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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 September 2021 and 15 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Tiyyah18.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 07:36, 17 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]

The Queen of Sheba, both as a historical person (possibly), and as a mythic figure, deserves a more grown-up entry. Wetman

The article implies information from the Bible, which it is not. Everything after the first sentence is legendary. Pollinator 12:29, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC)

No one else has corrected the error, and I can't myself, as I do not know the source of this statement, wrongly attributed to the Bible, so am moving it here: The king tricked her into bed with him. She later gave birth to a son, which was not accepted by the critizing elders of the council. She returned to her kingdom with the son Menelik? and later established a kingdom in Aksum, modern-day Ethiopia. Possibly it's a tradition of the Ethiopian royal family. If so it should be attributed correctly. Pollinator 04:49, 1 Jan 2004 (UTC)

I redirected the Bilqis article to this one as the debate seemed to be dead. I think it makes sense because Bilqis is referenced here. ka1iban 17:04, 17 March 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Can some one explain to us the meaning of "makeda"? I cannot accept the meaning (not like this / thus) which is a modern dialectal Arabic: maa kida(Sudanese).

Is that where that meaning comes from? It's surely wrong, then, since it is not Arabic in origin. I'll remove it now. — ዮም | (Yom) | Talk • contribs • Ethiopia 17:28, 11 February 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Will a knowledgeable person kindly provide sources for this section, or else somebody (namely me) will delete it. Sincerely, GeorgeLouis 07:55, 1 November 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Modern theories

A theory has been voiced that the meeting between Solomon and the Queen of Sheba was not for love or admiration but a discussion about trade. According to the Bible Solomon built a fleet of ships at Ezion-geber. The theory is that Solomon intended to routinely sail to East Africa and there trade, bypassing the South Arabian kingdom of Sheba which previously acted as middleman in this trade.[citation needed]

Sheba's Kingdom was in Yemen. Not Ethiopia, as known by everyone and agreed by historians. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.8.224.95 (talk) 12:38, 19 September 2010 (UTC)[reply]

The following sentence seems to be an add-on: "There has been evidence of Arab tribes in Arabia, not there has been no evidence of a Queen called Bilqis or any female ruler ever over Arab tribes of Arabia." This add-on is not grammatical, and it contradicts archaeological findings in Yemen. Indeed, we have proofs that the Axum (African, pre-Ethiopian) kingdom has extended into the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula for some time. Therefore, this sentence is confused (if not misleading) and should be deleted. Hugo Dufort 02:10, 13 November 2006 (UTC)[reply]

I have also corrected the second-to-last sentence, making the geography more specific ("southern tip of the Arabic Peninsula (actual Yemen)" instead of simply "Arabia"). Hugo Dufort 02:10, 13 November 2006 (UTC)[reply]

"According to the Jewish law, Sheba's name was ULTRAEXTREME70." While this might be a great name, and I'll certainly considering giving it to any children I have, I don't think it's a correct translation from Hebrew. Does anyone who knows better than me about a) the subject at hand, and b) Wikipedia (since this is my first post), care to correct it? 216.86.36.211 20:43, 21 February 2007 (UTC)[reply]

The entire sentence is a piece of vandalism that was added two days ago and removed again within a few minutes. You seem to be looking at an old version. If you are new to wikipedia, all you have to do to get the current version is click the 'article' tab. ፈቃደ (ውይይት) 23:31, 21 February 2007 (UTC)[reply]

What is the point of the "Modern African Account" section of this article? Beside the fact that everything stated lacks citation, the paragraph not only fails to relate any modern African account but exists in parallel with the actual modern African account related under "Ethiopian and Eritrean Account" heading. I suggest that the information contained in this paragraph, if it be truly pertinant and accurate, be properly cited and placed under a relevent heading.--Jr mints 21:37, 6 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

The Ethiopian account has citations in the beginning paragraph...to give the citations from Kebra Nagast would be usless unless you read GE'EZ (I still can't find a reputable translated version without speaking to the Ethiopian priests). There is always controversy among scholars when African (or any other people of color) history appear to contradict the myth of white supremacy and myth of the European involvement in the bible before the New Testament. It is not coincidental. Watch the history channel: Scottish, Irish, and Confederate (U.S.) ethnocentric zealots are treated as if they have delivered the gospel of their respective cultures and never contradicted despite being without proper citation. Many of the written references that the aforementioned groups cite are from ethnocentric sources or some form of undocumented oral lore that was formulated well after the historical events that they have professed to have occured. Yet scholars continue to discredit the Kebra Negast from a culture that has held documentation this history for more that 700 years...try 3000+ years and to this very day lives in a culture that is the most similar to the bibles description than any other!!! Somehow the history channel takes the Irish, Scots and Confederates at their word although the three cultures were not as proficient as the Ethiopians with written documentation or the oral tradition. Different rules apply for European ethnocentrics... I suppose. My citations will appear in a separate post although I doubt many of you etnocentrics will accept them..... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.172.201.186 (talk • contribs)

Also their language is most like the ancient language of the person in question lol (Aramaic) Allanana79 (talk) 02:32, 17 February 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I removed some old vandalism that looked like it had been overlooked in some recent edits. Silly people... Amers4 12:06, 22 May 2007 (UTC)[reply]

The Ethiopian account has citations in the beginning paragraph...to give the citations from Kebra Nagast would be usless unless you read GE'EZ (I still can't find a reputable translated version without speaking to the Ethiopian priests). There is always controversy among scholars when African (or any other people of color) history appear to contradict the myth of white supremacy and myth of the European involvement in the bible before the New Testament. It is not coincidental. Watch the history channel: Scottish, Irish, and Confederate (U.S.) ethnocentric zealots are treated as if they have delivered the gospel of their respective cultures and never contradicted despite being without proper citation. Many of the written references that the aforementioned groups cite are from ethnocentric sources or some form of undocumented oral lore that was formulated well after the historical events that they have professed to have occured. Yet scholars continue to discredit the Kebra Negast from a culture that has held documentation this history for more that 700 years...try 3000+ years and to this very day lives in a culture that is the most similar to the bibles description than any other!!! Somehow the history channel takes the Irish, Scots and Confederates at their word although the three cultures were not as proficient as the Ethiopians with written documentation or the oral tradition. Different rules apply for European ethnocentrics... I suppose. My citations will appear in a separate post although I doubt many of you etnocentrics will accept them..... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.172.201.186 (talk • contribs)

