Genus of plants
Tabernaemontana
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Tabernaemontana divaricata 'Flore Pleno'
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Scientific classification
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Kingdom:
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Plantae
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Clade:
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Tracheophytes
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Clade:
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Angiosperms
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Clade:
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Eudicots
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Clade:
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Asterids
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Order:
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Gentianales
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Family:
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Apocynaceae
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Subfamily:
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Rauvolfioideae
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Tribe:
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Tabernaemontaneae
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Subtribe:
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Tabernaemontaninae
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Genus:
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Tabernaemontana Plum. ex L. 1753
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Synonyms[1]
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- Anacampta Miers
- Anartia Miers
- Bonafousia A.DC.
- Camerunia (Pichon) Boiteau
- Capuronetta Markgr.
- Clerkia Neck.
- Codonemma Miers
- Conopharyngia G.Don
- Domkeocarpa Markgr.
- Ervatamia (A.DC.) Stapf
- Gabunia K.Schum.
- Hazunta Pichon
- Leptopharyngia (Stapf) Boiteau
- Merizadenia Miers
- Muntafara Pichon
- Ochronerium Baill.
- Odontostigma A.Rich.
- Oistanthera Markgr.
- Pagiantha Markgr.
- Pandaca Noronha ex Thouars
- Pandacastrum Pichon
- Peschiera A.DC
- Phrissocarpus Miers
- Protogabunia Boiteau
- Pterotaberna Stapf
- Quadricasaea Woodson
- Reichardia Dennst. 1818, illegitimate homonym, not Roth 1787 nor Roth 1800 nor Roth 1821
- Rejoua Gaudich.
- Sarcopharyngia (Stapf) Boiteau
- Stemmadenia Benth.
- Stenosolen (Müll.Arg.) Markgr.
- Taberna Miers
- Testudipes Markgr.
- Woytkowskia Woodson
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Tabernaemontana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. It has a pan-tropical distribution, found in Asia, Africa, Australia, North America, South America, and a wide assortment of oceanic islands.[1][2] These plants are evergreen shrubs and small trees growing to 1–15 m tall. The leaves are opposite, 3–25 cm long, with milky sap; hence it is one of the diverse plant genera commonly called "milkwood". The flowers are fragrant, white, 1–5 cm in diameter.
The cultivar T. divaricata cv. 'Plena', with doubled-petaled flowers, is a popular houseplant.
Some members of the genus Tabernaemontana are used as additives to some versions of the psychedelic drink ayahuasca;[3] the genus is known to contain ibogaine (e.g. in bëcchëte, T. undulata), conolidine (present in minor concentration in T. divaricata)[4] and voacangine (T. alba, T. arborea, T. africana).[5] Because of presence of coronaridine and voacangine in Mexican Tabernaemontana species,[5] those plant could be used in economic production of anti-addictive alkaloids especially ibogaine and ibogamine.[6] T. sananho preparations are used in native medicine to treat eye injuries and as an anxiolytic, and T. heterophylla is used to treat dementia in the elderly.[7]
Conolidine may be developed as a new class of pain killer.[8]
Caterpillars of the oleander hawk-moth (Daphnis nerii) have been found to feed on the pinwheelflower (T. divaricata).
Taxonomy
- Publication
The genus was described by Carl Linnaeus and published in Species Plantarum 1: 210–211 in 1753. The type species is T. citrifolia.
- Etymology
The genus name commemorates the "father of German botany" Jakob Theodor von Bergzabern, a.k.a. Jacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus, Tabernaemontanus being a compressed form of the original Medieval Latin name (Tabernae Montanus) of the botanist's home town of Bergzabern - both the Latin and the German forms of the town's name meaning "tavern(s) in the mountains".
