Hall of Columns [65]
Statue of Richard Stockton Marble Henry Kirke Brown (completed by
Henry Kirke Bush-Brown) 		1888 Crypt [66]
New Mexico Statue of Dennis Chávez Bronze Felix de Weldon 1966 Senate Wing, 2nd floor [67]
Statue of Po'pay Marble Cliff Fragua 2005 Capitol Visitor Center [68]
New York Statue of George Clinton Bronze Henry Kirke Brown 1873 Senate Wing, 2nd floor [69]
Statue of Robert R. Livingston Bronze Erastus Dow Palmer 1875 Crypt [70]
North Carolina Statue of Charles Brantley Aycock Bronze Charles Keck 1932 Crypt [71]
Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance Bronze Gutzon Borglum 1916 National Statuary Hall [72]
North Dakota Statue of John Burke Bronze Avard Fairbanks 1963 National Statuary Hall [73]
Statue of Sakakawea Bronze Arizona Bronze Atelier
(after Leonard Crunelle, 1909) 		2003 Capitol Visitor Center [74]
Ohio Statue of Thomas Edison Bronze Alan Cottrill 2016 National Statuary Hall [75]
Statue of James A. Garfield Marble Charles Niehaus 1886 Rotunda [76]
Oklahoma Statue of Will Rogers Bronze Jo Davidson 1939 House corridor, 2nd floor [77]
Statue of Sequoyah Bronze Vinnie Ream
(completed by G. Julian Zolnay) 		1917 National Statuary Hall [78]
Oregon Statue of Jason Lee Bronze Gifford MacGregor Proctor 1953 National Statuary Hall [79]
Statue of John McLoughlin Bronze Gifford MacGregor Proctor 1953 Capitol Visitor Center [80]
Pennsylvania Statue of Robert Fulton Marble Howard Roberts 1889 National Statuary Hall [81]
Statue of Peter Muhlenberg Marble Blanche Nevin 1889 Crypt [82]
Rhode Island Statue of Nathanael Greene Marble Henry Kirke Brown 1870 Crypt [83]
Statue of Roger Williams Marble Franklin Simmons 1872 Senate corridor, 2nd floor [84]
South Carolina Statue of John C. Calhoun Marble Frederick Ruckstull 1910 Crypt [85]
Statue of Wade Hampton III Marble Frederick Ruckstull 1929 Capitol Visitor Center [86]
South Dakota Statue of William Henry Harrison Beadle Bronze H. Daniel Webster 1938 National Statuary Hall [87]
Statue of Joseph Ward Marble Bruno Beghé 1963 Capitol Visitor Center [88]
Tennessee Statue of Andrew Jackson Bronze Belle Kinney Scholz
and Leopold Scholz 		1928 Rotunda [89]
Statue of John Sevier Bronze Belle Kinney Scholz
and Leopold Scholz 		1931 National Statuary Hall [90]
Texas Statue of Stephen F. Austin Marble Elisabet Ney 1905 Hall of Columns [91]
Statue of Sam Houston Marble Elisabet Ney 1905 National Statuary Hall [92]
Utah Statue of Philo Farnsworth Bronze James R. Avati 1990 Capitol Visitor Center [93]
Statue of Brigham Young Marble Mahonri Young 1950 National Statuary Hall [94]
Vermont Statue of Ethan Allen Marble Larkin G. Mead 1876 National Statuary Hall [95]
Statue of Jacob Collamer Marble Preston Powers 1881 Senate Wing, 1st floor [96]
Virginia Statue of George Washington Bronze Jean-Antoine Houdon 1934 Rotunda [97]
Washington Statue of Mother Joseph Pariseau Bronze Felix de Weldon 1980 Capitol Visitor Center [98]
Statue of Marcus Whitman Bronze Avard Fairbanks 1953 National Statuary Hall [99]
West Virginia Statue of John E. Kenna Marble Alexander Doyle 1901 Hall of Columns [100]
Statue of Francis Harrison Pierpont Marble Franklin Simmons 1910 National Statuary Hall [101]
Wisconsin Statue of Robert M. La Follette Marble Jo Davidson 1929 National Statuary Hall [102]
Statue of Jacques Marquette Marble Gaetano Trentanove 1896 House corridor, 2nd floor [103]
Wyoming Statue of Esther Hobart Morris Bronze Avard Fairbanks 1960 Hall of Columns [104]
Statue of Washakie Bronze Dave McGary 2000 Capitol Visitor Center [105]

