Taghanic event 386 million years ago in Middle Devonian period | |
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The Taghanic event (Taghanic unconformity, Taghanic crisis and Taghanic onlap) was an extinction event about 386 million years ago during the Givetian faunal stage of the Middle Devonian geologic period in the Paleozoic era.[1] The cause of the extinction event is from an anoxic event and hypoxia. The event had a time span when the dissolved oxygen (O2) level in the Earth's oceans were depleted. The Taghanic event caused a very high death rate of corals. The loss of the corals reefs, caused a high loss of animals that lived in and around the reefs. The extinction rate had been placed between 28.5 and 36%, making the event the 8th highest extinction event.[2][3][4] The reduced oxygen levels were caused by a period of global-warming. The global-warming was caused by the Milankovitch cycles. In the Taghanic event sea levels were higher.[5] After the Taghanic Event, sea life recovered in the Frasnian faunal stage starting 382.7 million years ago. The two other events near this time span were the Kellwasser event (372 ma), and the Hangenberg event (359 ma).[6][5][7]
The Taghanic event at the Givetian/Frasnian boundary caused extinctions. About 50% of coral genera disappear. Brachiopods Mollusca lost about six families of species. About 47% Stromatoporoid sea sponges genera disappeared. Many Bryozoa are also lost. The population of Ammonoids, Tabulata, Trilobites, and Rugosa are reduced.[8] The Thamnopora boloniensis, a Tabulate coral, became extinct.[9]
Old Red Sandstone continent sediments are studied to evaluate the Taghanic extinction event. Taghanic event is found by studying the sudden sedimentary layer changes, faunal changes, and palaeobiogeographic events.[6] The Taghanic event is found in the Tully Formation and Marcellus Formation found in New York and Pennsylvania, including the Windom shale there. Mahantango Formation in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Maryland record the Taghanic event. Taghanic event has also been found in Tafilalt, Morocco in the eastern Anti-Atlas mountain range. Orcadian Basin in Scotland has exposed rocks of the Taghanic event.[10]
The period of global-warming that caused the Taghanic event, melted ice caps that caused sea level to rise. This caused the Taghanic onlap, the submergence of land by the advancing sea. The advancing sea laid down a strata deposits on the seafloor. The flooding of the what is now the southwestern United States created a shallow water marine environment.[3][11][12]