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((Short description|National monument in Nanjing, China))
((Use dmy dates|date=July 2022))

((more citations needed|date=January 2014))

((Infobox Chinese
|pic=Hall of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.jpg
|picsize=200px
|piccap=The main hall of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
|showflag=cp
|c=中山陵
|p=Zhōngshān Líng
|mi=((IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|sh|an|1|-|l|ing|2))
|w=Chungshan Ling
|poj=Tiōng-soaⁿ-lêng
))

'''[[Sun Yat-sen]]'s Mausoleum''' (((zh|t=中山陵|p=Zhōngshān Líng))) is situated at the foot of the second peak of [[Purple Mountain (Nanjing)|Purple Mountain]] in [[Nanjing]], China. Construction of the tomb started in January 1926, and was finished in spring of 1929. The architect was [[Lü Yanzhi]], who died shortly after it was finished. His representative and project partner was his close friend [[Lu Yanzhi|Huang Tanpu]].

== History ==
Sun was born in [[Guangdong]] province of China on 12 November 1866, and died in 1925 in Beijing, China. On 23 April 1929, the Chinese government appointed [[He Yingqin]] to be in charge of laying Sun to rest. On 26 May, the coffin departed from Beijing, and on 28 May, it arrived in [[Nanjing]]. On 1 June 1929, Sun was buried there. Sun, considered to be the "Father of Modern China" both in [[mainland China]] and in [[Taiwan]], fought against the imperial [[Qing Dynasty|Qing]] government and after the [[Xinhai Revolution|1911 revolution]] ended the monarchy, and founded the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]].

=== Selection of the design ===
[[File:Area map, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2013.jpg|thumb|Area map, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2013.]]
A committee decided to host a design competition in order to collect designs for the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. The committee put advertisements in the newspapers on 5 May 1925, inviting architects and designers at home and abroad to send their designs. In exchange for a 10 yuan charge, the committee would provide the designer with 12 pictures of the site. The design would have to adhere to guidelines. It had to be done in a traditional Chinese style that also evoked a modern design with special and memorial substance. Not only should it evoke the Chinese architectural spirit, but also add creativity. Designers were required to insure that the proposed construction costs within 300,000 yuan (the final cost exceeded 3,000,000 Yuan). Over 40 proposals were received. On 20 September 1925, the committee convened in Shanghai, and unanimously selected Lu Yanzhi's proposal.((Citation needed|date=May 2017))

The mausoleum was designed by Lu Yanzhi and completed by [[Poy Gum Lee]] between 1926 and 1929.<ref>((Cite book|url=http://www.mocanyc.org/files/Brochure_PGL_final_small.pdf|title=Chinese Style: Rediscovering the Architecture of Poy Gum Lee 1923–1968, September 24 2015 - January 31, 2016|publisher=Museum of Chinese in America (MOCA)|year=2015|location=New York))</ref>

== Architecture ==
[[Image:sun yatse mausoleum.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Mausoleum of [[Sun Yat-sen]].]]
Reclining on a mountain slope, the majestic mausoleum blends the styles of traditional imperial tombs and modern architecture. Lying on the mountainside, the vault is more than ((convert|700|m|sp=us)) away from the ''[[paifang]]'' on the square below, which is the entrance of the mausoleum. There is a three-tier stone stand on which a huge bronze [[ding (vessel)|ding]], an ancient Chinese vessel symbolizing power, perches. To the north of the square, the ''[[paifang]]'' towers high. Beyond is the ((convert|480|m|adj=on|sp=us)) and ((convert|50|m|adj=on|sp=us))-wide stairway which has 392 stairs leading to the vault. On both sides, pine, cypress, and [[ginkgo biloba|ginkgo trees]] guard the way. At the end of the stairway is a gate which is ((convert|16|m|sp=us)) high and ((convert|27|m|sp=us)) wide. The tri-arched marble gate is inscribed with the personal motto of Sun, with four Chinese characters written by him, "Tian Xia Wei Gong" ("天下爲公") which means "What is under heaven is for all". Inside the gate, there is a pavilion in which a ((convert|9|m|adj=on|sp=us)) [[stele]] is set, which is a memorial monument set by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT). A few stairs up is the sacrificial hall and the vault.
[[Image:Zhongshan12.jpg|thumb|right|Ceiling of the sacrificial hall, displaying the [[Blue Sky with a White Sun|flag]] of the [[Kuomintang]].]]

In front of the sacrificial hall there stands a pair of ''[[huabiao]]'', ancient Chinese ornamental columns, which are 12.6 meters high. The sacrificial hall is actually a palace of ((convert|30|m|sp=us)) in length, ((convert|25|m|sp=us)) in width, and ((convert|29|m|sp=us)) in height. In the center of the hall a ((convert|4.6|m|adj=on|sp=us))-high statue of Sun sits. The statue was sculptured out of Italian white marble.  The hall's ceiling features the flag of the [[Kuomintang]]. Biographical information on Sun is available to visitors in the hall. North of the hall lies the bell-shaped vault, wherein lies the marble false sarcophagus of Sun. Sun's body is interred in a burial chamber 5m below the marble false sarcophagus in a bronze coffin.

Architectural influence of the Mausoleum's design is evident in Taiwan's [[Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall]].
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Scenic Area is located on the '''north side of Zijin Mountain Road in the Zhongshan Scenic Area at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province，China'''.

