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((Multiple issues|
((expand Portuguese|topic=|otherarticle=Sud Expresso|date=December 2012))
((expand Dutch|topic=|otherarticle=Sud Express|date=February 2013))
((More citations needed|date=March 2013))
))
((italic title))
((Infobox rail service
| box_width       = 
| name            = ''Sud Express''
| color           = 
| logo            = 
| logo_width      = 
| image           = 
| image_width     = 
| caption         = 
| type            = [[Inter-city rail]]
| status          = Suspended
| locale          = 
| predecessor     = 
| first           = 21 October 1887
| last            =16 March 2020 
| successor       = 
| operator        = [[Comboios de Portugal]]<ref name=sud-2012>((cite web|url=https://www.publico.pt/2012/09/28/economia/noticia/sud-expresso-e-lusitania-expresso-passam-a-comboio-unico-a-partir-de-4-de-outubro-1564987|date=2012-09-28|title=Sud Expresso e Lusitânia Expresso passam a comboio único a partir de 3 de Outubro|accessdate=2020-05-26|work= [[Público (Portugal)|Público]]|language=Portuguese|author=Carlos Cipriano))</ref>
<ref name=sud-2020>((cite web|url=https://www.dinheirovivo.pt/outras/regresso-do-comboio-hotel-cada-vez-mais-longe-cp-devolve-material/|date=2020-09-10|work=Dinheiro Vivo|title=Regresso do comboio-hotel cada vez mais longe: CP devolve material|language=Portuguese|accessdate=2020-09-12|author=Diogo Ferreira Nunes))</ref>
| formeroperator  = 
| ridership       = 
| ridership2      = 
| website         = 
| start           = 
| stops           = 
| end             = 
| distance        = 1066 km
| journeytime     = 12 hours, 11 minutes
| frequency       = Daily
| trainnumber     = 
| line_used       = 
| class           = 
| access          = 
| seating         = 
| sleeping        = 
| autorack        = 
| catering        = Cafe-bar
| observation     = 
| entertainment   = 
| baggage         = 
| otherfacilities = 
| stock           = 
| gauge           = ((Track gauge|1668 mm))
| el              = 
| speed           = 
| owners          = [[Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias|Adif]]<br/>[[Infraestruturas de Portugal]]
| routenumber     = 
| maintenance     =
| sharing         =
| map             = ((Sud Express))
| map_state       = collapsed
))
[[File:Affiche Sud-Express.JPEG|thumb]]

'''''Sud Express''''' (also called '''''Surexpreso'''''<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.renfe.com/EN/viajeros/viajes_internacionales/compra_surexpreso.html|title=Trenhotel Surexpreso|date= |website=Renfe|access-date=12 September 2019 |quote=))</ref> ((IPA-es|suɾeɣsˈpɾeso|lang)) and '''''Sud Expresso'''''<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.cp.pt/passageiros/pt/como-viajar/sud-expresso |title=Sud Expresso - Lisboa >> Hendaye|date= |website=CP - Comboios de Portugal  |access-date=12 September 2019 |quote=))</ref> ((IPA-pt|suðɨʃˈpɾesu|lang))) is an overnight passenger train connecting [[Lisbon]] with [[Hendaye]], a French commune on the [[France–Spain border|Franco-Spanish border]]. The original service, operated by the [[Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits]], ran to [[Calais]] via [[Madrid]] and [[Paris]].

The service was suspended in March 2020 due to the outbreak of the [[COVID-19]] pandemic and has not been resumed since. 

==History==
[[File:Carruagem restaurante do Sul Express em 1887 - Via Libre 177 1978.jpg|thumb|The dining car of the Sud Express in 1887]]
The inaugural trip of the Sud Express took place on 21 October 1887 connecting [[Lisbon]] via [[Madrid]] to [[Paris]] in 45 hours<ref>((cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=London Gossip |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18871110/004/0002 |newspaper=[[Nottingham Post|Nottingham Evening Post]] |location=England |date=10 November 1887 |access-date=8 September 2018 |url-access=subscription ))</ref> and services were extended on 4 November 1887 to [[Calais]]. Initially the service was weekly, but in 1888 was run twice weekly and from [[Charing Cross railway station|London Charing Cross]]. Also in 1888, the British [[Royal Mail]] launched connecting package services from Lisbon to Rio de la Plata and Brazil.<ref>((cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The International Sleeper Car Company |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18880326/018/0010 |newspaper=[[Pall Mall Gazette]] |location=England |date=26 March 1888 |access-date=8 September 2018|url-access=subscription ))</ref> The service frequency increased further and on 1 January 1907 started to run daily.

