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((Short description|American writer and reporter))
((more citations needed|date=April 2015))
'''Tadeusz Witold Szulc''' (July 25, 1926 &ndash; May 21, 2001) was an [[author]] and [[foreign correspondent]] for ''[[The New York Times]]'' from 1953 to 1972.<ref name="The New York Times; May 22, 2001">((cite news |last=Lewis |first=Daniel |date=May 22, 2001 |title=Tad Szulc, 74, Dies; Times Correspondent Who Uncovered Bay of Pigs Imbroglio |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/22/world/tad-szulc-74-dies-times-correspondent-who-uncovered-bay-of-pigs-imbroglio.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=June 11, 2015))</ref> Szulc is credited with breaking the story of the [[Bay of Pigs invasion]].<ref name="Los Angeles Times; May 22, 2001">((cite news |last=Oliver |first=Myrna |date=May 22, 2001 |title=Tad Szulc; Foreign Correspondent Broke Bay of Pigs Invasion Story |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/may/22/local/me-1082 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=September 2, 2015))</ref>

==Early life==
Szulc was born in [[Warsaw]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], the son of Seweryn and Janina Baruch Szulc.<ref name="The New York Times; May 22, 2001"/> He attended [[Institut Le Rosey]] in [[Switzerland]].<ref name="The New York Times; May 22, 2001"/> In 1940, he emigrated from Poland to join his family in [[Brazil]]; it had left Poland in the mid-1930s.

In Brazil, Szulc studied at the [[University of Brazil]], but in 1945, he abandoned his studies to work as a reporter for the [[Associated Press]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]].

==Career==

=== Early career ===
In 1947, Szulc moved from Brazil to [[New York City]], and in 1954, he became a [[US citizen]].<ref name="Los Angeles Times; May 22, 2001"/> His emigration had been sponsored by [[Ambassadors of the United States|United States Ambassador]] [[John Cooper Wiley]], who was married to his aunt.<ref name="The New York Times; May 22, 2001"/>

=== ''The New York Times'' ===
From 1953 to 1972, Szulc was a foreign correspondent for ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name="The New York Times; May 22, 2001"/>

In 1961, Szulc reported on preparations for a US-sponsored assault on Cuba by anti-Castro forces - the counterinsurgency that would become known as the [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]].  This reporting, and the stories published in the New York Times, have become the subject of a long-standing dispute about whether the U.S. government tried to suppress the story, and whether the ''New York Times'' went along and killed it.

In ''The Powers That Be'', [[David Halberstam]] writes that "In early 1961 Tad Szulc of the ''New York Times,'' who had very good Latin-American sources, picked up the story that the [[CIA]] was recruiting and training Cuban exiles at a camp in Guatemala."  According to Halberstam, Szulc was far from the only journalist who knew about the preparations: "The training camp was something of an open secret.  The ''Nation'' had written an editorial about it in 1960, but there had been an almost deliberate attempt by the rest of the American press not to know too much about it."<ref>Halberstam, David, ''The Powers That Be'', Alfred Knopf 1979, p. 447</ref>

Halberstam reports that as word began to leak out that Szulc was planning to publish an article about the invasion preparations, "[[President John F. Kennedy|President Kennedy]] called [[James Reston|Scotty Reston]], the ''Times's'' Washington bureau chief, and tried to get him to kill it.  Kennedy argued strongly and passionately about what the Szulc story would do to his policy and spoke darkly of what the ''Times's'' responsibilities should be.... Reston, somewhat shaken, called [[Orvil Dryfoos]], the publisher, and passed on Kennedy's comments.... Reston suggested toning down the story and removing the references to the forthcoming invasion.  Dryfoos agreed and ordered the story sanitized."<ref>Halberstam, p. 448</ref>

The ''Times'' editors agreed to remove the word "imminent" from the article, reasoning that the word was a prediction more than a provable fact.  They also decided to remove the references to the CIA's role in planning the attack, changing the references to "U.S. officials."  Perhaps most importantly, they decided to run the article under a single-column headline instead the four-column banner that had been planned - a headline which would have designated the story as one of "exceptional importance," according to the memoir of ''Times'' reporter Harrison Salisbury.<ref>"Sixty Years After Bay of Pigs, New York Times' Role – and Myth – Made Clear", W. Joseph Campbell, in ''The Wire'', April 7, 2021</ref> 

According to Halberstam, because of these choices "Some editors in New York were absolutely enraged, and they demanded that Dryfoos meet with them.  It was a very heated meeting.  Dryfoos was clearly surprised by the degree of anger among his own people."<ref>Halberstam, p. 448</ref>  Nevertheless, Dryfoos held firm, and the "much sanitized" version of the story ran on April 7, 1961, followed by more reporting in later articles.  