Queen Sheba or Sheba is not right. The Queen of Sheba is often called Sheba or Queen Sheba. Though the article title is Queen of Sheba, she is often referred to as Queen Shebaor Sheba in this article. Is this right? Thin Smek 00:29, 12 November 2007 (UTC)[reply]

The account of the conversion (besides disagreeing with the account in the Bible) is different from the historical accounts given elsewhere on Wikipedia. Also, the bit about the Ethiopian emperor's resentment is pretty broad obviously needs some citation.

For the Ethiopian monarchy, the Solomonic and Sheban lineage was of considerable political and cultural importance. Ethiopia had been converted to Christianity by Egyptian Copts, and the Coptic Church strove for centuries to keep the Ethiopians in a dependent and subservient condition, which the Ethiopian emperors greatly resented. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.44.181.12 (talk) 21:02, 16 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]

The image Image:Kebra Nagast.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

• That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
• That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Wikipedia:Media copyright questions. --01:52, 18 September 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Didn't see a section to insert this nugget... "The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba" from Handel's oratorio Solomon is one of the best known instrumental pieces of the Baroque era.

Entrance to the Queen of Sheba

Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with Humbert Lucarelliand and Edino Biaggi on oboes

---

Problems playing this file? See media help.

Could this go here? Or is it too trivial?DavidRF (talk) 02:26, 7 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

All depictions of her in art, should charted in chronological order.--24.57.59.196 (talk) 01:25, 3 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Citing to anything related to Velikovsky is not a way to produce reliable work. You should take it out until you find a separate source for the info and then cite that. 4.249.3.239 (talk) 22:40, 20 December 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Agreed. The entire section on "Possible Egyptian derivation" appears to be speculation and rubbish. HAt-Spsswt means 'foremost of the august [women]', i.e., foremost nobelwoman. How Spsswt becomes 'Sheba', I don't know. The rest of the section appears to be nonsense. I intend to delete it for now, chiefly because of the bizarre claims about Hatshepsut's name, and the fact that 'some scholars' in this case means 'Velikovsky and his followers'. Aside from it being a rather nebulous phrase, to say the least. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.25.215.130 (talk) 15:27, 18 March 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Why were these edits undone? They were reverted in a minute without any comment here, and by a user who does not even count Egypt within their scope, and who apparently has little to no knowledge of the subject. The claims relating to Hatshepsut are pure nonsense, while the equally ridiculous suggested etymology of 'Sheba' from 'sbA' is beyond parody. Maybe for an encore we can claim that Dido, Queen of Carthage is a myth relating to the Dodo? After all, they look the same, too! This kind of ridiculous claptrap only devalues wikipedia. 92.25.215.130 (talk) 19:52, 22 March 2010 (UTC)Nefertum[reply]

this article has serious problems in differentiating between historical evidence and legend. It needs a major rewrite.AMuseo (talk) 21:36, 4 August 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Sheba was not some "Jewish" kingdom. It was Aryan kingdom, also known as "Shiva", Sava, Saba... Ethiopia comes from "E'Shivopia - Thebe from Sheba as Shivait Aryan territory; this is the reason why so many Swastikas in Ethiopia and in near locations... Shiva's territory predates year 12 000 BC. And has nothing to do with Jews or whatsoever.

This article needs information about the portrayal of the Queen more recently than the Renaissance, and also the various legends about her.--Jack Upland (talk) 01:33, 6 February 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Can someone clarify (and source) the reputed birthday of January 5? She was born several centuries before introduction of the month of January into the Roman calendar, which probably didn't make it to that part of the world until much later anyway, so what does a it mean to say she was born on January 5? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.12.184.7 (talk) 17:16, 7 July 2011 (UTC)[reply]

The title of this section needs to be fixed. The Qur'an is not part of the Hebrew Bible (which is usually called the Torah or the Old Testament), nor is the New Testament, nor is Ethiopian legend. Either we need separate sections for all the different cultural/religious views, or we need a neutral title (such as Religious Mythological Accounts). Umm huraira (talk) 20:58, 19 September 2011 (UTC)[reply]

There's been no reply so I'm going to go ahead and change the title of this section to be more in line with what it's discussing, which is Mythological Accounts. Umm huraira (talk) 13:16, 21 September 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Don't revert my changes again without bringing something to the discussion. Umm huraira (talk) 00:18, 25 September 2011 (UTC)[reply]

The term "mythological" is highly contentious, and often seen as polemical POV according to numerous RSS. It is best avoided in the name of neutrality. What exactly do you mean to say by "mythological"? Critics have enumerated at least 12 conflicting "definitions". If you mean "false" or "fictional", you are expressing your own subjective POV about texts that other widespread POVs regard as factual. If you mean "a narrative to explain how the world was created", as wikipedia ostensibly has defined it, it doesn't fit this account. No two scholars seems to agree exactly which parts of whose sacred scriptures ought to be defined as "mythological". The idea you expressed on my talk pages that ALL religion's scriptures are a priori the same thing as "mythology" is the POV expressed by certain Marxist-Leninist handbooks, not by a neutral encyclopedia. For fairly obvious reasons, there is no consensus on wikipedia to go around to all Bible or Quran articles and label them with the POV title "mythology". If you continue to make a mockery of WP:NPOV against consensus, this dispute is surely going to escalate. Til Eulenspiegel (talk) 01:00, 25 September 2011 (UTC)[reply]

