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((Short description|Type of handmade lace))
((More citations needed|date=August 2019))
[[Image:Carolus -Private Collection - tule.jpg|thumb|right|200px|lace from [[Lier, Belgium|Lier]] ]]

'''Tambour lace''' refers to a family of lace made by stretching a fine net over a [[embroidery hoop|frame]]<ref>((Cite web|last=Willem|title=Tambour Frame|url=https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/tools/tensioning/tambour-frame|access-date=2021-07-10|website=trc-leiden.nl|language=en-gb))</ref> (the eponymous ''Tambour'', from the [[French language|French]] for drum) and creating a [[chain stitch]], known as tambour, using a fine, pointed hook<ref>((Cite web|title=Tambour embroidery|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/tambour))</ref><ref>((Cite web|last=Willem|title=Tambour Lace|url=https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/regional-traditions/europe-and-north-america/lace-types/tambour-lace|access-date=2021-07-10|website=trc-leiden.nl|language=en-gb))</ref> to reach through the net and draw the working thread through.

The tambour [[embroidery]] technique became popular in western fashion during the 18th century, particularly fashionable in the early 19th century when applied to net fabrics, creating a look similar to lace.<ref name=":0" />

== History and origins ==
Tambour chain-stitch embroidery was adapted from techniques used extensively in the East, namely Persia, India, and China, which had been practiced for many centuries. Tambour embroidery has its origins in Ari work of the Kutch region of [[Gujarat|Gujarat, India]], and [[chain stitch]] practiced in [[China]]'''.'''<ref name=":1">((Cite web |date=2023-06-30 |title=Tambour: A (not so) brief History ((!)) |url=https://londonembroideryschool.com/2023/06/30/tambour-a-not-so-brief-history/ |access-date=2023-07-30 |language=en-GB))</ref> 
[[File:Border (ST130C) - Costume-Waistcoat - MoMu Antwerp.jpg|thumb|Tambour-worked waistcoat pocket detail, silk, c.1770-1800. MoMu Fashion Museum Antwerp, ST130C.]]
Highly decorated textiles and garments of the in heavier weight fabrics featuring tambour-style embroidery, such as jackets, waistcoats, and gowns, were created for the export market in countries including India in the 18th century. Pieces in imitation began to be manufactured in the west at this time due to the rising popularity of imported garments, using adapted embroidery techniques .<ref name=":2">((Citation |title=Waistcoat |date=1740–1749 |url=http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O137744/waistcoat-unknown/ |access-date=2023-07-30))</ref>

Little is heard of tambour lace until the 1760s when translucent muslins from India, perhaps already tamboured with sprigs, were coming into fashion.  
[[File:Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_-_The_Ladies_Waldegrave_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|[[The Ladies Waldegrave]] by [[Joshua Reynolds|Sir Joshua Reynolds]]]]In the second half of the 18th and into the early 19th century, tambouring was a fashionable pastime for ladies of the French and English courts.<ref name=":0">((Cite web|last=Bentley|first=Grace Victoria|title=The History and Development of Tambour Embroidery|url=https://costumesociety.org.uk/blog/post/the-history-and-development-of-tambour-embroidery))</ref> It was usually practiced on fine muslin, therefore becoming associated with lace, and was variously known as [[sewed muslin]] and flowered muslin.

In fashionable western dress, lightweight textiles made-up into garments and accessories were popular through the late 18th to the mid-19th century. Simple chain stitches of the tambour technique embellished clothing with cotton, silk, and silver guilt thread, as well as elements such as beads and sequins.<ref name=":1" /> Floral motifs and trailing forms reflected the Asian origins of the embroidery style, though much of the tambour work produced for the western market was manufactured in areas such as western Scotland, for example.  
[[File:Lace (AM 1962.185-2).jpg|thumb|Lace (AM 1962.185-2)]]Those creating tambour-worked pieces in Britain, both in past-time and in industry for market sale, worked using a circular embroidery frame, adapting techniques from practitioners in India where traditionally tambour-work was created using only the hands.<ref name=":2" /> Later examples of the tambour technique were created using machine, through technological development, with hand-made tambour-work, including tambour lace, being recognised as an artisanal craft.<ref name=":1" />

Although tambour is often a surface embroidery, it is used in [[Limerick lace]].<ref>((cite book|title=A Dictionary of Lace|isbn=0-85263-700-4|author=Pat Earnshaw |date=1984 |publisher=Shire Publications))</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Sewed muslin]]
* [[Embroidery]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((Lace types))

((DEFAULTSORT:Tambour Lace))
[[Category:Needle lace]]

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