Surama
Amerindian village
Map showing location of Surama in Guyana
Map showing location of Surama in Guyana
Surama
Location in Guyana
Coordinates: 4°8′13″N 59°4′6″W / 4.13694°N 59.06833°W / 4.13694; -59.06833[1]
Country Guyana
RegionUpper Takutu-Upper Essequibo
Founded1974
Founded byFred and Theo Allicock[2]
Government
 • Senior CouncilorMichael Allicock (2012)[2]
Area
[2]
 • Total10 km2 (5 sq mi)
Population
 (2012)[3]
 • Total274
 • Density21/km2 (55/sq mi)

Surama is an Amerindian village in the North Rupununi area and the Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region of Guyana, with a population of 274 people as of 2012.[3]

The village is primarily inhabited by Makushi people.[4][5][6]

History

The area of land in which Surama is located has been inhabited sporadically for many years. An established cattle-trail ran through the area in the early twentieth century, and Surama was an important stopping-point on that trail. As the cattle-trail dwindled, however, so did the number of inhabitants in the area, and by the 1970s Surama was completely deserted. The modern village of Surama was founded in the 1974[2] by two brothers, Fred and Theo Allicock.[7]

Eco-Tourism

Photograph of Surama Eco Lodge
Surama Eco-Lodge (2009)

Following the construction of the Linden-Lethem road in the mid to late 1970s, Surama and surrounding areas became more accessible to the general public. In 1996, Surama received its first tourists, and the money they gave the community to pay for their stay funded the construction of Surama's first guest-lodge. Since that time the village has become a leader in community-based, eco-tourism in Guyana.[7] In 2011, Surama Eco-Lodge was listed by the National Geographic as one of the "best hotels in Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela"; and in the same year it was the joint winner of the Caribbean Tourism Organisation Excellence in Sustainable Tourism Award, along with Harrison's Cave in Barbados.[8][9]

Description and Location

Surama village extends across 12.95 squared kilometres (5 square miles) of land, and is located in a valley on the border of the Guyanese rainforest and the North Rupununi savannahs. It is bounded by Iwokrama Forest protected area, the Burro-Burro River, and the Pacaraima Mountains. Surama Mountain lies to the East of the village.[7]

Economy

Up until the mid-1990s, Surama's economy relied primarily on subsistence agriculture, with a minority of male villagers taking paid jobs as loggers or gold-miners in the North-West region of Guyana or across the border in Brazil.[7] Following the increasing success with eco-tourism, however, Surama Eco-Tourism now provides approximately 60% of Surama's income, with 75% of households deriving income from the tourist trade.[10]

References

  1. ^ Guyana and the Guianas (Map) (2nd ed.). 1,200,000. Vancouver: ITMB:International Travel Maps. 2004. ISBN 978-1553412373.
  2. ^ a b c d "Surama". Ministry of Indigenous Peoples’ Affairs. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  3. ^ a b "2012 Population by Village". Statistics Guyana. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  4. ^ Smock, Kirk (2009). Guyana: The Bradt Travel Guide. UK: Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 234. ISBN 9781841622231. surama guyana.
  5. ^ Hammond, Richard (21 April 2007). "Clean break: Surama Village, Guyana". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  6. ^ Barrell, Sarak (24 September 2005). "Guyana's Rainforest: Rumble in the Jungle". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  7. ^ a b c d Laughlin, Nicholas (September–October 2006). "Great Beyond: Guyana's Rupununi". Caribbean Beat. 81.
  8. ^ Anon. "Best Hotels in Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela". National Geographic Official Website. National Geographic. Archived from the original on March 14, 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  9. ^ Stabroek Staff (12 April 2011). "Surama Lodge gets ecotourism kudos from CTO". Stabroek News. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  10. ^ Marks, Neil (10 October 2010). "Visionary Amerindian Leader, Sydney Allicock, is a 'Special Person'". Kaieteur News. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
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