.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important))You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,172 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Exact name of the Russian article]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated page|ru|Exact name of Russian article)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

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This template is used on approximately 4,400 pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them.

This template may have no transclusions, because it is substituted by a tool or script, it is used as part of a short-term or less active Wikipedia process, or for some other reason.

This template may be used to mark articles that have counterparts in Russian Wikipedia that are better than in English Wikipedia. These articles may be improved by translating content from the original Russian.

Usage

To mark an article, tag it with

((Expand Russian|Russian article title|date=March 2024))

This template adds articles to the category Category:Articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia. See #Categorization below.

The template should be placed atop the article page along with other maintenance templates.

Parameters

All parameters are optional:

|1=ARTICLE – title of the article on Russian Wikipedia. This defaults to the article linked to the English article via Wikidata.
|section=yes – changes notice to "This section may be expanded..." (default: 'article')
|fa=yes – used to tag articles that are featured articles in Russian; used in category name generation.
|topic=TOPIC – a topic code used in category name generation.
|date=March 2024 – set by bot if omitted.

Topics and categorization

This template categorizes articles into categories. Basic categorization is into: ⟶ Category:Articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia. Usage of parameters fa and topic define subcategories, as follows:

fa=yes ⟶ Category:Featured articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia

Topic codes are expanded into fuller descriptors in the category name; for example: code geo becomes Geography, and code gov becomes Government and politics.

topic=geo ⟶ Category:Geography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia

Topics recognized by Expand Russian and the categories they are associated with include:

topic code	topic name and category	articles in category
bio	Biography	1,959
cult	Culture	159
geo	Geography	345
gov	Government and politics	209
hist	History	95
mil	Military	194
sci	Science	51
sport	Sports	20
struct	Building and structure	53
tech	Technology	15
transp	Transport	177
	Main category	(13 C) 1,172

