This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Syndiniales" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Syndiniales
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Sar
(unranked):
Alveolata
Phylum:
Dinoflagellata
Class:
Syndiniophyceae
Order:
Syndiniales

Loeblich III, 1976
Family
  • Hematodiniidae
  • Coccidiniaceae
  • Euduboscquellidae
  • Syndiniaceae
  • Amoebophryaceae
  • Sphaeriparaceae
Synonyms
  • Coccidinales Chatton & Biecheler 1934

The Syndiniales are an order of early branching dinoflagellates (also known as Marine Alveolates, "MALVs"), found as parasites of crustaceans, fish, algae, cnidarians, and protists (ciliates, radiolarians, other dinoflagellates).[1][2][3] The trophic form is often multinucleate, and ultimately divides to form motile spores, which have two flagella in typical dinoflagellate arrangement. They lack a theca and chloroplasts, and unlike all other orders, the nucleus is never a dinokaryon. A well-studied example is Amoebophrya, which is a parasite of other dinoflagellates and may play a part in ending red tides. Several MALV groups have been assigned to Syndiniales;[4] recent studies, however, show paraphyly of MALVs suggesting that only those groups that branch as sister to dinokaryotes ('core dinoflagellates') belong to Syndiniales.[3]

Taxonomy

See also

References

  1. ^ van den Hoek C, Mann DG, Jahns HM (1995). Algae: an Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 277–280. ISBN 0-521-31687-1.
  2. ^ Bråte J, Krabberød AK, Dolven JK, Ose RF, Kristensen T, Bjørklund KR, Shalchian-Tabrizi K (September 2012). "Radiolaria associated with large diversity of marine alveolates". Protist. 163 (5): 767–77. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2012.04.004. PMID 22658831.
  3. ^ a b Strassert JF, Karnkowska A, Hehenberger E, Del Campo J, Kolisko M, Okamoto N, Burki F, Janouškovec J, Poirier C, Leonard G, Hallam SJ, Richards TA, Worden AZ, Santoro AE, Keeling PJ (January 2018). "Single cell genomics of uncultured marine alveolates shows paraphyly of basal dinoflagellates". The ISME Journal. 12 (1): 304–308. doi:10.1038/ismej.2017.167. PMC 5739020. PMID 28994824.
  4. ^ Guillou L, Viprey M, Chambouvet A, Welsh RM, Kirkham AR, Massana R, Scanlan DJ, Worden AZ (December 2008). "Widespread occurrence and genetic diversity of marine parasitoids belonging to Syndiniales (Alveolata)". Environmental Microbiology. 10 (12): 3349–65. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01731.x. PMID 18771501.
  5. ^ Gómez F, Moreira D, López-García P (July 2010). "Molecular phylogeny of noctilucoid dinoflagellates (Noctilucales, Dinophyceae)". Protist. 161 (3): 466–78. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2009.12.005. PMID 20188628.
  6. ^ Gómez F (2012). "A checklist and classification of living dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata)" (PDF). CICIMAR Oceánides. 27 (1): 65–140. doi:10.37543/oceanides.v27i1.111. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-27.


Categories