The British frigates were immediately acquired when the United States refused to renew the lease of the four Garcia and four Brooke-class frigates, due to the enforcement of the Pressler Amendment.[5] requiring Pakistan to return the vessels to the United States at the end of their five-year lease.[6]
Upon acquisition, all six frigates were reconfigured to enhance their engineering design and construction and military software updates that feature Swedish technology, giving them missile launching capability.[7] Following these upgrades, the ships were reclassified as destroyers.[8]
In 2008, the Pakistan Navy had carried out a successful test of the Camcopter S-100, an unmanned aerial vehicle, from the flight deck of a Tariq-class destroyer.[9] The Tariq-class destroyers are currently in process of phasing out from their services, and are now all decommissioned from its military service as of 2023.[10]
The Brooke and Garcia-class guided missile destroyers being commissioned into Pakistan Navy in 1986.[5] All were returned to United States in 1993–95.[6]
Procurement of Type 21 frigates dates back to 1966 when the UK first made an offer to Pakistan to jointly build three Type 21 frigates. The Ayub administration rejected the proposal as they wanted to allocate the funds to acquire Daphné-classsubmarines from France.[11] Since 1966, the Pakistan Navy had wanted to acquire Type 21 frigates from the UK, submitting several proposals to the Government of Pakistan for acquiring the Type 21 frigates in 1970s.[12]
Despite the initial efforts with the Royal Navy, the Pakistan Navy leased four Garcia-class frigate and four Brooke-class frigate from the United States Navy in 1988; the selection was based on technological evaluation and Pakistani military specifications.[5][14] The lease was set for five years with an option of renewing or purchasing the lease afterwards based on the mutual understanding between two nations.[15]
After the enforcement of the military embargo by the United States Congress in 1994, the lease was not renewed, therefore, the eight warships had to be returned to the United States Navy in Singapore, resulting Pakistan's sea borders vulnerable to foreign activities.[15][6]
The Pakistan Ministry of Defence authorized the purchase of the Type 21 frigates from the United Kingdom for US$60 million, and reportedly spent nearly the same amount on converting and modernizing the warships from general purpose frigates to destroyer standards.[1]
On 1 November 1993, the lead ship, Tariq (formerly HMS Ambuscade), reported to the naval base in Karachi and the transfer of all warships was completed on 1 January 1995.[7] The induction of the Tariq-class destroyers marked the replacement of the Garcia and Brooke-class frigates in the Pakistan Navy's surface command.[7]
Modernization
In 2002, it was reported that Pakistan had spent additional US$60 million to modernize the Tariq-class fleet according their Navy's specification from the general purpose frigates to the combat variant destroyer standards.[1] In the service of the Royal Navy, the Seacat, Exocet, torpedo tubes, and Lynx helicopters were distinct features in the Amazon/Type 21 frigates.[16] With the Pakistan Navy's service, Exocet and the Seacat missiles were removed as well as torpedo tubes which were subsequently removed in all warships with the exception made in Badr and Shah Jahan.[7]
The weapon systems and computers fitted in the Tariqs features Swedish technology.[7] The flight deck and the Lynx helicopters remained with the Tariqs and arrived in Karachi with their respective warships.[7]
The Royal Navy did not transfer the Exocet and Seacat missiles that were replaced with the Chinese-made LY-60SAM system.[7] Instead, the more capable U.S.-built Harpoon missiles were installed to replace the British weapon systems.[7] Extensive installation of computer software and missile deployments allowed the classification of Tariq from the DDE (destroyer escort) to the DDG (guided missile), with lead ship featuring the installation of LY-60 guided missiles.[7]
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Pakistan Navy
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