You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Infobox Port
|name=Port of Sunda Kelapa
|image=Pinisi Sunda Kelapa.jpg
|image_size=
|image_caption=[[Pinisi]] line up at Sunda Kelapa
|country=((flagicon|Indonesia)) [[Indonesia]]
|pushpin_map=Yes
|locode=
|location=[[North Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
|coordinates=((Coord|-6.123871|106.80861|type:landmark_region:ID-JK|display=inline,title))
|opened=
|operated=[[Indonesia Port Corporations]]
|owner=
|type=Natural seaport
|sizewater=
|sizeland=50.8 Ha
|size=
|berths=
|wharfs=
|piers=
|employees=
|arrivals=Hourly
|leadershiptitle=
|leader=
|website=((URL|http://www.indonesiaport.co.id/read/sunda-kelapa.html))
))

[[File:Watchtower Sunda Kelapa.jpg|thumb|right|Harbormaster Tower of Sunda Kelapa.]]
'''Sunda Kelapa''' (((lang-su|((Sund|ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮊᮜᮕ)), '''Sunda Kalapa'''))) is the old port of [[Jakarta]], located on the estuary of the [[Ciliwung River]]. "Sunda Kalapa" ([[Sundanese language|Sundanese]]: "Coconut of Sunda") is the original name, and it was the main port of the [[Sunda Kingdom]]. The port is situated in [[Penjaringan]] District, of [[North Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]. Today the old port only accommodates [[pinisi]], a traditional two-masted wooden sailing ship providing inter-island [[freight]] service in the archipelago.  Although it is now only a minor port, Jakarta has its origins in Sunda Kelapa and it played a significant role in the city's development. The port is currently operated by the state-owned [[Indonesia Port Corporations]].

==History==
((moresources|section|date=August 2022))
===Hindu-Buddhist period===
The Chinese source, ''[[Zhu Fan Zhi]]'', written circa 1200, [[Chou Ju-kua]] identified the two most powerful and richest kingdoms in the [[Indonesian archipelago]] as [[Sriwijaya]] and Java ([[Kediri (historical kingdom)|Kediri]]). According to this source, in the early 13th Century, [[Sriwijaya]] still ruled Sumatra, the Malay peninsula, and western Java ([[Sunda Kingdom|Sunda]]). The source identified the port as strategic and thriving, [[Black pepper|pepper]] from Sunda being among the best in quality. The people worked in agriculture and their houses were built on wooden poles (''rumah panggung''). However, robbers and thieves plagued the country.<ref>((cite book | author= Drs. R. Soekmono| title= ''Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2'', 2nd ed. | publisher = Penerbit Kanisius | date= 1973 | location =Yogyakarta| pages =60 ))</ref> However it was uncertain which port of Sunda was referred to by Chou Ju-kua, it probably referred to the port of [[Banten (town)|Banten]], and not Sunda Kalapa.

From the 13th to 16th century Sunda Kelapa was the main port of the [[Sunda Kingdom]]. The port served the capital, [[Pakuan Pajajaran]], located about 60&nbsp;km inland south, along the Ciliwung river [[hinterland]], now the site of modern [[Bogor]]. The port thrived on the international spice trade especially [[black pepper|pepper]], the main spice produce of the Sunda kingdom. Sunda Kelapa, together with [[Banda Aceh|Aceh]] and [[Makassar]], was one of the few Indonesian ports that maintained ties with Europe.

==The Portuguese==
[[Image:Padrao sunda kelapa.jpg|thumb|180px|right|[[Luso-Sundanese padrão|''Padrão'' of Sunda Kalapa]] (1522), a stone pillar commemorating a treaty between the kingdoms of [[Portugal]] and [[Sunda kingdom|Sunda]] in [[National Museum of Indonesia|Indonesian National Museum]], Jakarta.]] 
By 1511, the Portuguese had conquered [[Portuguese Malacca|Malacca]] and established the earliest European colony in Southeast Asia. According to [[Suma Oriental]], written in 1512–1515, [[Tomé Pires]], a Portuguese explorer reported about the importance of the port of ''Calapa'' which corresponds to the port of Sunda Kalapa.

((quote box
| width  = 50%
| align  = center
| quote  = "The port of '''''Calapa''''' is a magnificent port. It is the most important and best of all. This is where the trade is greatest and whither they all sail from Sumatra, and Palembang, ''Laue, Tamjompura, Malacca, Macassar'', Java and Madura and many other places. … This port is two days’ journey from the city of ''Dayo'' where the king is always in residence, so that this is the one to be considered the most important."
| salign = left
| source = ''Suma Oriental''.<ref name="Suma">((cite book  |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=h82D-Y0E3TwC&pg=PA166 |title = The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires: An Account of the East, from Red Sea to China |last = Pires |first = Tomé |orig-year = 1512–1515 |work  = Armando Cortesão |publisher  = Asian Educational Services|location=New Delhi |date=1990|isbn = 81-206-0535-7 |page = 166 |access-date = 16 January 2013 ))</ref> 
))

In 1522, the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] secured [[Luso Sundanese padrão|a political and economic agreement]] with the [[Sunda Kingdom|Hindu Kingdom of Sunda]], the authority of the port. In exchange for military assistance against the threat of the rising Islamic Javan [[Demak Sultanate|Sultanate of Demak]], Prabu Surawisesa, king of Sunda at that time, granted them free access to the pepper trade. Portuguese who were in the service of the sovereign made their homes in Sunda Kelapa and were the first Christians in the lands of present day Indonesia.