So what do you suggest I do? As it stands, this section has a hierarchy that lists the Qur'an and Ethiopian cultural accounts as being part of the Hebrew Bible. Do you not see an issue with that? I'm merely trying to pick an academic title that reflects the nature of all documents listed in this section. "Hebrew Bible" certainly fails in that regard. Mythological is the word of choice in social science academia here in America. Find another neutral term that doesn't suggest the superiority or inferiority of any religion/culture and we'll change it to that. Meanwhile, listing other texts underneath the heading of Hebrew Bible is offensive to the adherents of those religions/members of those cultures, so it is not satisfactory. If anything, it's an argument for Judaism as a superior religion. Umm huraira (talk) 17:43, 29 September 2011 (UTC)[reply]

And I'm not making a "mockery" of WP:NPOV as it states specifically that "editors should not avoid using terminology that has been established by the majority of the current reliable and notable sources on a topic out of... concern that readers may confuse the formal and informal meanings." Frankly, I find it insulting that you claim to know exactly my intentions and what I'm thinking. Mockery never even entered my mind. For further evidence regarding the usage of mythology, see the page titled Christian mythology and note how it refers to hero myths. The Queen of Sheba is a part of the hero myth of Soloman. Umm huraira (talk) 18:06, 29 September 2011 (UTC)[reply]

There's an Ethiopian Alexander romance. Dougweller (talk) 14:58, 17 January 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks, I had never read it, but I looked it up and am reading Budge's translation online now. Til Eulenspiegel (talk) 18:06, 17 January 2012 (UTC)[reply]

There is a serious discrepancy in the dates of either King Salomon's time or that of Queen of Sheba. According to another article "The conventional dates of Salomon's reign are from circa 970 to 931 BC" So how did the two meet in 10 BC is quite mind boggling.I have searched all over en.Wikipedia and internet but do not find any amicable date to see how they met. Only one fact does remain and undisputed from accounts in Genesis to Quaran that they did meet.— Preceding unsigned comment added by ‎AwesomeDIY (talk • contribs)

I moved this from the article as it belongs here. Do you mean 10th century? 970 is in the 10th century. I removed January 5 as I couldn't find any suggestion of that date. Dougweller (talk) 05:33, 25 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Both the article and this discussion are pretty crappy, as expected for this forum. This reflect the modern trend, as this wiki is really only for basic and trivially simple things. The authors are unqualified as they are not researchers or gifted with insight. The comments regarding I. Velikovsky, whose research abilities, language skills, and basic common sense dwarf those writing and commenting on this topic do not belong here. If you want to remove rubbish, remove all references to him.

Article would be enhanced by inclusion of a piece about the connection between the Queen of Sheba and Lilith legends. See, for example... http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0013_0_12540.html http://www.timelessmyths.com/mirrors/lilith.php#Biblical

we know that she was queen of a land called sheba(ethiopia). but her name was makeda. it would be correct if it's written in the article.89.205.2.29 (talk) 13:01, 26 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

This article is shameful. it talks about Africa and kenya and takes what it is in the kebra negast as a given truth! There is no mentioning whatsoever about modern scholarly researches and it gives undue weight to certain points, like the location of Havilah! How did the editor know that she was born in Marib and died in Ethiopia? Aksum was founded in 1st century AD! Something has to be done about this article --يوسف حسين (talk) 17:48, 29 November 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Haven't looked into this deeply yet but we really should not be using Wallis Budge for this. Nor should Wikipedia assert where she was born and where she died. Dougweller (talk) 20:08, 29 November 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Agreed. Removed Wallis Budge for now. Way more work needs to be done.

Cheers, Λuα ^{(Operibus anteire)} 01:14, 30 November 2013 (UTC)[reply]

How is the above being taken as sufficient pretext to remove all mention of Budge's viewpoint when we have a "needs MORE (nor LESS) viewpoints tag"? Is this tag ostensibly calling for MORE viewpoints some kind of sneaky way of eliminating altogether the opinions associating her with Ethiopia? Is this your true agenda? Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 01:30, 30 November 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Til re-instated my edit. Might have to go through this by majority I guess. I won't revert because of WP:BRD and courtesy to Til, whom I have encountered before doing some good work around here.

Here is my reply to you Til: here is another viewpoint, why not include it as well? While we're at it, let's also say she is an alien -I mean, we do need MORE, not less viewpoints, right?

Budge is hardly worthy of mention in the lede- maybe somewhere else in the article. To equate his viewpoint (based 19th century understanding of the world) with a major faith and modern scholarship is mind-numbingly stupid that no one but a hardcore Ethiopian nationalist will even entertain it.

No one has a devious plan against Ethiopia, but we do against inaccuracies (say, linking Ethiopia with coffee for instance).

Cheers,

Λuα ^{(Operibus anteire)} 03:30, 30 November 2013 (UTC)[reply]

There are tons of books linking Ethiopia with coffee and you indeed have a strange opinion if you consider Ethiopia's link with coffee to be an "inaccuracy". This seems to confirm that you are opposed to including any pro-Ethiopian opinions anywhere regardless of how widespread or easily-found elsewhere they may be. Anyone who has actually been in the region of Ethiopia, which you evidently never have, knows better than the dry nonsense you seem to be spouting from some armchair. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 14:49, 30 November 2013 (UTC)[reply]

That's a tangent. This article is about the Queen of Sheba. Please explain why you reverted something 3 editors agree with.

Cheers, Λuα ^{(Operibus anteire)} 22:38, 1 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

PS. I have been to Ethiopia to help around on a medical trip. It was good, but I'd never go back, to be honest. This has nothing to do with it. The coffee link is historically inaccurate. Let's agree to disagree on this one.

