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((Short description|Composition by Benjamin Britten))
((use British English|date=February 2016))
((use dmy dates|date=February 2016)) 
((Infobox musical composition
| name                = String Quartet
| subtitle            = No. 3
| composer            = [[Benjamin Britten]]
| image               = Benjamin Britten, London Records 1968 publicity photo for Wikipedia crop.jpg
| caption             = Britten in the mid-1960s
| key                 = [[G major]]
| opus                = 94
| dedication          = [[Hans Keller]]
| composed            = ((Start date|1975))
| premiere_date       = ((Start date|1976|12|19|df=y))
| premiere_location   = [[The Maltings, Snape]]
| premiere_performers = [[Amadeus Quartet]]
))
'''String Quartet No. 3''' in [[G major]], [[Opus number|Op.]] 94, by English composer [[Benjamin Britten]] was his last completed major work, and his last completed instrumental work. It was written in October((snd))November 1975 during his final illness: the first four [[Movement (music)|movement]]s at his home, [[The Red House, Aldeburgh]], and the fifth during his last visit to [[Venice]], at [[Hotel Danieli]]. It was dedicated to the [[musicologist]] [[Hans Keller]]. In December 1975, brothers [[Colin Matthews|Colin]] and [[David Matthews (composer)|David Matthews]] performed it privately for the composer in a [[piano duet]] arrangement. During September 1976, Britten worked on it with the [[Amadeus Quartet]]; who premiered it on 19 December 1976 at [[The Maltings, Snape]], two weeks after the composer's death.<ref name=Evans>((cite book |title=The Music of Benjamin Britten |first=Peter |last=Evans |author-link=Peter Evans (musicologist) |pages=339((ndash))348 |publisher=[[J. M. Dent|J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.]] |location=London, Melbourne and Toronto |year=1979 |isbn=0-460-04350-1 ))</ref><ref name=Carpenter>((cite book |title=Benjamin Britten: A Biography |first=Humphrey |last=Carpenter |author-link=Humphrey Carpenter |pages=574((ndash))575, 580((ndash))581, 590 |publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] |year=1992 |isbn=0-571-14324-5 ))</ref><ref name=Parker /><ref name=Hogwood>((cite web |url=https://goodmorningbritten.wordpress.com/2014/03/16/listening-to-britten-string-quartet-no-3-op-94/ |title=Listening to Britten – String Quartet no.3, Op.94 |first=Brian |last=Hogwood |date=16 March 2014 |accessdate=6 March 2016 ))</ref>

== Musical structure ==
The quartet is in five movements:

((Ordered list|type=upper-roman
|Duets. With moderate movement

|[[Ostinato]]. Very fast
|Solo. Very calm
|[[Burlesque]]. Fast((snd))''[[Glossary of musical terminology#fuoco|con fuoco]]''
|[[Recitative#Instrumental recitative|Recitative]] and [[Passacaglia]] (''La Serenissima''). Slow

))

All five movements are in [[Ternary form|ternary (A-B-A) form]]. The quartet is in [[arch form]], with a slow lyrical central movement enclosed by two [[scherzo]]s themselves enclosed by two slow outer movements. English musicologist [[Peter Evans (musicologist)|Peter Evans]] has remarked that that structure invites comparison with [[Bartók]]'s [[String Quartet No. 4 (Bartók)|fourth]] and [[String Quartet No. 5 (Bartók)|fifth]] string quartets; only to dismiss that comparison almost as soon as made.((Citation needed|date=May 2020))

In "Duets", Britten explores all six possible relationships between the four instruments in a quartet.

The "Recitative" which begins the last movement includes five musical quotations from Britten's 1973 opera ''[[Death in Venice (opera)|Death in Venice]]'' (his last). The concluding "Passacaglia" (one of Britten's favorite musical forms) is based on a musical motif from that opera.<ref name=Evans /><ref name=Parker>((cite web |url=http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/britten-and-the-string-quartet-a-classical-impulse-string-quartet-no3 |title=Britten and the String Quartet: A Classical Impulse – String Quartet No.3 |website=[[Gresham College]] |date=27 June 2013 |accessdate=6 March 2015 ))</ref> Its title, ''La Serenissima'' (English: the most serene), derives from the historic status of the former [[Republic of Venice]] as a [[Most Serene Republic|sovereign republic]], and is sometimes still applied to the modern city of Venice.

