Subh Sukh Chain
English: Auspicious Happiness
National anthem of the Provisional Government of Free India
LyricsCapt. Abid Ali, Mumtaz Hussain, 1943
MusicCapt. Ram Singh Thakuri
Adopted1943
Relinquished18 August 1945

Subh Sukh Chain (Hindi: शुभ सुख चैन, lit. '"Auspicious Happiness"') was the national anthem of the Provisional Government of Free India.

The song was based on a Bengali poem Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata by Rabindranath Tagore. When Subhash Chandra Bose shifted to Southeast Asia from Germany in 1943, he, with the help of Mumtaz Hussain, a writer with the Azad Hind Radio, and Colonel Abid Hasan Safrani of the INA, rewrote Tagore’s Jana Gana Mana into the Hindustani Subh Sukh Chain for use as the national anthem.[1] Bose then went to what was then the INA broadcasting station at the Cathay Building in Singapore and asked Capt. Ram Singh Thakuri[2] to compose the music for a song translated from Rabindranath Tagore's original Bengali score. He asked him to give the song a martial tune.

India attained independence on 15 August 1947, and the next morning Jawaharlal Nehru unfurled the tricolour on the ramparts of the Red Fort and addressed the nation. It was on this occasion that Captain Thakuri was invited to play the tune of Subh Sukh Chain along with the members of his orchestra group.[3]

History

During the Indian independence movement, the song Vande Mataram was frequently sung at protest meetings, including the proclamation of the Provisional Government of Free India in Singapore in October 1943. Some Muslims were, however, not comfortable with the expressly Hindu metaphors used in the song, and disliked the book, Anandamath, in which it had been first published. The leaders of the Indian National Army in Singapore were aware of this problem, and hoped that Subhas Chandra Bose, the head of the INA and the Azad Hind, would settle it. Lakshmi Sahgal, who was an INA member, favoured the selection of Jana Gana Mana, which was composed by Rabindranath Tagore and had been sung at sessions of the Indian National Congress. She arranged to have it sung at a women's meeting attended by Bose. Bose was taken by the song, which he thought was nationally representative. However, he did not like that the song was in Sanskritized Bengali, and commissioned a free translation to Hindustani.[4]

The translation, Subh Sukh Chain, was written by Captain Abid Hasan Safrani, and its score composed by Captain Ram Singh Thakuri.[3] It took Vande Mataram's place as the official national anthem of the Provisional Government, and was sung at all meetings, including at the final assembly before Bose's departure.[5]

On 24 January 1950,[6] President-elect Rajendra Prasad announced the final decision that Jana Gana Mana would be the national anthem of India.

Lyrics

The text of the anthem is[7]

Original Hindi version Original Urdu Version IAST English Translation

शुभ सुख चैन की बरखा बरसे, भारत भाग है जागा
पंजाब, सिन्ध, गुजरात, मराठा, द्राविड़ उत्कल बंगा
चंचल सागर, विन्ध्य, हिमालय, नीला यमुना गंगा
तेरे नित गुण गाएँ, तुझसे जीवन पाएँ
सब तन पाए आशा।
सूरज बन कर जग पर चमके, भारत नाम सुभागा,
जए हो! जए हो! जए हो! जए जए जए जए हो!॥

॥ भारत नाम सुभागा ॥
 
सब के दिल में प्रीत बसाए तेरी मीठी वाणी,
हर सूबे के रहनेवाले, हर मज़हब के प्राणी,
सब भेद और फरक मिटा के,
सब गोद में तेरी आके,
गूँथे प्रेम की माला।
सूरज बनकर जग पर चमके, भारत नाम सुभागा,
जए हो! जए हो! जए हो! जए जए जए जए हो!॥

॥ भारत नाम सुभागा ॥

शुभ सवेरे पंख पखेरे, तेरे ही गुण गाएँ,
बास भरी भरपूर हवाएँ, जीवन में रुत लाएँ,
सब मिल कर हिन्द पुकारे, जय आज़ाद हिन्द के नारे।
प्यारा देश हमारा।
सूरज बन कर जग पर चमके, भारत नाम सुभागा,
जए हो! जए हो! जए हो! जए जए जए जए हो!॥

॥ भारत भाग है जागा ॥

 شبھ سکھ چین کی برکھا برسے ، بھارت بھاگ ہے جاگا

پنجاب، سندھ، گجرات، مراٹھا، دراوڑ اتکل بنگہ

چنچل ساگر، وندھیہ، ہمالے، نیلا یمنا گنگا

تیرے نت گن گائیں، تجھ سے جیون پائیں

سب تن پاے آشا۔

سورج بن کر جگ پر چمکے، بھارت نام سبھاگا،

جئے ہو! جئے ہو! جئے ہو! جئے جئے جئے جئے ہو!