Sure, it's you disagreeing with literally tons of sources that coffee's home is in Ethiopia, strongly suggesting you have an agenda of cultural theft here. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 03:18, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I noticed that someone added her father name according to Ethiopian traditions,Arab traditions say otherwise and claim her father name was Il-Sharah. Why isn't that included? I think that section should be left blank because nobody knows the queen's name to begin with --يوسف حسين (talk) 12:53, 30 November 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I agree with that. Cheers. Λuα ^{(Operibus anteire)} 22:38, 1 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I think there should be a separate section discussing her portrayal in art, why did some Europeans in the middle ages portray her as a black women? was it because the Ethiopian Kebra negast was the only source available for them regarding the queen? The featured article in Russian is discussing this matter stating the fact that the Sabaeans were Semites --يوسف حسين (talk) 14:49, 6 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I think you are inviting us to engage in some original speculation, but we desperately need opinions found in published sources, not yet more of our own original wisdom. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 14:55, 6 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Feel free to add that section with reputable sources, Yousef. I'd be happy to help around.

Cheers, Λuα ^{(Operibus anteire)} 15:10, 6 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you, i'm currently expanding the article about Yemen though --يوسف حسين (talk) 03:45, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I don't think Europeans were displaying her as a "black woman", but rather as a dark arab woman. The arabs from the lower half of the Arabian Pennisula have darker features. Blonde hair and dark skin is quite norm in Yemen, Oman, and Saudi Arabia so the image of the queen is not as outlandish as it seems. I feel the image is very accurate.Abdelrahman93 (talk) 10:27, 7 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Is not what you feel or don't feel, how is posting an image of a black girl prove the skin color of the queen of Sheba? I don't want to discuss the Al-Akhdam class here or posting images of tribesmen from the highlands, but the population of Tihama tend to have a darker complexion than the rest of Yemenis for several historical reasons and slavery is one of them. That does not mean by any chance that the biblical queen of sheba was black. The Ethiopian Christian kebra negast was the only source available for Europeans in the middle ages.. --يوسف حسين (talk) 02:58, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Besides, the picture you uploaded is from a forum discussing blondism in Nubia!! --يوسف حسين (talk) 03:07, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

If you think the purpose of the image is to "prove the skin color" you are badly missing the point. The picture was painted in Bohemia (Modern Czech Republic) around 1500 out of someone's imagination, as how the artist depicted her in his mind's eye some 2,500 years after she lived. It doesn't "prove" a thing, nor is it intended to. Compare articles such as Moses, there you will see various significant cultural depictions of Moses, bearing in mind nobody is certain how he looked, but the ones showing him with horns do not "prove" he had horns! Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 03:13, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

which is exactly my point, there should be a section discussing her portrayal in art. I don't see a picture of black Jesus in the info box about Jesus! selecting one photo portraying this queen as a black woman out of many portraying her differently only serves the deceitful content of this article --يوسف حسين (talk) 03:31, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

File:Yemeni girl.jpg

The issue for wikipedia is not how likely the picture is to be accurate, but the fact that it is a cultural representation of the article subject. It could even be wildly inaccurate, but we would have no way of verifying its accuracy one way or the other without engaging in original research. It is a cultural representation and that is exactly what we use on such articles. Why are we seeing such unusual objection to this particular image of a black queen? Because the Queen of Sheba plays such a crucial role to Ethiopian historiography, it has always been an unfortunate fact that there are going to be agencies of other governments who are unfriendly to Ethiopia having any such tradition, who wish to attack it in any way possible. You can recognize the agents because they are the same ones who do things like strenuously deny that coffee has anything to do with Ethiopia. They despise Ethiopia so much they are known to go to ANY length just to deny her any credit for any thing whatsoever and try to force people to believe them. Therefore this is one of those articles that MUST continually deserve the very highest level of scrutiny to prevent these agents filled with hatred from making it one sided and in line with Mussolini's thinking, only to prevent as much as possible the Ethiopian side of the story from being heard by the rest of the world. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 14:09, 7 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Again with your conspiracy theories! I do not hate ethiopia as a matter of fact i have been there and enjoyed my stay at Wondo Genet. I do not have anything against ethiopia and its people and culture. I have a problem with the Wikipedia article of Sheba and the queen of Sheba. You say that the queen plays a crucial rule in Ethiopian historiography, ignoring the fact that the 14th century kebra negast is the oldest Ethiopian source about the queen. The Ethiopian narrative of the queen appears to be an attempt to legitimize the political structure of Ethiopia (The Queen of Sheba: Legend, Literature, and Lore By Deborah M. Coulter-Harris p.142)

The Many Ethiopian storyteller who participated in the kebra negast construction demonstrated themselves to be rhetorical masters using mimicry to construct a unique identity and fabricating a bricolage of cultural materials into a national myth that resolved eternal conflict about Ethiopian identity. The Kebra negast provides a rational for why ethiopian christianty was so jewish, why the Ethiopians looked both african and Arab ... the goal of many inventors and re-tellers overtime was to construct a national narrative not to describe historical truths, but to represent them (Roberta Sterman Sabbath Sacred Tropes: Tanakh, New Testament, and Qur'an As Literature and Culture pp.446-447).. --يوسف حسين (talk) 05:16, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

It is not a theory, it is a fact. First you call it a theory then you immediately prove it a fact by quoting anti-Ethiopian propaganda (of which there is no short supply) as if it were unassailable veritas. NPOV means we cover all the significant points of view, and the Ethiopian point of view is unequivocably one of the significant points of view - it was even enshrined in the 1930 and 1955 Constitutions, and is still maintained by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. If you have other significant points of view that contradict this, add them with attributation as is standardary - but don't delete other significant points of view that you disagree with, or it will become problematic and require further intervention. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 05:30, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