However, in 1527, [[Fatahillah]], on behalf of the [[Sultanate of Demak|Demak]] attacked the Portuguese in Sunda Kelapa and succeeded in conquering the harbour on 22 June 1527, after which Sunda Kelapa was renamed '''Jayakarta'''.<ref name="autogenerated2">((cite web |url=http://www.beritajakarta.com/english/AboutJakarta/HistoryofJakarta.asp |title=History of Jakarta |work=BeritaJakarta |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820052725/http://www.beritajakarta.com/english/AboutJakarta/HistoryofJakarta.asp |archive-date=2011-08-20 ))</ref> Later, the port became a part of the [[Sultanate of Banten|Banten Sultanate]].

==The VOC==
[[Image:fort sunda kelapa.jpg|thumb|right|Old warehouses near Sunda Kelapa port, now the ([[Maritime Museum (Indonesia)|Maritime Museum]]).]]
In 1619, [[Jan Pieterszoon Coen]], an official working for the [[Dutch East India Company]], seized the port of Jayakarta from the Sultanate of Banten and founded [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]]. During the early period of VOC, the port was mainly used by small ships which were able to sail into the canal and toward the [[Kali Besar]], where goods were loaded and ships were repaired in shipyards i.e. the VOC and the Chinese shipyards located opposite of the [[Batavia Castle]]. Larger ships were difficult to enter the port due to its narrow width as well as the shallow water, so these had to anchor out at sea.((sfn|Merrillees|2001|p=19)) 

By the late 17th-century maintenance of the port already prove to be very difficult, due to sandbanks continuously building up at its mouth and around the area. A fortification called [[Waterkasteel (Batavia)|Waterkasteel]] was built in 1741 to provide protection to the harbour. In the 18th-century, for a short time the VOC made use of slaves and horses to tow dredges along the canal from its eastern bank. The strategy proved to be inefficient and caused loss of life, partly also because of the unsanitary condition and the heat of the tropical climate.((sfn|Merrillees|2001|p=19))

==Modern colonialism==
During the 19th-century, the port was known as the ''Haven Kanaal'' ("Harbor Canal"). Being the only entrance to Batavia, it earned the nickname "Roads of Batavia" or "Batavia's Roadstead". The port was still a narrow canaled harbor, so large vessels still had to anchor their ships further north. Smaller ships, known as "lighters", were used to transport cargo and passengers to the port. The lighters were described as a very small and very shallow iron steamship, which replaced the earlier large rowing boats. The condition of the ''Haven Kanaal'' during the period was deteriorating and performed below the accepted standards, which was similar with the condition of the [[Kota Tua Jakarta|Old Town]] at that time. The whole process of carrying passengers and cargo were time-consuming and could be dangerous during stormy weather. Accidents (e.g. collisions between ships with moored junks) were recorded.((sfn|Merrillees|2001|p=19))

In 1885, the [[Netherlands East Indies]] government decided to build a new [[Tanjung Priok]] port to accommodate the increasing traffic as a result of the opening of the [[Suez Canal]].<ref>Cobban, James L. 1985. The ephemeral historic district in Jakarta. ''Geographical Review'' 75(3):300-318.</ref> The new port is located 9 kilometers to the east from the old port.

==Post-independence==
After the independence of the [[Republic of Indonesia]], the Batavia old port was renamed back to its original name, Sunda Kelapa, as a tribute to the long history of the port as the cradle of Jakarta.

== See also ==
* [[Jakarta Old Town]]

==Notes==
((Reflist))

==Works cited==
((Refbegin))
* Adolf Heuken SJ dan Grace Pamungkas, 2000, ''Galangan Kapal Batavia selama tiga ratus tahun''. Jakarta:Cipta Loka Caraka/Sunda Kelapa Lestari ((in lang|id)) 
* Jan Gonda, 1951, ''Sanskrit in Indonesia''. ((in lang|en)) 
*((cite book |last=Merrillees |first=Scott |date=2001 |title=Batavia in Nineteenth Century Photographs |location=Singapore |publisher=Editions Didier Millet |isbn=9789813018778 ))
* Supratikno Rahardjo et al., 1996, ''Sunda Kelapa sebagai Bandar di Jalur Sutra. Laporan Penelitian''. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI ((in lang|id)) 
* Thomas B. Ataladjar dan Sudiyono, 1991, 'Sunda Kelapa' di ''Ensiklopedi Nasional Indonesia''. Jakarta: Cipta Adi Pustaka ((in lang|id))
((Refend))

==External links==
((Commons category|Sunda Kelapa))
* [http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/0404/25/0903.htm Menyusuri Kota Tua Jakarta, Pikiran Rakyat] ((in lang|id)) 
* [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0312/18/metro/754153.htm Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa yang Terabaikan] ((in lang|id))

[[Category:Ports and harbours of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Sunda Kingdom]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jakarta]]
[[Category:Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Jakarta]]
[[Category:North Jakarta]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Sunda Kelapa (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Commons category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Coord (view source) (protected)
Template:Country data Indonesia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Digits (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flagicon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flagicon/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Has short description (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:In lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox Port (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Infobox mapframe (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox port (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Lang-su (edit)
Template:Lang-su-fonts (edit)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Moresources (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Quote box (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Quote box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refbegin (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refbegin/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refend (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Replace (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Sfn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sister project (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sund (edit)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:URL (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/whitelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:GetParameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:In lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox mapframe (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Mapframe (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:URL (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Sunda Kelapa.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda_Kelapa"