Suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations is the most serious punishment that can be administered to members of the Commonwealth. In the absence of any mechanism by which to expel countries that breach its rules, the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG) may choose to suspend members from the 'Councils of the Commonwealth', which amounts to the suspension of their formal membership of the organisation, although their participation in activities of the Commonwealth Family of organisations is not necessarily affected.

Four countries have ever been suspended from the Commonwealth since the inception of the device in 1987. It was first applied to Fiji during the 1987 Fijian coups d'état which resulted in its democratic institutions being overthrown. Pakistan has been suspended twice, Fiji three times, and Zimbabwe withdrew from the Commonwealth.

List of suspensions

Member Suspension began Suspension ended
 Fiji (first time) 1987[1] 1 Oct 1997[2]
 Nigeria 11 November 1995[3] 29 May 1999[4]
 Pakistan (first time) 18 October 1999[5] 22 May 2004[6]
 Fiji (second time) 6 June 2000[7] 20 December 2001[8]
 Zimbabwe 19 March 2002[8] 7 December 2003[9] by leaving the Commonwealth
 Fiji (third time) 8 December 2006[10] 26 September 2014[11] [nb 1]
 Pakistan (second time) 22 November 2007[14] 22 May 2008[15]
  1. ^ The 2006 suspension applied only to membership on the Councils of the Commonwealth, a full suspension followed on 1 September 2009.[12] This suspension was subsequently extended to include exclusion from all Commonwealth meetings, sporting events and the technical assistance programme (with an exception for assistance in re-establishing democracy).[12] In March 2014 full exclusion was eased permitting Fiji to join in a number of Commonwealth activities, including the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.[13]

Footnotes

  1. ^ "The suspended Commonwealth member: Fiji".
  2. ^ "Press Release: Fiji".
  3. ^ "Nigeria – History". Commonwealth Secretariat. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
  4. ^ Ingram, Derek (October 1999). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 88 (352): 547–567. doi:10.1080/003585399107758.
  5. ^ Ingram, Derek (January 2000). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 89 (353): 45–57. doi:10.1080/750459452.
  6. ^ Ingram, Derek (July 2004). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 93 (375): 311–42. doi:10.1080/0035853042000249933.
  7. ^ Ingram, Derek (July 2000). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 89 (355): 311–55. doi:10.1080/00358530050083406.
  8. ^ a b Ingram, Derek (April 2002). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 91 (364): 131–59. doi:10.1080/00358530220144148.
  9. ^ "Editorial: CHOGM 2003, Abuja, Nigeria". The Round Table. 93 (373): 3–6. January 2004. doi:10.1080/0035853042000188139.
  10. ^ Ingram, Derek; Soal, Judith (February 2007). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 96 (388): 2–28. doi:10.1080/00358530701189734.
  11. ^ "Fiji", Commonwealth Network
  12. ^ a b "Fiji Suspended from the Commonwealth". Commonwealth Secretariat. 1 September 209. Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  13. ^ Foreign & Commonwealth Office Minister welcomes Commonwealth statement on Fiji, retrieved 31 July 2014
  14. ^ Gruenbaum, Oren (February 2008). "Commonwealth Update". The Rectangularr Table. 97 (394): 3–17. doi:10.1080/00358530701864963.
  15. ^ Gruenbaum, Oren (June 2008). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 97 (396): 341–54. doi:10.1080/00358530802159347.
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