So digging into Ethiopian legends founded in the 14th century is Anti Ethiopian propaganda ? Kenya, yaroba people and ignoring modern scholarly work about the Sabaeans is not a significant point of view. You know better than anyone else that only an Ethiopian nationalist or an afro centrist would entertain this article. Just because an ethiopian empror added that he is the 225 decended of Solomon and the Queen of sheba, does not make it fact simply because there is no evidance to support such claim! i'm not against including that in the article but you do know that the tone is leaning toward favoring Ethiopian legends , ignoring many scholarly work about the kingdom of Saba and its influence on northern Ethiopia--يوسف حسين (talk) 06:01, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Like I said, you are welcome to add any attributable RSS you like for your point of view. It only gets to be a problem when someone goes deleting everything for the opposing point of view - see WP:NPOV. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 06:11, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Kenya and the Yaroba people of whatever should not be in the lead, there is hardly enough scholarly work about a Sabeean queen in Kenya to be included in the article in the first place! if a Pakistani said that Jesus was from Karachi, should that be included because it is a point of view? The new evidence about a south Arabian Sheba/Saba is far stronger than any other point of view. I am not against including Ethiopian legends and tales, but they shouldn't be in the lead or the info box. it should be in the section about the queen in Ethiopian heritage --يوسف حسين (talk) 06:22, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

When there are conflicting major points of view it is a violation of NPOV to give precedence to one point of view, yours apparently being that the Queen of Sheba had nothing to do with Ethiopia. May I remind you that a substantial number of scholars still think that Sheba at the time included land on both sides of the Red Sea including Yemen as well as Eritrea and Ethiopia. It's as if thought scientists are trying to build a mental chasm between Africa and Asia going down the Red Sea as if it were amazing that they had ever heard of each other. The fact of the matter is you can see one from the other. Yes, people knew there was land on the other side and yes, crossings in both directions were always frequent, and several states, including Sheba, incorporated territory on both continents at several points in history. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 06:37, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I never said the queen had nothing to do with Ethiopia. as matter of fact i tried explaining that the Sabaeans had contact with modern day Ethiopia in Sheba's talke page. Nevertheless, having a contact with Ethiopia is something and saying Sheba or its biblical queen was Ethiopian is something else. What you just posted should be in the lead, that many modern scholars believe that the queen might have ruled a territory including Yemen and Ethiopia today. But Saba was a South Arabian Kingdom --يوسف حسين (talk) 06:48, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Maybe we don't actually disagree that much then, but perhaps you knew that Ethiopian historians, by virtue of the Sabaeans ruling Ethiopia too, also consider the Sabaean dynasty as one of their own, notwithstanding its seats being on the Yemeni side... Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 06:53, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

They are free to believe that Haile selassie was a god, but scholars have a different understanding. The fact that no material evidence regarding the queen existence has been found should be included. Some scholars believe she was a mythical figure created to glorify Solomon's wealth, while some others interpreted it differently and came to the conclusion that the Israelites were engaged in the spice trade.. Such works should be included in the article--يوسف حسين (talk) 07:14, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

There are a lot of criticism for Josephus accuracy regarding many topics including this legendary queen --يوسف حسين (talk) 07:20, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I like the stable version to which يوسف حسين reverted. Keep that until we agree on something. Til's 3RR warning on يوسف حسين's talk is just harassment and you should know that, Til.

Honestly speaking, I'm tired of the conspiracy theories. The only money I have seen any government ever spend on Ethiopia is in financial aid. There no ant-Ethiopia agents because honestly, who gives a flying flip?

Cheers,

Λuα ^{(Operibus anteire)} 05:43, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

With an attitude like that, I have little confidence in your editing of Ethiopia related articles. There are no anti-Ethiopia agents? Really? I'm sure you know a lot about the topic. Try reading some of Mussolini's propaganda from the 1930s, or some of Fidel Castro's from the 1970s, or look at the people who want to deny Ethiopia any culture whatsoever, otherwise known as cultural theft - I'm sure you know them. You can find people on the internet now swearing that the rock-hewn Orthodox Churches of King Lalibela had to have been built by visiting Knights Templar because obviously it is impossible that any African race could ever be so clever. To pretend "there are no anti-Ethiopia agents" is outright bunk and won't fool any Ethiopians whose point of view on Ethiopian culture you seek to deny as "insignificant" to the subject of Ethiopian culture. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 05:52, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

And if someone reverts 3 times in one hour, it is not harassment to warn them for 3RR. It is expected. Please do not be so liberal in your accusations. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 05:54, 15 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

3RR from another editor engaged in the edit war is actually aggressive and can be viewed as harassment. A proper attempt to let the other editor know of 3RR is to write a personal message (a la what I did to you) than you use the template.

Either way, I like the middle ground I'm proposing for now.

Feel free to comment. Cheers, Λuα ^{(Operibus anteire)} 21:44, 18 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Youssef has already stated that he objects to the image in the infobox, but would not in the appropriate section. So I added it to the appropriate section and you edit warred to prevent the image from appearing in the article at all, perhaps failing to comprehend that there are in fact no valid reasons whatsoever for preventing the mediaeval image of Queen of Sheba from appearing in the article. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 00:19, 19 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

If I'm going to be subject to your criticism because I used a template that is given for editors to use, you are playing me too close. Back off. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 00:34, 19 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

OK User:Aua, how about you explain it to me then. What is the reason you say this image cannot appear in this article? (Other than "Because I thought that's what Youssef was saying, and I'm on his side" ??? Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 00:41, 19 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

(RI) I totally missed that; I thought you just reverted me. I really have no problem with including the image, but not in the infobox until we agree on something (as per what I wrote below). Oh well, my bad. Cheers, Λuα ^{(Operibus anteire)} 17:59, 19 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Oh, ok then. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 18:32, 19 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Oops, got cut off while writing my edit summary, but instead of having one pic or the other, I removed both pending final solution (obviously, we can all play the revert game and eventually settle down on the non-black pic since it became the status quo, but as courtesy to everyone involved, I'm de-escalating). Cheers, Λuα ^{(Operibus anteire)} 21:06, 18 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Personally I have no concern about the infobox pic. The Bohemian pic has a much better claim as "status quo" there I think, but it's irrelevant to me, I only ever objected to culturally significant pics being removed from the article entirely, and it seemed to be for apparently biased reasoning. It makes a better illustration for the Mediaeval section where I put it IMO, not really the Ethiopian section because it actually does not have much to do with the Ethiopian traditions. There are tons of Ethiopian depictions of her, but that's not one of them. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 18:39, 19 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I, for one, agree with that. If her color is a big issue, then have a neutral image in the infobox, and add her depictions elsewhere. I also agree that image is best placed in the mediaeval section seeing that it's from...well..mediaeval times. If there are more depictions, we probably can throw them in as well for the sake of completeness.