Adding a new topic and subcategory

click show to view details on adding new topics and subcategories
This section provides information about categorization in the ((Expand language)) suite of templates, and explains how to make a new subcategory available for use in a particular language template by use of a topic code. Editors may then employ the topic code in the ((Expand Russian)) template as shorthand for categorizing the article in which it appears into a subcategory associated with that topic code. If you've done this before, and just need a refresher, see Quickstart. Otherwise, skip to the gory details below. Quickstart Here is a summary of the steps to add a new subcategory and a new topic code to the table for Template:Expand Russian (details follow): determine which missing topic code you wish to add (e.g., 'bio'; see col 1 of the topic table) find the topic name for the topic (e.g., 'Biography'; see col. 2 of the Topics table) derive the subcategory name from the topic name and the language name ("Russian", in this case) (e.g., `Biography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia` (click the topic name in col. 2 of the table for an example; e.g., Category:Biography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia) create the Category page for Russian using that name, and categorize it under `Category:Articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia` Adjust the #switch statement in Template:Expand Russian template to include: `\| topic code = Topic name`; for example: `\| bio = Biography` (model after the #switch in Template:Expand French if needed) To use the new code, go to an article needing categorization into the new subcat, and add: `((Expand Russian\|topic=topic code\|date=March 2024))` to the top of the article. Background A topic code is just an abbreviation or word, like bio for "Biography", or sport for "Sports". Associating a topic code with a subcategory name, and enabling its use to categorize articles on which the `((Expand LanguageName))` appears has two main requirements: Creation of a category page with the appropriate subcategory name for the topic code Ensuring that the wikicode of the particular `((Expand LanguageName))` template associates the topic code with the right subcategory name. The ((Expand language)) suite of templates automatically categorizes pages on which it appears into `Category:Articles needing translation from LanguageName Wikipedia`. For many languages, this category may grow too large, and subcategorization is needed. The suite of Expand language templates supports subcategorization into a number of pre-defined subcategories, and provides an easy way of indicating subcategorization by using the `\|topic=` param in the template, instead of having to know about a complex set of category naming or remember the category names. This page explains how to do that. Categorizing articles needing translation Adding a new topic goes hand in hand with creating a new subcategory in which to categorize articles needing expansion. The top level (and sometimes only) category for articles needing expansion for a given language follows this pattern: `Category:Articles needing translation from LanguageName Wikipedia` But the top level category can often grow to many hundreds or thousands of articles and that's too much for one category. In order to facilitate a better and more useful categorization, the ((Expand language)) suite of templates supports subcategorization into a number of subcategories using the `\|topic=` parameter of the language-specific templates, such as ((Expand French)) or ((Expand German)). Ten topic codes are defined, such as bio (for 'Biography') and mil (for 'Military'): when used as the value of the `\|topic=` parameter, they imply (but do not automatically create) a subcategory of a specific name. For example: `((Expand Russian\|topic=bio))` would categorize the article in which it appears into subcategory ⟶ Category:Biography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia . Topic codes and topic names The rows in the topic code table show what subcategories already exist under the top level category for a given language; for example, for Russian, the topic code table is here. The existing subcategories can be found by clicking (or mousing over) the topic names in column two of the table. There are ten predefined topic codes that are conventionally available for addition to, and use by, any of the Expand LanguageName templates. They are: bio, cult, geo, gov, hist, mil, sci, sport, struct, and transp. Each code is recognized by param `\|topic=` in the Expand LanguageName template, which will categorize the page on which it appears into a subcategory based on the associated topic name, e.g.,bio ⟶ Biography, and so forth). Creating a new subcategory choose a topic code from the topic code table and determine the topic name from column 2 of the table (e.g., `bio` ⟶ Biography) define the subcategory name as a function of topic name and language name, using this pattern: `Topic name articles needing translation from Language name Wikipedia` Example: for topic name `Biography` and Russian we have: Biography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia create the category, e.g., Category:Biography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia Add the following text, and save the page: ((Transcat\|language=Russian\|topic=bio)) ((CatAutoTOC)) Enable subcategorization in the Expand LanguageName template Creating a new subcategory is independent of the Expand language template, and one could always categorize an article into the subcategory the way any article is categorized, simply by adding the category between brackets to the end of the article. But to make subcategorization easier, the specific Expand language template for a given language will categorize the article into a subcategory automatically, if the correct association between topic code and topic name appears in the wikicode of the template. Edit the specific Expand language template for the given language; for example, for Russian: edit Template:Expand Russian The association between topic code and topic name for a given language, and by extension between the topic code and the subcategory name, occurs in the wikicode of the specific language name templates, in particular, in the assignment of `\|topic=`, which usually occurs within a #switch statement which picks one of a number of topic codes and assigns it to the topic name. Some languages have no support for topic codes, for example, ((Expand Chinese)); others have full support, like ((Expand French)), and others have something in between. To enable `\|topic=` to be used to categorize the article on which it appears into the associated subcategory requires this code to be set up correctly; if the wikicode does not already have it, you can copy the `#switch` statement that assigns the value of `\|topic=` from Template:Expand French. Classify articles into the new subcategory To classify articles into the new subcategory, use a specific Expand language template with the `\|topic=` param. Edit the article and find the ((Expand Russian)) template Paste `\|topic=bio` into the template call; it can go anywhere, but after the name is good, e.g.: `((Expand Russian\|John Doe\|topic=bio\|date=March 2024))` Add an edit summary e.g., "Added topic=bio to Expand template."; Preview as needed, and Publish. Creating non-standard subcategories and topic codes Topic codes that are not among the standard ten may be created for specific languages and associated with new subcategories as needed. Define a topic code, a topic name corresponding to the variable part of the subcategory name, and add it to the template #switch statement. To add the new code to the topic table in the doc page, create a /topics subpage, e.g., Template:Expand Russian/topics in which the row for the topics table is defined. If the file exists, it is transcluded at the end of the table. For an example, see `\|topic=commune` in the ((Expand French)) template. This is a more advanced type of operation which requires some basic knowledge of template writing, so it may be easier to do this by adding an Edit request on the Talk page of the template concerned. In the Edit request, specify the topic code and subcategory name you wish to add. For example, you could say, "Please add new topic code mtn to ((Expand Nepali)) which should categorize articles containing `((Expand Nepali\|topic=mtn))` into subcategory 'Mountain articles needing translation from Nepali Wikipedia' using the topic code mtn." You can create the subcategory yourself, following the instructions above.

click show to view details on adding new topics and subcategories

This section provides information about categorization in the ((Expand language)) suite of templates, and explains how to make a new subcategory available for use in a particular language template by use of a topic code. Editors may then employ the topic code in the ((Expand Russian)) template as shorthand for categorizing the article in which it appears into a subcategory associated with that topic code. If you've done this before, and just need a refresher, see Quickstart. Otherwise, skip to the gory details below.

Quickstart

Here is a summary of the steps to add a new subcategory and a new topic code to the table for Template:Expand Russian (details follow):

determine which missing topic code you wish to add (e.g., 'bio'; see col 1 of the topic table)
find the topic name for the topic (e.g., 'Biography'; see col. 2 of the Topics table)
derive the subcategory name from the topic name and the language name ("Russian", in this case) (e.g., Biography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia (click the topic name in col. 2 of the table for an example; e.g., Category:Biography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia)
create the Category page for Russian using that name, and categorize it under Category:Articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia
Adjust the #switch statement in Template:Expand Russian template to include: | topic code = Topic name; for example:
| bio = Biography (model after the #switch in Template:Expand French if needed)
To use the new code, go to an article needing categorization into the new subcat, and add:
((Expand Russian|topic=topic code|date=March 2024)) to the top of the article.

Background

A topic code is just an abbreviation or word, like bio for "Biography", or sport for "Sports". Associating a topic code with a subcategory name, and enabling its use to categorize articles on which the ((Expand LanguageName)) appears has two main requirements:

Creation of a category page with the appropriate subcategory name for the topic code
Ensuring that the wikicode of the particular ((Expand LanguageName)) template associates the topic code with the right subcategory name.

