Stephenson is a medieval patronymic surname meaning "son of Stephen". The earliest public record is found in the county of Huntingdonshire in 1279. There are variant spellings including Stevenson.^[2] People with the surname include:

• Ashley Stephenson (born 1982), Canadian hockey and baseball player
• Ashley Stephenson (1927–2021), British horticulturalist
• Benjamin Stephenson (disambiguation), several people
• Ben Stephenson, Anglo-American television executive
• Chandler Stephenson (born 1994), Canadian ice hockey player
• Charles Bruce Stephenson (1929–2001), American astronomer
• D. C. Stephenson (1891–1966), American, Ku Klux Klan leader
• Debra Stephenson (born 1972), British actress
• Dwight Stephenson, American football player
• Earl Stephenson (born 1947), American baseball pitcher
• Gene Stephenson, American college baseball coach
• George Stephenson (1781–1848), British mechanical engineer who created Stephenson's Rocket
• George Robert Stephenson (engineer) (1819–1905), English civil engineer (nephew of George Stephenson)
• George Stephenson (disambiguation), multiple other people
• Gilbert Stephenson (1878–1972), British Vice Admiral
• Gordon Stephenson (1908–1997), Australian town planner and architect
• Helga Stephenson, Canadian media executive
• Henry Stephenson (1871–1956), British actor
• Isaac Stephenson (1829–1918), U.S. politician from Wisconsin
• Jim Stephenson, New Zealand international football (soccer) goalkeeper
• John Stephenson (disambiguation), people named John Stephenson
• June Ethel Stephenson (1914–1999), Australian artist
• Lance Stephenson (born 1990), American professional basketball player
• M. F. Stephenson (1801 – after 1878), U.S. assayer of the Dahlonega, Georgia Mint
• Neal Stephenson (born 1959), U.S. author
• Nicola Stephenson (born 1971), British actress
• Pamela Stephenson (born 1949), New Zealand-Australian comedian, actress and psychologist, also known as Pamela Connolly
• Paul Stephenson (footballer), former British footballer.
• Paul Stephenson (civil rights campaigner), British civil rights campaigner.
• Sir Paul Stephenson, former London Metropolitan Police Commissioner.
• Paul Stephenson (rugby league), Australian professional rugby league footballer.
• Riggs Stephenson (1898–1985), U.S. baseball player
• Robert Stephenson (1803–1859), British civil and railway engineer (son of George Stephenson)
• Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight (born 1953), U.S. Wikipedia editor
• Samuel M. Stephenson (1803–1859), U.S. politician from Michigan
• Sean Stephenson (1979–2019), American therapist, writer, and speaker
• Shay Stephenson (born 1983), Canadian ice hockey player
• Thomas Alan Stephenson (1898–1961), British zoologist
• Tyler Stephenson (born 1996), American baseball player
• William Stephenson (1897–1989), Canadian soldier, airman, businessman, inventor, and spymaster
• William Stephenson (psychologist) (1902–1989), psychologist and physicist
• William Haswell Stephenson (1836–1918), English industrialist and philanthropist in Newcastle upon Tyne