Cheers, Λuα ^{(Operibus anteire)} 19:51, 19 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Some of the text was quite incoherent. At least one passage was also original research, misattributed to one Steven L. Danver (ed.) [1]. Middayexpress (talk) 18:57, 4 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

I am happy about improvements to my wording, however the article should include the rastafari movement and more current political content. Danver is not misinterprted, I provided page entries and the story is neither controversial nor fringy. Serten (talk) 19:40, 4 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

I've moved the original traditional Ethiopian depiction of Makeda/Sheba to the relevant section; image(s) of Beta Israel individuals are WP:OFFTOPIC. A more neutral image or no image at all should go at the top given the dispute above about Sheba's identity. Regarding Rastafari material on Sheba, it can be represented but in its own section as it has nothing to do with traditional Ethiopian beliefs on Sheba. Also, the material attributed to the Steven L. Danver (ed.) book is original research since it is not indicated on the cited pages 10-13 [2]. Middayexpress (talk) 17:06, 5 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

I do not agree with the changes. Danver is quoted correctly, I checked in google books. Pnina Tamano-Shata is not "any" beta, but a moP often named as for the Sheba role model and much better as the nazarene campy figure before. Last the rastafari and afrocentric studies material is in the narratives, not ethiopian section and right there. Serten (talk) 17:58, 5 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Danver is evidently not correctly represented. Here is a pdf of his book and nowhere does he mention anything about Sheba and Rastafarianism, let alone on pages 10-13. It also makes no difference who the Beta Israel MP is. That is not the topic of the article; the mythical Queen of Sheba is. Per WP:OI, the original research policy applies to images and their captions as well, not just to text. I'm not sure what makes you believe that the Makeda/Sheba painting is Nazarene, but I've removed it for the sake of argument. I've also fixed the foregoing again and neutralized the image at the top and the original research in the lede. Please do not re-insert this without prior discussion and agreement. Middayexpress (talk) 18:28, 5 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

I receive a malware warining with that sort of pdf. Danver is quite outspoken in his book, but I think I got your point now and corrected it. The afrocentrism / black athena issue is selv evident but has more sopurces now. The narrative respeczivel the role model issue is important. I dont get why you erased the lede picture as well, its not neutral, but erased. Serten (talk) 19:43, 5 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

I already explained that a more neutral image or no image at all should go at the top given the dispute above about Sheba's identity. That said, the pdf link is certainly not malware. I'll reupload it shortly on a free server to demonstrate once and for all that Danver does not indicate this anywhere. Middayexpress (talk) 20:24, 5 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Middayexpress, I dont need an upload, as I think we had a misunderstanding. For me the reference to afrocentrism and rastas are selfexplaining, now we have a separate source for that. I think that case is closed. With regard to the pic in the lede, I am not sure why The Queen should not have a pic in the entry. Waht would you reagrd as a "neutral" pic? Is it about her black or whiteness? I suggest to use Berta Golahnys sculpture with an hint on the controversy. Regards Serten (talk) 22:08, 5 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

I'm afraid not. The material attributed to the Danver book is original research since he doesn't appear to say anything of the sort. As promised, I've re-uploaded a copy of his actual book on this other server. It can no longer be claimed that one isn't aware of this because of malware or whatever since the book is now available for verification on two separate servers. Similarly, as can be seen here, the Conyers Jr. and McFarland book does not indicate that "Afrocentrism applied as well an image of a people being chosen and prefered on black respectively African people and included the Queen in their realm". That wikitext also makes no sense and no page number from the book was provided to support this incoherent claim. Additionally, I already explained above that the Ethiopian Sheba tradition has nothing to do with the newfangled Afrocentric one. For starters, the Ethiopian tradition is several centuries old and, though essentially legendary, is based on actual historic relations with the Levant, not on modern Afrocentric notions of who Sheba was. Lastly, I already explained above that per WP:OI, one cannot add original research captions to images. Given this, I've also removed the claim regarding Golhany's portrait of Sheba. Additionally, I've contacted a regular on the Africa WikiProject for input and to see whether he too has problems accessing the Danver link due to malware. Middayexpress (talk) 15:58, 6 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Sorry, you misunderstood the edit. I have used McFarland book to indicate that Ethiopian people used e.g. the Kebra Nagast to claim possession of the Ark of the Covenant respectively to have replaced the Beta Israel and the Israelites in general as chosen people. I havent assumed that the rastas and "Afrocentrism applied as well an image of a people being chosen and prefered on black respectively African people and included the Queen in their realm" needs any sourcing, itsevident. but I provided that as well. ^[1] Afrocentrism^[2] Insoafr I would prefer to have the imprved version restored. Again, would you be please so kind to answer my questions? Serten (talk) 17:46, 6 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

The edit was not an improvement. On the contrary, it was largely original research, as shown above. The historical Ethiopian Kebra Negast tradition has absolutely nothing to do with the modern Afrocentric beliefs surrounding the Queen of Sheba. Conyers Jr. and McFarland certainly do not indicate anywhere in their book that it does, nor obviously could they given the fact that the Ethiopian Kebra Negast tradition is several centuries old. That said, please quote the pasage in their work that you are referring to so that I have an idea what exactly it is you are trying to convey. It is linked above. Middayexpress (talk) 18:29, 6 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Sorry, Afrocentrism is just a branch of science, which of cause uses and deals as well with the Sheba legend. Serten (talk) 00:55, 7 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