سب کے دل میں پریت بسائے تیری میٹھی وانی،

ہر صوبے کے رہنیوالے، ہر مذہب کے پرانی،

سب بھید اور پھرک مٹا کے،

سب گود میں تیری آکے،

گونتھے پریم کی مالا۔

سورج بن کر جگ پر چمکے، بھارت نام سبھاگا،

جئے ہو! جئے ہو! جئے ہو! جئے جئے جئے جئے ہو!


شبھ سویرے پنکھ پکھیرے، تیرے ہی گن گائیں،باس بھری بھرپور ہوائیں، جیون میں رت لائیں،

سب مل کر ہند پکارے، جے آزاد ہند کے نعرے۔

پیارا دیش ہمارا۔

سورج بن کر جگ پر چمکے، بھارت نام سبھاگا،

جئے ہو! جئے ہو! جئے ہو! جئے جئے جئے جئے ہو!

Śubh sukh cain kī barkhā barse, Bhārat bhāg hai jāgā
Pañjab, Sindh, Gujarāt, Marāṭhā, Drāviṛ Utkala Baṅgā
Cañcal sāgar, Vindhya, Himālay, nīlā Yamunā Gaṅgā
Tere nit guṇ gāyẽ, tujhse jīvan pāyẽ
Sab tan pāye āśā.
Sūraj ban kar jag par camke, Bhārat nām subhāgā
Jae ho! Jae ho! Jae ho! Jae jae jae jae ho!
 
Sab ke dil mẽ prīt basāye terī mīṭhī vāṇī,
Har sūbe ke rahnevāle, har mazhab ke prāṇī,
Sab bhed aur farak miṭā ke,
Sab god mẽ terī āke,
Gūnthe prem kī mālā
Sūraj ban kar jag par camke, Bhārat nām subhāgā
Jae ho! Jae ho! Jae ho! Jae jae jae jae ho!

Śubh savere paṅkh pakhere, tere hī guṇ gāyẽ,
Bās bharī bharpūr havāyẽ, jīvan mẽ rut lāyẽ,
Sab mil kar Hind pukāre, jay Āzād Hind ke nāre.
Pyārā deś hamārā.
Sūraj ban kar jag par camke, Bhārat nām subhāgā
Jae ho! Jae ho! Jae ho! Jae jae jae jae ho!

Rains of auspicious happiness fall, India has awakened!
All of Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat, Maratha, Dravida, Utkala, Bengal,
the wavy seas, the Vindhya, the Himalayas, the blue Yamuna and Ganges,
sing your praises, get life from you,
every body gains hope!
Like the sun it shines over the world, the auspicious name of India,
May you be victorious! May you be victorious! May you be victorious! May you be victorious!

May your sweet voice keep love in everyone's heart,
The inhabitants of every province, the living beings of every religion,
By erasing all differences and differences,
Everyone has come in your lap,
and string together a garland of love.
Like the sun it shines over the world, the auspicious name of India.
May you be victorius! May you be vicotorius! May you be victorius! May you be victorius!

Every auspicious morning, it spreads its wings, and sings your praises,
the plentiful, smelling winds, brings a pleasant monsoon to life!
The whole of India, together, shouts slogans of "victory to Free India"!
Oh, this lovely country of ours!
Like the sun it shines over the world, the auspicious name of India,
May you be victorious! May you be victorious! May you be victorious! May you be victorious!

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Morning Song of India". wordpress.com. 3 November 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  2. ^ "Capt. Ram Singh Thakuri's interview". Rediff on NET.
  3. ^ a b "A tribute to the legendary composer of National Anthem", The Tribune, 4 May 2002, retrieved 10 November 2008, Snippet: ... Capt Ram Singh would be remembered for his composition of Jana Gana Mana, the original script of which was a little different. It was Sukh Chain Kee Barkha Barse, Bharat Bagiya Hai Jaga. ...
  4. ^ Fay, Peter Ward (1995), The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence 1942-1945, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0-472-08342-2, pp. 230-234
  5. ^ Fay, Peter Ward (1995), The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence 1942-1945, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0-472-08342-2, p. 380
  6. ^ Volume XII. Tuesday, 24 January 1950. Online Transcript, Constituent Assembly Debates Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ The INA Heroes: Autobiographies of Maj. Gen. Shahnawaz, Col. Prem K. Sahgal and Col. Gurbax Singh Dhillon of the Azad Hind Fauj, Hero Publications, 6, Lower Mall, Lahore, India, 1946, retrieved 9 November 2008
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