The Symphony in B♭ major "No. 54", K. Anh. 216/74g/Anh.C 11.03, may have been written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1771, in Salzburg.

\relative c'' { \key bes \major \tempo "Allegro" \time 3/4 <bes d,>2.\fp bes'\fp a\fp es,\fp d\fp bes''\fp c,32\p (d es8.) \repeat unfold 4 {c8-.} c32 (d es8.) \repeat unfold 4 {c8-.} <f bes, d,>2\f \grace f16(es8) d16 c bes c d es f g a bes bes,4 }


The symphony is scored for two oboes or two flutes,[1] two horns and strings. In contemporary orchestras, it was also usual to include bassoons and harpsichord if they were available in the orchestra to reinforce the bass line and act as the continuo. The duration is approximately 14 minutes.

The symphony consists of the following movements:

  1. Allegro, 3
    4
  2. Andante, 2
    4
  3. Menuet, 3
    4
  4. Allegro molto, 2
    4

The Alte Mozart-Ausgabe (published 1879–1882) gives the numbering sequence 1–41 for the 41 numbered symphonies. The unnumbered symphonies (some, including K. 74g, published in supplements to the Alte-Mozart Ausgabe until 1910) are sometimes given numbers in the range 42 to 56, even though they were written earlier than Mozart's Symphony No. 41 (written in 1788). The symphony K. 74g is given the number 54 in this numbering scheme.

History and attribution

This symphony (among others) was known to Ludwig Ritter von Köchel only by an incipit in the catalogue of Breitkopf & Härtel, and so he placed it in the Anhang of the Köchel catalogue as Anh. 216. A set of parts (now lost) was discovered in the Berlin State Library in the early 20th century and was published by Breitkopf & Härtel in 1910 and edited by Max Seiffert. This set of parts may have been taken out of the library by Seiffert before they were catalogued (since the set of parts were never catalogued) and then never returned (this presumably went unnoticed as they had not been catalogued). Zaslaw speculates that the parts may have become part of the Berlinka art collection and joined other Mozart manuscripts in the Jagellonian Library in Kraków.

Due to the loss of the parts, the only source for this symphony was the Breitkopf & Härtel edition (from the Alte Mozart-Ausgabe). Max Seiffert wrote that in an old handwritten catalogue from Breitkopf & Härtel twelve symphonies that were once held in the publishing house are listed, but all had been lost and Köchel could only catalogue them in the appendix as Anh. 214–223 (overlooking two of them), but later two were found in the Berlin State Library, K. Anh. 214 and 216. They were dated 1770–1771, from Italy.

Alfred Einstein wrote in his edition of the Köchel catalogue that he believed that the symphony was composed between the two Italian journeys in early summer 1771 in Salzburg, gave the symphony the number "74g" and expressed no doubts as to Mozart's authorship. The sixth edition of the Köchel catalogue gave the symphony the number "Anh.C 11.03", putting it into the spurious and doubtful works category for stylistic reasons.

For the twelve symphonies (K. Anh. 214–223, K. Anh.C 11.07, and K. Anh.C 11.08) that were originally only known by an incipit in the Breitkopf & Härtel catalogue, the current statuses of their authenticity are:

K1 K6 GA No. Key Authenticity Incipit (where the work is extant, incipit is on the work's own page)
Anh. 214 45b 55 B♭ major Doubtful see article
Anh. 215 66c — D major Lost
\relative c' { \key d \major \time 2/2 d4 r8 a d4 r8 a | d fis a fis d4 r | }
Anh. 216 (K3. 74g) Anh.C 11.03 54 B♭ major Doubtful see above
Anh. 217 66d — B♭ major Lost
\relative c''' { \key bes \major <bes d, f,>4 r <bes d, f,> r | <bes d, f,> r8. bes,16 bes'4 g }
Anh. 218 66e — B♭ major Lost
\relative c'' { \time 3/4 \key bes \major bes4 d f | f4. g8 f4 | bes d, e | }
Anh. 219 Anh.C 11.06 — D major Spurious; actually by Leopold Mozart not available
Anh. 220 16a — A minor Spurious see article
Anh. 221 45a — G major Unquestionably genuine see article
Anh. 222 19b — C major Lost and doubtful see article
Anh. 223 19a — F major Unquestionably genuine see article
(K3. Anh. 223) Anh.C 11.07 — D major Lost and doubtful
\relative c' { \key d \major \time 2/2 << \new Voice = "first" { \voiceOne \partial 16 d16 d1} \new Voice= "second" { \voiceTwo \partial 16 d16 d1} >> }
(K3. Anh. 223) Anh.C 11.08 — F Lost and doubtful
\relative c' { \override Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn #'line-break-permission = ##f \key f \major \time 2/2 f4 r8. \times 2/3 {c32 d e} f4 a | c r r2 | f,4 r r c'8.(f16) | \slurDashed f2(e8) \slurSolid d(f d) | }

(Symphonies which may have been written by Mozart have their Köchel numbers bolded.)

Some symphonies are still missing (K. 19b, 66c, 66d, 66e, Anh.C 11.07, and Anh.C 11.08), and some not in the catalogue of Breitkopf & Härtel were included into the main catalogue (K. 75, K. 76, K. 81, K. 95, K. 96, K. 97 and K. 98) despite the manuscripts being unauthorized. However, since these symphonies with unauthorised manuscripts (and K. 45b, which was discovered later) were considered to be by Mozart for stylistic reasons, it would be logical that these symphonies and K. 74g should either all be considered doubtful or all be considered authentic.[2]

The Neue Mozart-Ausgabe puts K. 74g in the supplement of "Works of Doubtful Authenticity" and includes a detailed discussion of the sources and authenticity so that, as with the other symphonies of uncertain authorship, a possible authorship of Mozart may be conceded with all due caution.

The symphony has been recorded by the Academy of Ancient Music and The English Concert.

References

  1. ^ The catalogue of Breitkopf & Härtel lists two flutes, but the parts discovered in 1910 show two oboes instead. This may be explained by the flutes substituting for the oboes in the slow movement (or vice versa), as they do in some other early symphonies by Mozart, such as K. 43 and K. 73.
  2. ^ Neal Zaslaw: Symphony in B-flat major, K. Anh.C 11.03/74g/Anh. 216. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: The Symphonies Vol VII. Recording of the Academy of Ancient Music. Concertmaster: Jaap Schröder, Continuo: Christopher Hogwood. Decca Record, London 1988.

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