The invasion took place on April 16, and was crushed by Castro's Cuban Revolutionary Forces within three days.

According to American University scholar W. Joseph Campbell, the decision by the ''Times'' to "sanitize" its coverage has swelled into a mythical event in which President Kennedy called Dryfoos directly to demand that the newspaper spike the story, and Dryfoos agreed not to run it at all.<ref>((cite web|first=Jack |last=Shafer |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/press_box/2010/05/the_master_of_debunk.html |title=W. Joseph Campbell corrects the record on 10 important misreported stories |work=Slate |date=May 21, 2010 |accessdate=August 26, 2019))</ref>  Given the publication of Szulc's article on April 7, that version is clearly myth.  Campbell has also found no evidence in White House phone logs to support the notion that Kennedy called Dryfoos on April 6.<ref>"Sixty Years After Bay of Pigs, New York Times' Role – and Myth – Made Clear", W. Joseph Campbell, in ''The Wire'', April 7, 2021</ref> But his published findings do not refute Halberstam's assertion that Kennedy called ''Reston,'' and Reston passed on Kennedy's pressures to Dryfoos.

Szulc's interest in Cuba continued over time, and he published an in-depth biography of [[Fidel Castro]].<ref>((in lang|it)) [https://www.academia.edu/11432256/Castrismo_e_perestrojka ((lang|it|Cuba: vade retro perestojka Avanti! 24 maggio 1989))].</ref>

In 1968, Szulc was a reporter in [[Czechoslovakia]] during the [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia|Soviet invasion]] against the [[Prague Spring]].

==Other publications==
Szulc also wrote articles regarding Latin America for several other publications, including ''[[The New Yorker]], [[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]], [[Penthouse (magazine)|Penthouse]], [[National Geographic]]'', and ''[[The Progressive]]''.<ref>((cite web|url=http://hgar-srv3.bu.edu/collections/collection?id=122854 |title=Collection |publisher=Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center |accessdate=August 26, 2019))</ref>

==Death==
In 2001, Szulc died of [[cancer]] at his home, in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name="Los Angeles Times; May 22, 2001"/> He was survived by his wife and his two children.<ref name="Los Angeles Times; May 22, 2001"/>

He was a Knight of the French ''[[Légion d'honneur]]''.((Citation needed|date=December 2023))

==Books==
((external media| float = right| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?13601-1/now-world-changed ''Booknotes'' interview with Szulc on ''Then and Now: How the World Has Changed Since World War II'', August 19, 1990], [[C-SPAN]]))
*''Pope John Paul II: The Biography'' (((ISBN|0-671-00047-0)))
*''Chopin in Paris: The Life and Times of the Romantic Composer,'' Scribner, 1998 (((ISBN|0-306-80933-8)))
*''The Secret Alliance: The Extraordinary Story of the Rescue of the Jews Since World War II'' (((ISBN|0-374-24946-6)))
*''Fidel: A Critical Portrait'' (((ISBN|0-688-04645-2)))
*''To Kill The Pope : An Ecclesiastical Thriller'' (((ISBN|0-684-83781-1)))
*''Twilight of the Tyrants''
*''The Cuban Invasion''
*''The Winds of Resolution''
*''Dominican Diary''
*''Latin America'' (((ISBN|0-689-10266-6)))
*''The Bombs of Palomares''
*''Portrait of Spain'' (((ISBN|0-07-062654-5)))
*''Czechoslovakia Since World War II'' (((ISBN|0-448-00007-5)))
*''Innocents at Home'' (((ISBN|0-670-39843-8)))
*''Compulsive Spy: The Strange Career of E. Howard Hunt'' (((ISBN|0-670-23546-6)))
*''The Illusion of Peace: Foreign Policy in the Nixon Years,'' Viking, 1978
* ''Then and Now: How the World Has Changed Since WW II''  (((ISBN|0-688-07558-4)))

== References ==
 <references/>

==External links==
*[http://merrick.library.miami.edu/cubanHeritage/chc0189/ Tad Szulc Collection of Interview Transcripts] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413070752/http://merrick.library.miami.edu/cubanHeritage/chc0189/ |date=2017-04-13 )) with Fidel Castro and other government officials in Cuba and with Cuban exiles in Miami, Florida, from 1984 to 1985, [http://www.library.miami.edu/chc/ Cuban Heritage Collection] of the University of Miami Libraries
*((C-SPAN|8253))

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((DEFAULTSORT:Szulc, Tad))
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Institut Le Rosey]]
[[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American reporters and correspondents]]
[[Category:Brazilian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Deaths from liver cancer]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer]]
[[Category:Maria Moors Cabot Prize winners]]
[[Category:Polish emigrants to Brazil]]
[[Category:The New York Times writers]]
[[Category:Polish expatriates in Switzerland]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]

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