Syrian Islamic Front الجبهة الإسلامية السورية Al-Jabha Al-Islamiyya Al-Suriyya
Logo of the Syrian Islamic Front
Leaders	Hassan Aboud † (Ahrar ash-Sham)
Dates of operation	December 2012 – November 2013
Group(s)	Ahrar ash-Sham Ansar al-Sham Liwa al-Haqq Jaysh at-Tawheed Kataib Hamza ibn Abdulmutallib Brigade Al-Fajr Islamic Movement Jaysh Al-Tawhid & 4 others
Active regions	Syria
Ideology	Salafi Islamism[1]
Size	25,000 (Dec. 2012, own claim)[2] – 13,000[3] (May 2013)
Allies	Al-Nusra Front (formerly)[4] Free Syrian Army[5][6]
Opponents	Syria People's Protection Units (YPG)[7]
Battles and wars	2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian Civil War
Succeeded by Islamic Front

The Syrian Islamic Front (Arabic: الجبهة الإسلامية السورية al-Jabhah al-Islāmiyya as-Sūriyyah; abbreviated SIF) was an Insurgent umbrella organisation alliance of various Sunni Salafi Islamist Rebel factions against the Bashar al-Assad in Syria the organisation objective is transformation of Syria into an Islamic state under Sharia law.^[8]

Its largest group was the Salafist Ahrar ash-Sham, which reportedly "led" and "dominated" the Front.^[9] In November 2013, the Syrian Islamic Front was dissolved, as the organization was replaced by the Islamic Front.^[10]

Background

The group was founded by eleven Islamist rebel groups on 21 December 2012, including: Ahrar ash-Sham, Al-Haqq Brigade in Homs, the Al-Fajr Islamic Movement in Aleppo, Ansar al-Sham in Latakia, Jaysh Al-Tawhid in Deir ez-Zor and the Hamza ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib Brigade in Damascus.^[11][12][13] In January 2013 several of the member organisations announced that they were uniting with Ahrar ash-Sham into a broader group called Harakat Ahrar al-Sham al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Movement of Ahrar al-Sham).^[14] In April 2013, the Haqq Battalions Gathering of Hama Governorate became the first new member to join the Front since its founding,^[15] in August 2013 this group was merged with several other Salafist rebel groups in Hama to form a new SIF member unit called Liwa Mujahidi al-Sham. The SIF did not include the jihadist Al-Nusra Front, which had been declared a terrorist organisation by the United States.^[16] On 9 August, SOHR reported that Hassan Aboud, the head of Ahrar ash-Sham, an ultraconservative Syrian rebel group, was killed in the northwestern town of Ram Hamdan in the Syrian of Idlib Governorate.^[17]

Operations

The SIF had reportedly "established a presence across wide swathes of Syrian territory, notably in the north."^[9] Apart from its military operations in the Syrian Civil War, the SIF, and particularly Ahrar ash-Sham, diverted considerable resources into humanitarian and other social activities in areas of Syria that they had influence. This included the provision of Islamic education to children, and the distribution of food, water, and fuel. These humanitarian activities were partially subsidized by the IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation and Qatar charity.^[18] The SIF’s leader, Hassan Aboud, revealed himself and his real name for the first time in an 8 June 2013 interview with Al Jazeera. In the interview, Aboud claimed that the SIF ran training camps across Syria for recruits to receive military and religious instruction, as well as additional camps to train promising recruits to become commanders. Aboud also claimed that they had received dozens of requests from other rebel groups to join the SIF.^[18]

Ideology, positions

The front's founding statement described its ideology as based on a Salafi understanding of Islam and declared its aims as toppling the Assad government and establishing an Islamic state, governed by religious Muslim law, for the benefit of all Syrians.^[13] The group received funding and support from other conservative Salafis in the Persian Gulf,^[2] prominent donors included the Kuwaiti preacher Hajjaj al-Ajami, Saudi-based Syrian preacher Adnan al-Aroor, and Kuwaiti politician Hakim al-Mutayri.^[18] The Front was "considered less extreme" than the radical Syrian groups such as Jabhat al-Nusra that had been "designated as terrorist organizations" by the United States, and "probably has broader support among ordinary Syrians", according to Washington Post journalist Liz Sly.^[9] The Front opposed US intervention against the al-Assad government, and on 5 September 2013, it issued a statement on its Facebook page stating that it rejected "Western military intervention in Syria and consider it a new aggression against Muslims",^[19] saying that would only serve American interests and not the cause of those seeking to topple al-Assad.^[9]

On 22 November leaders in the SIF took part in the declaration of the new Islamic Front uniting rebel groups that had previously operated under the banners of the SIF and the Syrian Islamic Liberation Front.^[20] The SIF then announced on its Google Plus account that it was disbanding and that its component groups would henceforth operate under the umbrella of the Islamic Front.^[21]