Strzelno[ˈstʂɛlnɔ] is a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The town is located 18 km (11.18 mi) south of Inowrocław. According to the June 2005 Census, the population numbered 22,486. It is located in the historic region of Kuyavia. In local baptism records from 1792, the town is spelled as Strzellno.
Establishment of the town is connected to Piotr Włostowic, a 12th-century Polish noble and voivode of Polish monarch Bolesław III Wrymouth. He is considered the founder of the Church of St. Cross. In the 1180s, in what was then the village Strzelno, a Norbertine nuns convent was founded. The monastery church originally bore the name church of St. Trinity, in later years the name was extended to St. Trinity and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Strzelno received town rights in 1231. The Crown Field Buława Horse Regiment of the Polish Crown Army was stationed in Strzelno in 1775.[1]
With the Second Partition of Poland, Strzelno, under the Germanized name Strelno, was annexed by Prussia in 1793. In 1807, it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw. After the duchy's dissolution, in 1815, the town was re-annexed by Prussia. In 1837, the monastery was closed. In 1871, it became part of Germany. From 1886, Strelno experienced an economic boom as a district capital, and was connected to the Prussian State Railway in 1892. According to the census of 1890, the town had a population of 4,176, of which 2,600 (62.3%) were Poles.[2] 432 Jews lived in Strzelno in 1885, and 141 in 1910.[3] Until 1919, Strelno was the capital of the Strelno district in the administrative region of Bromberg in the Prussian Province of Posen in the German Reich.
After World War I, in 1918, Poland regained independence and the Greater Poland uprising broke out, which aim was to reintegrate the region with Poland. Polish insurgents captured the town on January 2, 1919, and it became again part of Poland.[4] During the German occupation of Poland during World War II, the Polish population was subjected to mass arrests, deportations, murder and expulsions. Many Poles, including activists and teachers, were either murdered or deported to concentration camps during the Intelligenzaktion. In 1939, the families of the victims, as well as owners of larger houses, shops, workshops and barbershops were expelled to the General Government, and their property was handed over to Germans as part of the Lebensraum policy.[5] In 1940, the Gestapo carried out massacres of around 200 Poles in the nearby Kurzebiela forest.[6] The occupiers operated a Nazi prison in the town.[7] In 1945, Strzelno was restored to Poland.
Landmarks
The Norbertine monastery complex with the Romanesque Saint Procopius Church and the Romanesque-Gothic-Baroque Holy Trinity Church is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.[8] The 12th-century church of Saint Procopius, in the shape of a Romanesque rotunda, is considered to be one of the best preserved original churches in Poland. There is a museum in the monastery.
Monastery (back view)
Romanesque Saint Procopius Church
Baroque facade of the Holy Trinity Church
One of the Romanesque columns of virtues in the Holy Trinity Church
^Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 20.
^"2 stycznia 1919". Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). Retrieved 22 August 2021.
^Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939–1945 (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 169. ISBN978-83-8098-174-4.
^Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 182.
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