Former

Table featuring sculptures formerly in the National Statuary Hall Collection
State Statue[note 1] Image Medium Sculptor Year placed Year replaced Replaced by Location Ref.
Alabama Statue of Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry Marble Dante Sodini 1908 2009 Statue of Helen Keller Montgomery, Alabama [106]
Arizona Statue of John Campbell Greenway Bronze Gutzon Borglum 1930 2015 Statue of Barry Goldwater Phoenix, Arizona [107]
[108]
California Statue of Thomas Starr King Bronze Haig Patigian 1931 2009 Statue of Ronald Reagan Sacramento, California [109]
Florida Statue of Edmund Kirby Smith Bronze C. Adrian Pillars 1922 2021 Statue of Mary McLeod Bethune Tallahassee, Florida [110]
[111]
Iowa Statue of James Harlan Bronze Nellie Walker 1910 2014 Statue of Norman Borlaug Mount Pleasant, Iowa [112]
[113]
Kansas Statue of George Washington Glick – Marble Charles Henry Niehaus 1914 2003 Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower Topeka, Kansas [114]
Kansas Statue of John James Ingalls
Marble Charles Henry Neihaus 1905 2022 Statue of Amelia Earhart Topeka, Kansas [115]
Michigan Statue of Zachariah Chandler Marble Charles Henry Niehaus N/A 2011 Statue of Gerald Ford Lansing, Michigan [116]
Missouri Statue of Thomas Hart Benton
Marble Alexander Doyle 1899 2022 Statue of Harry S. Truman Columbia, Missouri [117][118]
Nebraska Statue of William Jennings Bryan Bronze Rudulph Evans 1937 2019 Statue of Standing Bear Seward, Nebraska [6]
[119]
Ohio Statue of William Allen Marble Charles Henry Niehaus 1887 2016 Statue of Thomas Edison Chillicothe, Ohio [120]
Virginia Statue of Robert E. Lee Bronze Edward Virginius Valentine 1909 2020 Statue of Barbara Rose Johns (future) Richmond, Virginia [121]
[122]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ a b For each entry, the word "Statue" links to the article on the statue itself and the person's name links to the article on the person

References

  1. ^ a b "About the National Statuary Hall Collection". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on August 17, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  2. ^ Dunker, Chris (March 3, 2018). "Effort seeks to replace Nebraska statues in US Capitol". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 27, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  3. ^ Bikales, James (June 12, 2020). "Here are the Confederate statues in the Capitol". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  4. ^ Ford, Matt (August 17, 2017). "Will Congress Remove Confederate Statues From the Capitol?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  5. ^ Pietsch, Bryan (December 21, 2020). "Robert E. Lee Statue Is Removed From U.S. Capitol". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  6. ^ a b Brockell, Gillian (September 20, 2019). "The civil rights leader 'almost nobody knows about' gets a statue in the U.S. Capitol". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
  7. ^ "Helen Keller". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 2, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
  8. ^ "Joseph Wheeler". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
  9. ^ "Edward Lewis "Bob" Bartlett" (PDF). Architect of the Capitol. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 4, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  10. ^ "Ernest Gruening". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  11. ^ "Barry Goldwater". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  12. ^ "Eusebio Kino". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  13. ^ "James Paul Clarke". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  14. ^ "Uriah Milton Rose". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
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  16. ^ "Father Junipero Serra". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  17. ^ "Florence R. Sabin". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  18. ^ "John Swigert Jr". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  19. ^ "Roger Sherman". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  20. ^ "Jonathan Trumbull". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  21. ^ "John Middleton Clayton". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 27, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  22. ^ "Caesar Rodney". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 27, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
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  40. ^ "Ephraim McDowell". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 29, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
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  51. ^ "Henry Mower Rice". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  52. ^ "Maria Sanford". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
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  61. ^ "Patrick Anthony McCarran". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
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  65. ^ "Philip Kearny". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  66. ^ "Richard Stockton". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  67. ^ "Dennis Chavez". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
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  75. ^ "Thomas Edison". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  76. ^ "James A. Garfield". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  77. ^ "Will Rogers". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  78. ^ "Sequoyah". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  79. ^ "Jason Lee". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
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  81. ^ "Robert Fulton". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 27, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  82. ^ "John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 27, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
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  84. ^ "Roger Williams". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on December 27, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
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External links

National Statuary Hall Collection
Public art in the United States
Categories