A typical performance takes about 25 minutes((snd))although according to musicologist [[Roger Parker]], Britten's markings are so precise that the timing of each movement is specified almost to the second.<ref name=Parker />

== Critical reception ==
Musicologist Peter Evans:((blockquote|"The profound impression it made then [at the premiere performance by the Amadeus Quartet] might appear an inevitable consequence of the occasion, but greater familiarity with the work confirms that the simplicity of its language and the serenity to which it aspires represent a distillation, not a dilution, of Britten's expressivity during the most poignant period of his life."<ref name=Evans /> ))

Teacher and composer [[Robert Saxton]]:((blockquote|"I actually think some of Britten's late compositions are masterpieces. I heard the String Quartet No. 3 played at [[Tanglewood]] when I was teaching there in 1986, and it was a moving experience to witness a tough American modern music audience, nine hundred or a thousand of them, stunned into silence at the end, before they felt able to applaud. I think when you've got somebody delivering the goods like that ten years after his death, to a hardened new music American audience, you've got to be very careful criticising him."<ref name=Carpenter /> ))

Composer David Matthews:((blockquote|"The two earlier quartets had been among his finest instrumental works; the Third is their equal in invention, and in range and depth of expression their superior."<ref name=Hogwood /> ))

Musicologist Roger Parker:((blockquote|"This is, after all, a work that gestures again and again towards some of life’s great mysteries, its most humbling challenges; the steps one takes towards understanding it should, perhaps above all, be wandering and slow, ever aware of the subjunctive and the finite."<ref name=Parker /> ))

Musicologist Ben Hogwood:((blockquote|The third quartet, then, is where Britten officially takes his leave. A handful of works would follow, but this is the moment where he gives up his soul, in music of affecting beauty. The last movement ensures he leaves with his head held high, innovating and captivating to the very end."<ref name=Hogwood /> ))

== Recordings ==
((dynamic list|date=February 2016))
* 1978((snd))Amadeus Quartet, [[Decca Records|Decca]] LP <small>SXL 6893</small>;<ref>((discogs release |release=6404981 |name=Britten, Amadeus String Quartet((snd))String Quartets 2 & 3 ))</ref> [[remastered]] 1990 [[London Records]] CD <small>425 715-2</small> <ref>((discogs release |release=2552387 |name=Britten, Amadeus Quartet((snd))String Quartets 2 & 3, Sinfonietta ))</ref>
* 1981((snd))[[Alberni Quartet]], [[CRD Records]] LP <small>CRD 1095</small>; rereleased 1989, CRD Records CD <small>CRD 3395</small> <ref>((discogs master |master=878858 |name=Benjamin Britten: The Alberni String Quartet((snd))String Quartets Nos. 2 & 3 ))</ref>
* 1986((snd))[[Endellion Quartet]]<ref>((discogs master |master=950403 |name=Benjamin Britten((snd))Endellion String Quartet((snd))Complete Music For String Quartet (String Quartets Nos.1-3((dot))String Quartet In D((dot))Rhapsody((dot))Phantasy For String Quartet((dot))Phantasy For Oboe And String Trio((dot))Quartettino((dot))Elegy For Solo Viola((dot))Three Divertimenti((dot))Alla Marcia) ))</ref>
* 1990((snd))[[Britten Quartet]]<ref>((AllMusic |class=album |id=britten-the-string-quartets-no2-no3-mw0001352607 |label=Britten: The String Quartets No.2 & No.3 |accessdate=2 February 2016 ))</ref>
* 1996((snd))[[The Lindsays]], [[ASV Digital]] CD <small>DCA 608</small> <ref>((discogs release |release=6299097 |name=Tippett, Britten, The Lindsays((snd))Tippet[sic&#93;: String Quartet No. 4 / Britten: String Quartet No. 3 ))</ref>
* 2002((snd))[[Brodsky Quartet]], [[Challenge Records (1994)|Challenge]] CD <small>CC 72099</small> <ref>((discogs release |class=album |release=11436974 |name=Britten, Brodsky Quartet((snd))Britten String Quartets 2 & 3))</ref>
* 2002 - [[:de:Verdi-Quartett|Verdi Quartett]], [[Hanssler Classic|Haenssler Classic]] CD 98.394
* 2005((snd))[[Belcea Quartet]], [[EMI Classics]] CD <small>7243 5 57968 2 0</small> <ref>((discogs release |release=4596229 |name=Britten((snd))Belcea Quartet((snd))String Quartets 1, 2 & 3; 3 Divertimenti ))</ref>
* 2013((snd))[[Takács Quartet]], [[Hyperion Records|Hyperion]] CD <small>CDA68004 </small> <ref>((discogs release |release=5215770 |name=Britten, Takács Quartet((snd))String Quartets 1, 2 & 3 ))</ref>
* 2017((snd))[[Emerson String Quartet]], [[Decca Records|Decca]] CD <small>B0026509-02</small> <ref>((discogs release |class=album |release=11461058 |name=Britten, Emerson String Quartet((snd))Music Of Britten And Purcell: Chaconnes And Fantasias))</ref>

== References ==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* ((YouTube |id=jxZ1m6LbtSw |title=Benjamin Britten: String Quartet No.3 in G major((snd))Professor Roger Parker )). A [[musicological]] lecture by [[Roger Parker]] followed by a performance by the [[Badke Quartet]], at [[Gresham College]], London in 2013

((Benjamin Britten))
((Portalbar|Classical Music))
((Authority control))

[[Category:1975 compositions]]
[[Category:String quartets by Benjamin Britten|1975]]
[[Category:Compositions in G major|String quartet Britten 3]]

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