Su Xun (Chinese: 蘇洵; 22 May 1009 – 21 May 1066) was a scholar, essayist and philosopher during the Song dynasty, listed as one of the Eight Masters of the Tang and Song, along with his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe.[1]
Su Xun was born to an affluent family at Meishan, Sichuan Province. He began to diligently study at the age of 27 towards the civil service examination. He attempted the examinations for the Jinshi and Maocai (Xiucai) qualifications several times but failed all. At age 37, he shifted away from examination style writings emphasizing on rhythm and rigid formality, and embarked on over a decade of intensive study of classical literature and philosophy from the pre-Qin era including the Confucius and Mencius texts. Through self-teaching, Su Xun acquired a thorough understanding of classic scholarly discourses as well as historical events.[1] He became capable of in-depth philosophical and political argument through essay writing.[2] During his learning years, he simultaneously coached and guided his two sons in their study of history, literature, and philosophy, who would later grew to significant literati in the Song Dynasty.[3]
In 1056, Su Xun, at age 47, accompanied by his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, went to the capital Bianjing, to meet the Hanlin academician Ouyang Xiu. He presented twenty-two essays to Ouyang Xiu containing his recommendation and insights on political, economical and military reforms.[1] Ouyang highly appreciated his literary style, comparing it to that of ancient Confucian philosopher Xunzi.[3] His fame flourished as scholars and officials in the capital eagerly read and emulated his writings.[2]
In 1057, both of his sons passed the imperial examination with high scores, causing a sensation in the capital. However, their joy was short-lived due to the passing of Su Xun's wife, Lady Cheng. The news brought profound grief to the family. In 1058, Emperor Renzong of Song summoned him for an examination, but Su Xun excused himself due to poor health conditions. Unlike his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, Su Xun remained under-accomplished in his political career, due to absence of official qualifications. Nonetheless, through diligent self-teaching, he has established himself as a master of prose writing and political philosopher. [1]