The ((Expand language)) suite of templates automatically categorizes pages on which it appears into Category:Articles needing translation from LanguageName Wikipedia. For many languages, this category may grow too large, and subcategorization is needed. The suite of Expand language templates supports subcategorization into a number of pre-defined subcategories, and provides an easy way of indicating subcategorization by using the |topic= param in the template, instead of having to know about a complex set of category naming or remember the category names. This page explains how to do that.

Categorizing articles needing translation

Adding a new topic goes hand in hand with creating a new subcategory in which to categorize articles needing expansion. The top level (and sometimes only) category for articles needing expansion for a given language follows this pattern:

Category:Articles needing translation from LanguageName Wikipedia

But the top level category can often grow to many hundreds or thousands of articles and that's too much for one category. In order to facilitate a better and more useful categorization, the ((Expand language)) suite of templates supports subcategorization into a number of subcategories using the |topic= parameter of the language-specific templates, such as ((Expand French)) or ((Expand German)). Ten topic codes are defined, such as bio (for 'Biography') and mil (for 'Military'): when used as the value of the |topic= parameter, they imply (but do not automatically create) a subcategory of a specific name. For example:

((Expand Russian|topic=bio))

would categorize the article in which it appears into subcategory ⟶ Category:Biography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia .

Topic codes and topic names

The rows in the topic code table show what subcategories already exist under the top level category for a given language; for example, for Russian, the topic code table is here. The existing subcategories can be found by clicking (or mousing over) the topic names in column two of the table.

There are ten predefined topic codes that are conventionally available for addition to, and use by, any of the Expand LanguageName templates. They are: bio, cult, geo, gov, hist, mil, sci, sport, struct, and transp. Each code is recognized by param |topic= in the Expand LanguageName template, which will categorize the page on which it appears into a subcategory based on the associated topic name, e.g.,bio ⟶ Biography, and so forth).

Creating a new subcategory

choose a topic code from the topic code table and determine the topic name from column 2 of the table (e.g., bio ⟶ Biography)
define the subcategory name as a function of topic name and language name, using this pattern:
Topic name articles needing translation from Language name Wikipedia

Example: for topic name Biography and Russian we have: Biography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia
create the category, e.g., Category:Biography articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia
Add the following text, and save the page:

((Transcat|language=Russian|topic=bio))

((CatAutoTOC))

Enable subcategorization in the Expand LanguageName template

Creating a new subcategory is independent of the Expand language template, and one could always categorize an article into the subcategory the way any article is categorized, simply by adding the category between brackets to the end of the article. But to make subcategorization easier, the specific Expand language template for a given language will categorize the article into a subcategory automatically, if the correct association between topic code and topic name appears in the wikicode of the template.

Edit the specific Expand language template for the given language; for example, for Russian: edit Template:Expand Russian

The association between topic code and topic name for a given language, and by extension between the topic code and the subcategory name, occurs in the wikicode of the specific language name templates, in particular, in the assignment of |topic=, which usually occurs within a #switch statement which picks one of a number of topic codes and assigns it to the topic name. Some languages have no support for topic codes, for example, ((Expand Chinese)); others have full support, like ((Expand French)), and others have something in between. To enable |topic= to be used to categorize the article on which it appears into the associated subcategory requires this code to be set up correctly; if the wikicode does not already have it, you can copy the #switch statement that assigns the value of |topic= from Template:Expand French.

Classify articles into the new subcategory

To classify articles into the new subcategory, use a specific Expand language template with the |topic= param.

Edit the article and find the ((Expand Russian)) template
Paste |topic=bio into the template call; it can go anywhere, but after the name is good, e.g.:
((Expand Russian|John Doe|topic=bio|date=March 2024))
Add an edit summary e.g., "Added topic=bio to Expand template."; Preview as needed, and Publish.

Creating non-standard subcategories and topic codes

Topic codes that are not among the standard ten may be created for specific languages and associated with new subcategories as needed. Define a topic code, a topic name corresponding to the variable part of the subcategory name, and add it to the template #switch statement.

To add the new code to the topic table in the doc page, create a /topics subpage, e.g., Template:Expand Russian/topics in which the row for the topics table is defined. If the file exists, it is transcluded at the end of the table. For an example, see |topic=commune in the ((Expand French)) template.

This is a more advanced type of operation which requires some basic knowledge of template writing, so it may be easier to do this by adding an Edit request on the Talk page of the template concerned. In the Edit request, specify the topic code and subcategory name you wish to add. For example, you could say, "Please add new topic code mtn to ((Expand Nepali)) which should categorize articles containing ((Expand Nepali|topic=mtn)) into subcategory 'Mountain articles needing translation from Nepali Wikipedia' using the topic code mtn." You can create the subcategory yourself, following the instructions above.

Usage

Parameters

Topics and categorization

Adding a new topic and subcategory

See also