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((Short description|Small outdoor entrance staircase))
[[File:Presidents Chester A Arthur 123 Lexington Ave.jpg|thumb|upright|Two row houses with stoops]]
In [[American English]], a '''stoop''' is a small [[staircase]] ending in a platform and leading to the entrance of an [[apartment building]] or other building.

==Etymology==

Originally brought to the [[Hudson Valley]] of [[New York (state)|New York]] by [[settlers]] from the [[Netherlands]], the word "stoop" is part of the [[Dutch language |Dutch]] vocabulary that has survived there from [[Colonialism |colonial]] times until the present. Stoop, "a small [[porch]]", comes from Dutch ''stoep''<ref>((cite web |url= http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stoop |title= Definition of STOOP |website= www.merriam-webster.com |date= |access-date=2024-01-01))</ref> (meaning: step/sidewalk, pronounced the same as English "stoop"); the word is now in general use in the [[Northeastern United States]] and is probably((or|date=May 2022)) spreading.

==History==
New York stoops may have been a simple carry-over from the Dutch practice of constructing elevated buildings.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.ohiostatepress.org/Books/Book%20PDFs/Maffi%20New.pdf |title=New York City<!-- Bot generated title --> |website=www.ohiostatepress.org |access-date=2008-01-21 |archive-date=2007-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025123324/http://www.ohiostatepress.org/Books/Book%20PDFs/Maffi%20New.pdf |url-status=dead))</ref>

It has been well documented that the stoop served the function of keeping people and their homes separated from horse manure, which would accumulate in the streets at high rates. Horses were the main transport means in New York for decades, and thousands of them were kept in the city by common citizens.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.6sqft.com/how-horse-poop-inspired-the-new-york-city-stoop/ |title=How horse poop inspired the New York City stoop |website=www.6sqft.com |date=2016-03-23 |access-date=2024-01-01))</ref>

==Stoops as a social device==
[[File:Lewis Hine, Newsboys on a stoop, Wilmington, Delaware, 1910.jpg|thumb|upright|Newsboys congregating on a stoop, 1910]]
((Ref improve section|date=May 2009))
Traditionally, in North American cities, the stoop served an important function as a spot for brief, incidental social encounters. Homemakers, children, and other household members would sit on the stoop outside their home to relax, and greet neighbors passing by. Similarly, while on an errand, one would stop and converse with neighbors sitting on their stoops. Within an urban community, stoop conversations helped to disseminate gossip and reaffirm casual relationships. Similarly, it was the place that children would congregate to play [[street games]] such as [[stoop ball]]. Urbanites lacking yards often hold stoop sales instead of [[yard sale]]s.

In her pivotal book ''[[The Death and Life of Great American Cities]]'', [[Jane Jacobs]] includes the stoop as part of her model of the self-regulating urban street. By providing a constant human presence watching the street, institutions such as stoops prevent [[street crime]], without intervention from authority figures. In addition, they motivate better street maintenance and beautification, by giving it social as well as utilitarian value.


==See also==
* [[Porch]]
* [[Porch sitting]]
* [[Third place]]
==References==
<references/>

==Literature==
((Commons category|Front stoops|Stoops))
*Jane Jacobs, ''The Death and Life of Great American Cities'', New York: Random House, 1961
*Mario Maffi, ''New York City: An Outsider's Inside View'', Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2004

((DEFAULTSORT:Stoop))
[[Category:Architectural elements]]
[[Category:American culture]]

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