It was suspended between 11 December 1937<ref>((cite news |author= |title=Spain Frontier Closed |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000540/19371211/161/0014 |newspaper=[[The Scotsman]] |location=England |date=11 December 1937 |access-date=8 September 2018 |url-access=subscription ))</ref> and 1 August 1939 due to the [[Spanish Civil War]]. It was again suspended on 1 November 1940 due to [[World War II]]. It restarted between Paris and Lisbon in March 1945.<ref>((cite news|title=Lisbon-Paris Train Again |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000650/19450321/015/0001 |newspaper=[[Liverpool Daily Post]] |location=England |date=21 March 1945 |access-date=8 September 2018 |url-access=subscription ))</ref>

==Events==
A 1939 crash near [[Tolosa, Spain]] on 29 March killed, amongst others, the artist [[Romilly Fedden]] and his novelist wife [[Katharine Waldo Douglas]].<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1939/04/08/91562063.pdf NYT obit, April 8, 1939]</ref>

On 11 September 1985, a ''Sud Express'' train [[Moimenta-Alcafache train crash|collided head-on with another train near Moimenta-Alcafache station]]. The locomotives exploded and the train, carrying about 400 passengers, immediately caught fire.  Forty-nine deaths were officially confirmed, most caused by the fire, although unofficial estimates put the number of deaths between 100 and 150. A memorial was erected on site.((citation needed|date=July 2013))

==The service today==
[[Image:Sud-express-1.JPG|thumb|The carriage-side nameboard of the ''Sud Express'' today.]]
[[Image:Sud-express-2.JPG|thumb|The complementary gifts which greet 1st class passengers in their sleeping compartments on the ''Sud Express''.]]
[[Image:Sud Express at Valladolid Great Country.JPG|thumb|'Racing snail' locomotive with ''Sud Express''.]]
With the 1989 opening of the [[LGV Atlantique]], the direct service was discontinued in favour of a (faster) combination of two different trains. The original connection from and to Paris is now made with one [[TGV]] to Irun and from Hendaye (the twin border towns on opposite sides of the French/Spanish border).

The continuing ''Sud Express'' runs as a night train from [[Irun]] at the French/Spanish border to Lisbon and from Lisbon to [[Hendaye]]. Until April 2010, facilities existed for 2nd class seated accommodation, 2nd class couchette cars (6-bunk compartments), and 1st class private sleeping compartments for 1, 2 or 3 passengers.

Previously, first class passengers found a bar of chocolate and a small bottle of port in their compartments upon boarding the train, with dinner served in a well-appointed dining and bar car, and a continental breakfast the following morning. However, by 2019 the restaurant facility is no more and catering has been reduced to very basic meals in the bar car.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.seat61.com/trains-and-routes/sud-express-from-irun-and-san-sebastian-to-lisbon.htm |title=Lisbon by Sud Express |last=Smith |first=Mark |date= |website=Seat61.com |publisher=[[The Man in Seat Sixty-One]] |access-date=12 February 2019 |quote=))</ref>

The train consists of a [[Talgo|Talgo IV]] set hired from [[Renfe]] hauled by a [[RENFE Class 252]] between the Irún/Hendaye and Medina del Campo, a [[RENFE Class 334]] between [[Medina del Campo]] and [[Vilar Formoso]] and a [[CP Class 5600]] between Vilar Formoso and Lisbon.

The Portuguese Government's strategic plan for transport, published in October 2011, envisaged the withdrawal of the ''Sud Express''. The service (as of January 2019) has so far survived.

In October 2012, CP started an Intercity (later downgraded to InterRegional) service between Porto and Coimbra in order to improve the connection between the Sud Express and northern Portugal.<ref>[http://www.cp.pt/cp/displayPage.do?vgnextoid=1bae6e29d6b74010VgnVCM1000007b01a8c0RCRD CP website - Sud Express]</ref> Also from October on this train in only operated by [[Comboios de Portugal|CP-Comboios de Portugal]].

Since 25 April 2018, the southbound Sud Express starts at Hendaye (instead of Irún), due to the lack of proper certification from the new fleet of [[Euroduplex|TGV 2N2]] operating on the [[LGV Sud Europe Atlantique|LGV SEA]].

==Interruption during the COVID-19 Pandemic==

Due to the Coronavirus pandemic, the service was suspended on 17 March 2020 and (as of December 2022) has not yet resumed.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.dn.pt/dinheiro/cp-retoma-comboio-para-espanha-e-franca-assim-que-fronteira-reabrir-12273333.html|title=CP retoma comboio para Espanha e França assim que fronteira reabrir))</ref> In March 2021, a representative of the Spanish transport ministry said that the country may stop having night trains even after the end of the coronavirus pandemic.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.dinheirovivo.pt/empresas/regresso-do-comboio-internacional-exige-acordo-entre-portugal-e-espanha-13587753.html|title = Regresso do comboio internacional "exige acordo" entre Portugal e Espanha|date = 19 April 2021))</ref>

==See also==
*[[Lists of named passenger trains]]
*[[Nord Express]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Commons category))

[[Category:International named passenger trains]]
[[Category:Night trains]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of France]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of Spain]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of Portugal]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1887]]
[[Category:Regional rail in Spain]]
[[Category:1887 establishments in Europe]]

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