The core of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Scenic Area is the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, located at the southern foot of Zhongmaofeng in Zhongshan Mountain. It is the tomb of the great democratic revolution pioneer Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The mausoleum building of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is symmetrical on the central axis. From the archway, tomb passage, mausoleum gate, stele pavilion to the memorial hall and tomb chamber, the horizontal distance is 700 meters, and the height difference is 70 meters. There are 392 stone steps and 10 platforms, all made of white granite and reinforced concrete. Frame, covered with blue glass tiles. It is known as "the first mausoleum in the history of modern Chinese architecture". The total area of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Scenic Area is 3.22 square kilometers, including the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and its surrounding music stage, Xiaojing Tripod, Yangzhi Pavilion, Liuhuixie, Xingjianting, Guanghua Pavilion, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Purple Mountain Adventure Park and other scenic areas Other related attractions.

==High profile visits==
[[File:Jiang and Zhang at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.jpg|thumb|left|Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Xueliang at Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum in 1930s]]
In a historical [[China: The Roots of Madness|documentary]],<ref name=":0">Theodore H. White Mel Stuart, ''China: The Roots of Madness; a Documentary'' (New York,: Norton, 1968).</ref> [[Chiang Kai-shek]], former President of the Republic of China, officiated the opening and paid his visit to Mausoleum reporting his victory of the Northern Expedition to unify China in 1929. Chiang also made a second visit in summer of 1946 after the conclusion of the [[World War II|Second World War]] to report the victory for his cause that mainland China was once again in Chinese sovereignty.<ref name=":0" />

On 27 April 2005, [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) Chairman [[Lien Chan]], his wife, and other KMT members visited the Mausoleum. It was the first visit of KMT members to the site since 1949.

On 15 November 2006, a visit was made to the mausoleum by Sun's granddaughter, [[Sun Huiying]], who was by then over eighty years old.

In May 2008, [[Wu Po-hsiung]] became the first ruling KMT Chairman to visit the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum since 1949. There were concerns that the 392 steps leading to the tomb would be too taxing given Wu's leg injuries.

On 12 February 2014, [[Wang Yu-chi]] became the first ROC government official in office to visit the site after the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/8SwIU9ku7DI Ghostarchive]((cbignore)) and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20140630081226/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SwIU9ku7DI Wayback Machine]((cbignore)): ((cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SwIU9ku7DI| title = Taiwan Official Visits Sun Yat-Sen's Tomb in China | via=[[YouTube]]))((cbignore))</ref>

On 31 October 2016, KMT chairwoman [[Hung Hsiu-chu]] visited the mausoleum during her mainland trip for the [[Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum|Cross-strait Peace Development Forum]].((Citation needed|date=October 2020))

Former ROC president [[Ma Ying-Jeou]] visited the mausoleum on 28 March 2023.<ref>((cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/taiwan-president-ma-yingjeou-visits-china-90c8ce038e2a02d186b53ed4a975d88b | title=Former Taiwan leader begins mainland tour at historic tomb | website=[[Associated Press]] | date=28 March 2023 ))</ref>

== Modifications ==
In 1981, Lily Sun, a granddaughter of Sun Yat-sen, visited the mausoleum. The flag of the KMT had been removed from the ceiling at the time of her visit, but was later restored. In May 2011 on another visit, she was surprised to find the four characters "General Rules of Meetings" (((lang|zh-Hant|會議通則))), a document that Sun wrote in reference to [[Robert's Rules of Order]] had been removed from a stone carving.<ref>((Cite web|title=Granddaughter of Sun Yat-Sen accuses China of distorting his legacy|url=http://shanghaiist.com/2011/10/03/granddaughter_of_sun_yat-sen_accuse/|date=2011-10-03|website=Shanghaiist|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-05))</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery class="center" widths="180" heights="180">
Image:Sunzhongshan.jpg|Marble sarcophagus
File:Sun Yat-sen Sacrificial Hall table.jpg|Sun Yat-sen Sacrificial Hall information
File:Sun-jat-sen nanjing 140883.jpg|Statue in the Mausoleum, [[Kuomintang]] flag on the ceiling
Image:Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.jpg|Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in [[Nanjing]]
File:Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum 1st May 2011.jpg|1 May 2011 ([[Labour Day]])
File:Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum at 1st May 2011.jpg|1 May 2011
Image:boaifang.jpg|The Entrance Gate
Image:Ryoumon02.jpg|Gate
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall]]
*[[Cihu Mausoleum]]
*[[Ching-kuo Memorial Hall]]
*[[Touliao Mausoleum]]
*[[Linggu Temple]] and Tomb of [[Tan Yankai]]
*[[:zh:梅花山 (南京)|Plum Blossom Mountain]] in [[Nanjing]] (Former Tomb of [[Wang Jingwei]], demolished in 1946)
*Tomb of [[Hu Hanmin]] at [[:zh:龍洞街道 (廣州市)|Longyandong]], [[Guangzhou]]
*[[Wu Zhihui]] Memorial park in [[Kinmen]]
*[[Yangmingshan]] Cemetery, [[Beitou District]], [[Taipei]]
* [[Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall]]
* [[Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall]]
* [[Sun Yat Sen Memorial House]]
* [[Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang]]
* [[Sun Yat Sen Memorial Park]]
*[[Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Music Stage]],Music stage located near the mausoleum.

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((commons category|Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum))
*[http://www.zschina.org.cn/ Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum national park]

((Sun Yat-sen))
((Jiangsu topics))
((Authority control))
((coord|32|3|51.90|N|118|50|53.77|E|type:landmark|display=title))

[[Category:Monuments and memorials to Sun Yat-sen]]
[[Category:Mausoleums in China]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Nanjing]]
[[Category:Parks in Nanjing]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1929]]
[[Category:Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Jiangsu]]
[[Category:AAAA-rated tourist attractions]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nanjing]]
[[Category:Cemeteries in Nanjing]]

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