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((Short description|Short stick carried by an official as a symbol of authority))
((more citations needed|date=January 2013))
((Use dmy dates|date=June 2020))
[[File:Unidentified British soldier… (10306058923).jpg|thumb|Scottish soldier with a swagger stick, 1921]]
A '''swagger stick''' is a short stick or [[Crop (implement)|riding crop]] usually carried by a uniformed person as a symbol of authority. A swagger stick is shorter than a [[Walking stick|staff]] or [[Walking stick|cane]], and is usually made from [[rattan]]. Its use derives from the [[vine staff]] carried by [[Roman army|Roman]] [[centurion]]s as an emblem of office.<ref>((Cite book  |title=The Roman Imperial Army of the first and second centuries A.D. |location=London|first=Graham |last=Webster |authorlink=Graham Webster (archaeologist) |publisher=[[Constable and Company]] |year=1979 |isbn= 0-09-475660-0 |page=132))</ref>

==United Kingdom==
In the British Army before [[World War I]], swagger sticks were carried by all [[Other ranks (UK)|other ranks]] when off duty, as part of their walking out uniform. The stick took the form of a short cane of polished wood, with an ornamented metal head of regimental pattern. The usual custom was for the [[private soldier]] or [[non-commissioned officer]] (NCO) to carry the stick tucked under his arm. Cavalrymen carried a small riding cane instead of the swagger stick of infantry and other branches.<ref>((Cite book
  |title=A Dictionary of Military Uniform
  |first=W.Y  |last=Carman
  |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons
  |year=1977
  |isbn=0-684-15130-8
  |page=125
))</ref>

In the [[British Army]] and other military forces following the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] traditions, [[commissioned officer]]s of most infantry regiments formerly carried swagger sticks (described as canes) when on duty, whilst warrant officers and senior NCOs carried [[pace stick]]s instead. This practice continues in some regiments, especially by [[warrant officer]]s when in [[Uniforms of the British Army|Barrack Dress]]. [[Cavalry]] officers would often carry a [[Crop (implement)|riding crop]] rather than a swagger stick, in deference to their mounted traditions. In some Irish regiments in the British army, such as the [[Royal Irish Regiment (1992)]], officers carried a [[blackthorn]] walking stick, based on the [[shillelagh (club)|shillelagh]]. In the [[Royal Tank Regiment]], officers carried an '[[ashplant|ash plant]]' or walking stick instead, in reference to [[World War I]] tank attacks, when officers would prepare lines of advance by testing the ground's firmness and suitability for tanks.<ref>((Cite book
  |title=Landships: British Tanks in the First World War
  |first=David  |last=Fletcher
  |authorlink=David Fletcher (military historian)
  |publisher=[[HMSO]]
  |year=1984
  |isbn=0-11-290409-2
  |page=25
))</ref>

==United States==
[[File:Hllitzenberg-usmc.jpg|thumb|[[Homer Litzenberg]] holding a swagger stick in his official portrait in the late 1950s]]
Swagger sticks were once in vogue in the [[United States Marine Corps]], starting as an informal accessory carried by officers in the late 19th century. In 1915, it gained official approval as [[military recruiting|recruiters]] were encouraged to carry them to improve their public image. This tradition grew when Marines deployed for [[World War I]] encountered European officers carrying swagger sticks, leading to an entry in the uniform regulations in 1922 authorizing enlisted marines to carry them as well. The usage died down in the 1930s and 40s, with the exception of [[China Marines]], and came back into vogue with a 1952 regulation encouraging them, reaching a peak from 1956 to 1960 when on 4 January 1960, the [[Commandant of the United States Marine Corps|Commandant]], [[General officer|General]] [[David M. Shoup]], commented on their use with regard to uniforms and equipment.
<blockquote>There is one item of equipment about which I have a definite opinion. It is the swagger stick. It shall remain an optional item of interference. If you feel the need of it, carry it…<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.usmcu.edu/Research/Marine-Corps-History-Division/Frequently-Requested-Topics/Historical-Documents-Orders-and-Speeches/Swagger-Stick/|title=Marine Corps University > Research > Marine Corps History Division > Frequently Requested Topics > Historical Documents, Orders and Speeches > Swagger Stick))</ref></blockquote>

General [[George S. Patton]] carried a swagger stick throughout [[World War II]]; however, his contained a concealed blade, similar to a Victorian gentleman's [[Swordstick|sword cane]].<ref>[http://museumofworldwarii.org/america-military-might.html See under the GENERAL GEORGE S. PATTON, JR. section]</ref>

==See also==
* ((annotated link|Baton (military)))
* ((annotated link|Military rank))
* ((annotated link|Pace stick))
* ((annotated link|Vine staff))

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-equip/pace-stick.htm The RSM's Pace Stick & Swagger Sticks]
* [https://archive.today/20130110155546/http://www.ourfutureourpast.ca/newspapr/np_page2.asp?code=nnjp0067.jpg 01 September 1917 article on origins of the Swagger Stick]

((authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Swagger Stick))
[[Category:Law enforcement equipment]]
[[Category:British Army equipment]]
[[Category:Military equipment of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military uniforms]]
[[Category:Military equipment of the United States]]
[[Category:United States Army equipment]]
[[Category:Walking sticks]]

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