References

El Cazangero, you have made some controversial edits ("Chatter..") and reverted my revert with the notion "Talk". I would highly prefer you came up with better reasons for that and if you ask for using the talk page, then do so yourself. As long as you don't provide any valid reason, I tend to ignore and restore, but lets see what you have to say. Serten (talk) 04:27, 13 October 2014 (UTC) PS.: No reaction from your side. I did some changes on the lede, but have restored the rest. As said, try to provide reasons for changes which are acceptable.[reply]

Again, start talkimg and refrain from further controversial edits. Serten (talk) 22:06, 14 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

??? Serten (talk) 07:03, 18 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

FWIW, the reasons for my revert are: 1) Many stylistic errors, typos and chatty language, as well as distortion of sources by paraphrasing them wrongly and badly, all being justified with "somebody else's copyright". 2) Far-off and weak sources, probably substituted for the real (and good) ones. 3) Pseudo-politically-correct suppression of the referenced term Falashas, without any objectively derogatory meaning. 4) Persistent imputing of a legendary (and ultimately racist) image of "blackness" to the Queen of Sheba, based on Senghor. That image probably originated sometime in the Middle Age, due to European Christian fantasies of the "exotic orient", possibly corroborated with a reference to a black (?) person mentioned in the Song of Songs. Another possibility is her allegedly Ethiopian provenance, but contrary to her depiction in the Ethiopian fresco showed in the article. The Russian Wikipedia article mentions it via Origen, but as a primary source. This may be pursued further, .... In general, the color of the Queen of Sheba's skin is unimportant in the many reputable sources provided so far .... --El Cazangero (talk) 10:48, 25 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Try to start editing without offending those that do not share youre points. Calling Senghor a racist and Falasha non derogatory, is sort of fringy, erasing them based on a I-dont't-like-it perspective rather silly. Reverted. Serten (talk) 10:54, 25 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

@El Cazangero: This is a start. But the matter of how far to mention the theory of her having been black needs to be further discussed, as does the use of "falasha", which is a loaded term in the present day. The need to avoid copyvio is non-negotiable. What specific passages do you think are badly paraphrased, and what wording would you recommend, perhaps a short quotation or two? "Many stylistic errors, typos and chatty language" requires specifics: please give examples. Yngvadottir (talk) 11:46, 25 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Those are some valid points, particularly where you appear to suggest (if I understood you correctly) that Senghor's rendering of the Queen of Sheba is not the same as the traditional Ethiopian rendering. Indeed, the traditional Ethiopian depiction of the legendary Queen is centuries older and not hugely different from that adhered to elsewhere (that one Czech mural notwithstanding). The prose and formatting could also certainly use improvement. That said, Serten has made a good faith effort, but I think there may at times be a bit of a language barrier (English may not be his first for even second language). Another thing for all to remember is to avoid any pejorative WP:LABELs, and especially to keep the focus on the Queen herself. Like all legendary figures, there are countless, and often quite weird theories on her, so it's important to avoid any fringy material. This can perhaps best be assured by relying as much as possible on the Classics and historical works. Middayexpress (talk) 18:21, 25 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

At the risk of being repetitive, copyvio is a red line you can't cross, and text based on sources must clearly be in your own words. Of course sources shouldn't be distorted, but there is no justifiction for violating our copyright policy and that has been made clear enough to El Cazengero in the past. I'll also point out that we prefer secondary sources - in this case normally academic ones, to tertiary sources, ie encylopedias.Dougweller (talk) 18:48, 25 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

I see. I wasn't aware that there was a copyright issue with his/her edit. Core policies should definitely be adhered to. Academic sources are indeed also best, particularly within the relevant Middle Eastern studies and Classics field. Middayexpress (talk) 20:24, 25 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Senghor and other current use are of importance for the overview on the narrative, I dont give much about DWEM. One might discuss the Black Egyptian hypothesis, but with regard to the Queen of Sheba, of cause she was most probably black - in nowadays terms - but these terms were different bevore the rather modern invention of racism. The S of S "I am black but comely" may refer as well to a tan of a lower social class, as in German "schwarzbraun". Serten (talk) 20:39, 25 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]

I had to revert El Cazangero again, manually this time. Better actually start discussing - your edit comments don't signify any increased level of cooperation. Serten II (talk) 22:50, 8 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

I came to this article because of a paragraph in African Myths by Gary Jeffrey book published by Rosen Publishing. Wikipedia article mentions "rumour that the Queen has hairy legs and the foot of an ass". The paragraph (on page 45) in the Gary Jeffrey book says Sheba (aka Makeda) was "A historical figure who also appears in Ethiopian myths, and in Christian and Islamic Stories. Shea ... was to be sacificed to the serpent-king, Arwe. Arwe is killed but as he dies, a drop of his blood falls onto Makeda's foot and changes it into a donkey's hoof. ..."

Another book The Queen of Sheba: Legend, Literature and Lore seems to have more details on page 162: "... By contrast, Ethiopian legend states her deformity was incurred by her by her being bitten by her pet jackal, and Eritreans say her foot became malformed as a donkey's hoof when dragon blood dropped on her flesh. ..."

