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Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
القيادة العليا للجهاد والتحرير
LeadersSalah Al-Mukhtar
Dates of operation3 October 2007 – 18 December 2011
Active regionsIraq, Sunni Triangle
IdeologyBa'athism
Iraqi nationalism
Arab socialism
Size1,000+
AlliesNaqshbandi Army
MCIR
Free Iraqi Army
Anbar Tribal Councils
OpponentsIraq Republic of Iraq

Kurdistan Region Kurdistan Regional Government

Iran Iran

Syria Syria

ISIL
Battles and warsIraqi insurgency (2003–11)
Civil war in Iraq (2006–07)
Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)

The Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation (a.k.a. Supreme Council of Jihad and Liberation or SCJL or Ba'athist Loyalists) is an Iraqi front comprising some 23 militia groups formed in October 2007 and were led by former Iraqi vice president and deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri. The name is also often used to refer to the largest militia in the front, the Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order (also known by its Arabic initials JRTN), which was commanded by Douri himself.[1]

The formation of the coalition was announced on 3 October 2007 in a videotaped message broadcast on the Arab satellite television channel Al Arabiya and in a statement posted on a Ba'athist website.[2]

Ideology

The group laid down a series of eight terms and conditions in order for negotiations with U.S. forces to take place:[3]

  1. Officially recognize the patriotic Resistance and all the patriotic, Arab nationalist, and Islamist Resistance organizations in all their armed and civil organizations as the sole legitimate representative of Iraq and its people.
  2. Officially announce an unconditional withdrawal from Iraq – whether that be immediate or in short stages.
  3. Halt raids, pursuits, killings, destruction, sabotage, dispossession, and expulsions and withdraw the occupation troops from all population centers.
  4. Free all prisoners and detainees without exception and compensate them for their losses.
  5. Return to service the Iraqi Army and national security forces, which were declared dissolved by the Americans during their invasion in 2003. They are to be restored in keeping with the rules and traditions that were in force before the American invasion and they must also be compensated for their losses.
  6. Pledge to compensate Iraq for all the material and moral losses and injuries caused the country by the occupation.
  7. Cancel all laws, decrees, and other pieces of legislation issued after the occupation.
  8. Hold direct talks with the Resistance on implementing a program to fulfill the principles adhered to by the Supreme Command.

Leadership

In addition to naming ad-Douri head of the group, the Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation also appointed several others to its general staff:[4]

Included groups

The Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation is made up of 23 resistance groups. The coalition is led by a Sufi Muslim group – "The Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order." Ad-Douri is said to have ascribed to Sufism, a mystical form of Islam, in his later years.[5]

The 23 named groups include:[3]

  1. The Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
  2. The Army of the Prophet's Companions (Jaish al-Sahaba)
  3. The Army of the Murabiteen (Jaish al-Murabiteen)
  4. The Army of al-Hamzah (Jaish al-Hamzah)
  5. The Army of the Message (Jaish al-Risala)
  6. The Army of Ibn al-Walid (Jaish Ibn al-Walid)
  7. The United Command of the Mujahideen in Iraq
  8. The Liberation Brigades (Kataeb al-Tahrir)
  9. The Army of al-Mustafa (Jaish al-Mustafa)
  10. The Army of the Liberation of Iraq (Jaish Tahrir Iraq)
  11. Squadrons of the Martyrs (Saraya al-Shuhada)
  12. The Army of the Sabireen (Jaish al-Sabireen)
  13. The Brigades of the Jihad in the Land of the Two Rivers
  14. The Army of the Knight for the Liberation of the Self-Rule Area
  15. Squadrons of the Jihad in Basra (Saraya al-Jihad al-Basrah)
  16. Jihadist Squadrons of Fallujah (Saraya al-Falluja al-Jihadiya)
  17. The Patriotic Popular Front for the Liberation of Iraq
  18. The Squadrons of the Husayni Revolution of at-Taff (Saraya Altaf al-Husayni)
  19. Squadrons of the Liberation of the South (Saraya Tahrir al-Junoob)
  20. Army of Haneen (Jaish al-Haneen)
  21. Squadrons of Diyala for Jihad and Liberation
  22. The Squadrons of Glory for the Liberation of Iraq
  23. Kurdistan Liberation Army[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (23 January 2014). "Comprehensive Reference Guide to Sunni Militant Groups in Iraq". Jihadology. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.((cite web)): CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ Saddam ex-deputy heads new insurgent coalition: report Archived 25 January 2013 at archive.today Agence France-Presse, 3 October 2007
  3. ^ a b Al Douri forms nationalist Sunni coalition The Long War Journal, 4 October 2007
  4. ^ Iraqi Resistance announces Founding of Supreme Command for the Jihad and Liberation in Baghdad AlBasrah.net, 3 October 2007
  5. ^ Iraqi Insurgents Announce New Coalition Associated Press, International Herald Tribune, 3 October 2007
  6. ^ Kurdistan Liberation Army Pledges Allegiance to al Douri CBS News, 22 December 2008

External links

Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
Arab nationalism
Categories