The Tajikistan Civil War was a civil war fought from 1992 to 1997 in Tajikistan.

The war was fought between the old-guard, ruling, Moscow-backed government of Emomali Rahmonov, and disenfranchised regions, democratic liberal reformists, and Islamists loosely organized in the United Tajik Opposition (UTO), sometimes supported by the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (now united under the name Islamic Movement of Central Asia). Other combatants and armed bands that flourished in this civil chaos simply reflected the breakdown of central authority rather than loyalty to a political faction. The height of hostilities occurred between 1992 and 1993. A UN-sponsored armistice finally ended the war in 1997. Peaceful elections were held in 1999.