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((short description|Type of dance tune))
((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
((more citations needed|date=September 2011))

A '''strathspey''' (((IPAc-en|s|t|r|æ|θ|ˈ|s|p|eɪ))) is a type of [[dance tune]] in ((music|time|4|4)) time, featuring dotted rhythms (both long-short and short-long "[[Scotch snap]]s"), which in traditional playing are generally somewhat exaggerated rhythmically. Examples of strathspeys are the songs "[[The Bonnie Banks o' Loch Lomond]]" and "Coming Through the Rye" (which is based on an older tune called "The Miller's Daughter").

Strathspeys may be played anywhere from 108 beats per minute for [[Scottish highland dance|Highland dance]] up to 160 beats per minute for [[step dance]]. Traditionally, a strathspey will be followed by a [[reel (dance)|reel]], which is in ((music|time|2|2)) with even eighth-notes, as a release of the rhythmic tension created during the strathspey.

It has been hypothesized that strathspeys mimic the rhythms of [[Scottish Gaelic]] song.<ref>((Cite journal |last=Lamb |first=William |date=2013 |title=Reeling in the Strathspey: The Origins of Scotland's National Music |url=http://journals.ed.ac.uk/ScottishStudies/article/view/2706 |archive-url=https://www.academia.edu/4007917/Reeling_in_the_Strathspey_The_Origins_of_Scotlands_National_Music |url-status=live |journal=Scottish Studies |volume=36 |issn=2052-3629 |doi=10.2218/ss.v36.2706 |pages=66–102 |archive-date=15 October 2015 |access-date=14 August 2020|doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11820/acb42c2e-8722-4091-a874-1a201c39a75b |hdl-access=free ))</ref><ref>Emmerson, George S. (1971). ''Rantin' Pipe and Tremblin' String: A History of Scottish Dance Music''. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd. p. 145.</ref> Among traditional musicians, strathspeys are occasionally transmitted as [[canntaireachd]], a style of singing in which various syllables are used to vocalize traditional bagpipe embellishments.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.siliconglen.scot/culture/gaelicsong.html|title=Traditional Gaelic song and singing sean-nós |publisher=www.siliconglen.scot))</ref>

The dance is named after the [[Strathspey, Scotland|Strathspey]] region of Scotland, in [[Moray]] and [[Badenoch and Strathspey]]. Strathspey refers both to the type of tune and to the type of dance usually done to it (although strathspeys are also frequently danced to pastoral airs played at the same tempo; an example of which would be the dance Autumn in Appin, danced to the tune "The Hills of Lorne").<ref>((cite web|url=https://my.strathspey.org/dd/dance/314/|title=Dance: Autumn in Appin &#124;|publisher=Scottish Country Dance Database (SCDDB)))</ref> The strathspey is one of the dance types in [[Scottish country dance|Scottish country dancing]].<ref>((Cite web |title=Strathspeys ((!)) Royal Scottish Country Dance Society |url=https://rscds.org/learn/music-resources/types-tunes/strathspeys |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=rscds.org))</ref> According to William Lamb on the Bagpipe News website, the first mention of the word "Strathspey" in connection with a specific type of dance is the anonymous Menzies manuscript dated to 1749.<ref>((cite web |last1=Lamb |first1=William |title=Mr |url=https://bagpipe.news/2020/12/19/the-strathspey-in-scottish-music/ |website=Bagpipe News |publisher=National Piping Centre |access-date=20 April 2023))</ref> A Scottish country dance will typically consist of equal numbers of strathspeys, [[jig]]s and [[reel (dance)|reels]]. The strathspey step is a slower and more stately version of the skip-change step used for jigs and reels. The strathspey also forms part of the musical format for competing [[pipe band]]s. Modern high grade pipe bands are required to play a march, a strathspey and a reel for competition purposes.

Many strathspeys were written in the 18th and 19th centuries by composers such as [[William Marshall (Scottish composer)|William Marshall]], [[James Scott Skinner]], and [[Magdalene Stirling]], who utilised the full range of the fiddle to produce many memorable tunes. Skinner distinguished between dance tunes, which retained the staccato bowing (Laird o Drumblair), and [[Air (music)|airs]] which were for listening (Music of Spey). [[Angus Cumming]] produced the first collection of strathspeys to be published by a person from Strathspey. More recently, [[Muriel Johnstone]] has written some elegant piano strathspeys. These days there are at least four, some would say seven, varieties: the bouncy [[schottische]], the strong strathspey, the song or air strathspey, all three of which can be enjoyed for dancing, and the competition strathspey for the [[Great Highland bagpipe]], primarily intended as a display of virtuosity. Although band and solo competition [[bagpiping]] generally involves a complicated, heavily ornamented setting, traditional pipers often play simpler, more rhythmically driven versions.

In the Irish tradition, strathspeys are largely relegated to the Scottish-influenced traditions of [[Donegal (town)|Donegal]], where they are commonly called highlands. Unlike many duple-time tune types in the Irish tradition, Highlands are articulated with four distinct beats to the bar, rather than two. Unlike their Scottish counterparts, highlands are played with a smoother, less-jagged articulation, and the dotted rhythms tend to devolve into long passages of triplets.<ref>Vallely, F. (1999). ''The Companion to Traditional Irish Music''. New York: New York University Press. pp. 385–386.</ref>

In the New World, the [[Cape Breton fiddling|Cape Breton]] strathspey differs from its Scottish cousins in that the "snaps" can come at any point in the measure; they have been described as more "wild" than in Scottish playing.<ref>The Strathspey Server. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131103211706/http://www.strathspey.org/list/strathspey/archive/thread/6120/ "the Cape Breton strathspey connection..."].</ref> Cape Breton dot-snaps often follow the same pattern within any given piece of music, and adhere to a local pattern shared among the community of Cape Breton-style players.<ref>Kimberley Fraser (20 February 2011). [http://sessions.kimberleyfraser.com/strathspeys-what-are-they-and-why-are-they-so-tricky/ "Strathspeys...What Are They, And Why Are They So Tricky?!"]</ref>

== Printed collections ==

Among printed collections of Strathspeys, Keith MacDonald's "The Skye Collection of the Best Reels and Strathspeys" (1887) has over 400 tunes. It is mentioned on the website "The Session" under the article for "Clark's Strathspey".<ref>((cite web |last1=noname |first1=Jeremy |title=Mr |url=https://thesession.org/tunes/11167 |website=The Session |publisher=Jeremy |access-date=20 April 2023))</ref>. [[Peter Wyper]] recorded a version of "Lord Lynedoch" on cyclinder in the period 1901 - 1907. (see "The Session" article referenced above). It is not easy to determine the most frequently recorded strathspey but "Monymusk" has been recorded 24 times. (see "The Session" again). The "tunearch" website has 21 transcriptions of "Money Musk", originally dated to 1789.<ref>((cite web |last1=Dow |first1=Daniel |title=Thirty Seven New Reels and Strathspeys |url=https://tunearch.org/wiki/Money_Musk_(1) |website=tunearch.org |publisher=Traditional Tune archive |access-date=20 April 2023))</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Scottish country dances]]

== References ==
((reflist))

((Music of Ireland))
((Scottish folk music))
((Cape Breton folk music))

[[Category:Culture in Highland (council area)]]
[[Category:Culture in Moray]]
[[Category:Scottish country dance]]
[[Category:Scottish folk music]]

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