- Species[1]
- Tabernaemontana abbreviata - Costa Rica
- Tabernaemontana africana - tropical Africa
- Tabernaemontana alba - Central America, Mexico, Florida, Cuba, Colombia
- Tabernaemontana alfaroi - Costa Rica, Panama
- Tabernaemontana allenii - Panama
- Tabernaemontana alternifolia - S India
- Tabernaemontana amplifolia - Colombia, Ecuador
- Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia - S Mexico, Central America, Cuba, Haiti, NW South America
- Tabernaemontana angulata - NE Brazil
- Tabernaemontana antheonycta - Borneo
- Tabernaemontana apoda - Cuba
- Tabernaemontana arborea - S Mexico, C America, Colombia
- Tabernaemontana attenuata - Trinidad, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana
- Tabernaemontana aurantiaca - Maluku, Papuasia, Vanuatu, Micronesia
- Tabernaemontana bouquetii - Congo, Gabon
- Tabernaemontana bovina - S China, N Indochina
- Tabernaemontana brachyantha - C Africa
- Tabernaemontana brasiliensis - Brazil (Pará)
- Tabernaemontana bufalina - S China, Indochina, W Malaysia
- Tabernaemontana calcarea - Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana capuronii - Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana catharinensis - S South America
- Tabernaemontana cerea - Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname
- Tabernaemontana cerifera - New Caledonia
- Tabernaemontana chocoensis - Colombia
- Tabernaemontana ciliata - N Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana citrifolia - West Indies
- Tabernaemontana coffeoides - Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana columbiensis - SE Central America, NW South America
- Tabernaemontana contorta - Cameroon
- Tabernaemontana cordata - Philippines (Mindanao)
- Tabernaemontana coriacea - W Brazil, Peru, Bolivia
- Tabernaemontana corymbosa - S China, SE Asia
- Tabernaemontana crassa - W + C Africa
- Tabernaemontana crassifolia - N Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana cumata - Brazil (
Amazonas)
- Tabernaemontana cuspidata - NW South America
- Tabernaemontana cymosa - N South America
- Tabernaemontana debrayi - N Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana dichotoma - Sri Lanka
- Tabernaemontana disticha - N South America
- Tabernaemontana divaricata - S China, Himalayas, N Indochina
- Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii - Mexico, Central America
- Tabernaemontana eglandulosa - Benin to Angola
- Tabernaemontana elegans - Somalia to South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
- Tabernaemontana eubracteata - S Mexico, NE Central America
- Tabernaemontana eusepala - NE Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana eusepaloides - NE Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana flavicans - NW South America
- Tabernaemontana gamblei - S India
- Tabernaemontana glabra - Mexico, Central America, NW South America
- Tabernaemontana glandulosa - Guinea to Republic of the Congo
- Tabernaemontana grandiflora - SE Central America, N South America
- Tabernaemontana hallei - Gabon, Cameroon
- Tabernaemontana hannae - Mexico (Chiapas), Costa Rica
- Tabernaemontana heterophylla - SE Central America, N + C South America
- Tabernaemontana humblotii - Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana hystrix - Brazil
- Tabernaemontana inconspicua - Cameroon to Angola
- Tabernaemontana laeta - Brazil
- Tabernaemontana lagenaria - Fr Guinea, N Brazil, Peru
- Tabernaemontana laurifolia - Cayman Is., Jamaica
- Tabernaemontana leeuwenbergiana - Colombia
- Tabernaemontana letestui - Republic of the Congo, Gabon
- Tabernaemontana linkii - N + W South America
- Tabernaemontana litoralis - S Mexico, C America, Colombia
- Tabernaemontana longipes - SE C America, NW S America
- Tabernaemontana lorifera - N Brazil, Guyana, Suriname
- Tabernaemontana macrocalyx - N South America
- Tabernaemontana macrocarpa - Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra
- Tabernaemontana markgrafiana - Panama, NW South America
- Tabernaemontana maxima - NW South America
- Tabernaemontana mocquerysii - Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana muricata - Brazil (Amazonas)
- Tabernaemontana oaxacana - Mexico (Oaxaca)
- Tabernaemontana ochroleuca - Jamaica
- Tabernaemontana odoratissima - Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania
- Tabernaemontana oppositifolia - Puerto Rico
- Tabernaemontana ovalifolia - Jamaica
- Tabernaemontana pachysiphon - tropical C + E + S Africa
- Tabernaemontana palustris - NW South America
- Tabernaemontana panamensis - Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
- Tabernaemontana pandacaqui - S China, SE Asia, N Australia, Papuasia, Micronesia, French Polynesia
- Tabernaemontana pauciflora - SE Asia
- Tabernaemontana pauli - Costa Rica
- Tabernaemontana peduncularis - Indochina, W Malaysia
- Tabernaemontana penduliflora - Nigeria to Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Tabernaemontana persicariifolia - Mauritius, Réunion
- Tabernaemontana peschiera - N Brazil, Suriname, Fr Guinea
- Tabernaemontana phymata - N Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana polyneura - W Malaysia
- Tabernaemontana psorocarpa - W Africa
- Tabernaemontana remota - Indonesia (Sulawesi, Rossel Island)
- Tabernaemontana retusa - Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana robinsonii - Colombia, Central America
- Tabernaemontana rostrata - Bangladesh to Philippines
- Tabernaemontana rotensis - Guam, Rota
- Tabernaemontana rupicola - N South America
- Tabernaemontana salomonensis - Solomon Islands
- Tabernaemontana salzmannii - E Brazil
- Tabernaemontana sambiranensis - N Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana sananho - N South America
- Tabernaemontana sessilifolia - Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana simulans - Panama, Costa Rica
- Tabernaemontana siphilitica - N South America.
- Tabernaemontana solanifolia - Brazil
- Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa - Java to Maluku
- Tabernaemontana stapfiana - Burundi to Zimbabwe
- Tabernaemontana stellata - Madagascar
- Tabernaemontana stenoptera - Mexico (Colima)
- Tabernaemontana stenosiphon - São Tomé and Príncipe
- Tabernaemontana ternifolia - Philippines (Palawan)
- Tabernaemontana thurstonii - Fiji
- Tabernaemontana tomentosa - Mexico
- Tabernaemontana undulata - Costa Rica to Fr Guiana + Bolivia
- Tabernaemontana vanheurckii - NW South America
- Tabernaemontana ventricosa - Nigeria to South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
- Tabernaemontana venusta - Mexico (Oaxaca)
- Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii - Jamaica