Would it be ok to add (to the Wikipedia aricle) more detail about this mythology about Sheba? --EarthFurst (talk) 22:12, 13 August 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Are the editors sure they want to use fertile in "fertile cycles of legends"??? How about "many legends have arisen over the years."(PeacePeace (talk) 06:04, 19 February 2018 (UTC))[reply]

The term "orient" is deprecated jargon. -Inowen (talk) 01:32, 6 March 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Well since I am a Muslim I see that the presentation of the Queen of Saba' in the section of "Muslim traditional" isn't completed and not the full story and how she converted as its mentioned in Surat An-Naml https://quran.com/27 as there is no mentioning of the Hoopoe story SharabSalam (talk) 15:17, 27 July 2018 (UTC)[reply]

This sentence while other traditions say that he gave her in marriage to a tubba of Hamdan has an error but I cant fix it because the source that is given is offline and I can't check it. The true one that I found in Arabic books says he gave her marriage to a king of Hamdan(In the narratives its called Qel which has similar meaning to Sheikh).[3] According to traditions his name was (Tha Tuba) thats his name not his title it is somehow linked to Tubba of Himyar in this article and thats cant be true because Tubba kings came at the time of the second himyarite kingdom and thats too late. ِAlso Hamdan cant be part of Himyar it is a Sabaean tribe. So if someone has access to the offline reference that is given please tell us what it really says. Also this not related to Islam(another mistake) but to Arab traditional. I dont know why its under Islam section. IMO the only thing that section should contain is things that are related to Islam like Hadith or Quran. Also since there is a section called Ethiopian I think its okay to make a section called Arabs. I somehow understand why some people cant distinguish between Arab tradition and Islamic belief but this is not an excuse--SharabSalam (talk) 07:41, 9 March 2019 (UTC)[reply]

I know I am always in the talk page of this article but few times I make edits in here. I want to start a saperated article about Balqis(Queen of Sheba) but like in the Arab-Islamic tradition. I don't know what would it's name be. "Queen of Sheba in Arab tradition"?--SharabSalam (talk) 17:59, 7 August 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Okay I have decided, "Queen of Sheba in the Yemeni folklore" or something like that. There are lots and lots of details from the Yemeni folklore that are missed from this article like her early life, how she became the Queen etc. I will mainly use an old famous book written by Wahb ibn Munabbih called "al-Tigan fi Mulook Ḥimyar".--SharabSalam (talk) 10:26, 4 October 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Yes, SharabSalam, I think that that is a great idea, and will definitely add to the scope of this article. A separate article treating on the Arab tradition surrounding the Queen of Sheba (Malkat Seba` = ملكة سباء) would be welcome here. When I was in Yemen, I often heard talk about the famous queen named Bilqis. Historically speaking, though, there are divergent views as to when this queen actually lived in Yemen, which may actually be the result of embellished traditions surrounding one or several women by the same name. At any rate, from a pure historical-geographical point of view, the ancient kingdom of Sheba (Arabic: سباء) is said to have been in Ma'rib, where the Marib Dam is now located.Davidbena (talk) 12:25, 25 October 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Working on it.-SharabSalam (talk) 22:04, 25 October 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Per WP:CATV Categorization of articles must be verifiable. It should be clear from verifiable information in the article why it was placed in each of its categories. The article does not source the claim that the Queen of Sheba is any kind of saint. Therefore the categories Muslim female saints, Muslim female saints from the Old Testament have been removed. Per WP:CATDEF A central concept used in categorizing articles is that of the defining characteristics of a subject of the article. A defining characteristic is one that reliable sources commonly and consistently define the subject as having". It is not a defining characteristic of the Queen of Sheba that she is an "Islamic figure" so this category has also been removed.Smeat75 (talk) 00:41, 9 September 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Unraveling the Mystery of Queen Saba: A Closer Look at Psalms 72

Psalms 72, a poetic and symbolic text in the biblical Book of Psalms, has long captivated scholars and enthusiasts alike with its enigmatic references to various nations and individuals, including the Sabian, Arabian, and Ethiopian. Among these figures, one character stands out prominently: Queen Saba, whose origins and identity have sparked fervent debate and speculation throughout history.

In Psalms 72, the Sabian, Arabian, and Ethiopian are described separately and independently, igniting curiosity about the true lineage and background of Queen Saba. While some interpretations view these descriptions as referring to distinct geographical regions or ethnic groups, others delve into the realm of myth and legend, portraying Queen Saba as an otherworldly being—a figure of mystery and wonder.

One intriguing interpretation posits Queen Saba as an alien entity, a being who transcends conventional human understanding. According to this perspective, Queen Saba is depicted as half-human, half-faun—a hybrid creature embodying elements of both humanity and the supernatural. Such interpretations draw parallels with ancient mythologies and folklore, where beings of divine or extraterrestrial origin often interacted with mortal realms.

Furthermore, the question of Queen Saba's true homeland adds another layer of intrigue to the narrative. While present-day Eritrea and Ethiopia are both plausible candidates for the location of Queen Saba's kingdom, proponents of each region passionately advocate for their respective claims. Despite the lack of conclusive historical evidence, the debate continues to fuel scholarly discourse and popular imagination.

In considering the possible origins of Queen Saba, I am inclined to align with the belief that her kingdom likely resided in Eritrea. This assertion is based on a combination of historical context, cultural heritage, and geographical factors. Eritrea's rich history, marked by its ancient civilizations and strategic location along the Red Sea coast, provides a compelling backdrop for the legendary reign of Queen Saba. Moreover, Eritrea's cultural ties to ancient Ethiopia, coupled with its distinct identity and traditions, underscore its potential connection to the enigmatic queen.

However, it is essential to acknowledge that the true identity of Queen Saba may forever remain shrouded in mystery and interpretation. As with many figures of antiquity, her legacy transcends historical fact, weaving a tapestry of myth and symbolism that continues to inspire fascination and inquiry.

In conclusion, Psalm 72 offers a tantalizing glimpse into the world of Queen Saba—a figure whose origins and identity defy easy categorization. Whether viewed as a mortal monarch, a celestial being, or a mythical archetype, Queen Saba remains an enduring symbol of power, wisdom, and enigma. As we continue to explore the depths of scripture and legend, the mystery of Queen Saba will undoubtedly endure, captivating hearts and minds for generations to come. 82.139.134.200 (talk) 20:08, 19 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]