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This template is used on approximately 2,300 pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them.

This template is used to produce a phonetic or phonemic representation (using the IPA system) of Mandarin Chinese words or sounds, using Pinyin input to avoid the need to search for the correct phonetic symbols. The result is wikilinked to Help:IPA for Mandarin. Optionally, an audio file can also be specified.

Usage

The number of parameters is always limited to 41 (Note: parameter #41 can only be a tone number).

Normal usage:

((IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2)) produces [ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ]
((IPAc-cmn|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2)) produces [ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ]

With an audio file:

((IPAc-cmn|AUD|Zh-hànyǔ.ogg|h|an|4|yu|3)) produces [xânỳ] ^ⓘ

To change the delimiters (for example, if several instances of the template need to be strung together because of the limit on the number of parameters):

((IPAc-cmn|[-|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2)) produces [ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ
((IPAc-cmn|-]|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2)) produces ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ]

The full range of special values for the first parameter (changing the delimiters and/or specifying that the next parameter is an audio file) is as follows:

-- [- -] // /- -/ AUD -]AUD //AUD -/AUD

For example, to link an audio clip as well as change delimeters:

((IPAc-cmn|-/AUD|Zh-hànyǔ.ogg|h|an|4|yu|3)) produces xânỳ] ^ⓘ

Initials

The following initials are used as in Pinyin, and represent their normal sounds in Standard Mandarin:

b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s

Finals

Each final should be entered as a whole parameter, and as if it were not preceded by an initial, though in most cases either form is acceptable:

yong (or iong), wa (or ua), etc.

But note that the finals with ⟨ü⟩, despite usually being written ⟨u⟩ in Pinyin, must either be substituted with yu ü v, or written together with the initial j, q, or x. Similarly, the null final of shi, ri, etc. must either be substituted with ^ (a caret), or written together with the initial z(h) c(h) s(h) or r.

Erhua is indicated simply with an ‹-r› as part of the final, e.g., angr.

List of Pinyin finals accepted for template input
`^` = [ɨ] `ai` = [aɪ] `an` = [an] `a` = [a] `ang` = [aŋ] `ao` = [aʊ] `ei` = [eɪ] `en` = [ən] `ê` = [ɛ] `e` = [ɤ] `eng` = [əŋ] `yi, i` = [i] `yin, in` = [in] `ying, ing` = [iŋ] `ya, ia` = [ja] `yang, iang` = [jaŋ] `yao, iao` = [jaʊ] `ye, ie` = [je] `yan, ian` = [jɛn] `you, iu` = [joʊ] `yo, io` = [jɔ] `yong, iong` = [jʊŋ] `ou` = [oʊ] `o` = [wo] `wu` = [u] `yue, üe, ve` = [ɥe] `yuan, üan, van` = [ɥɛn] `ong` = [ʊŋ] `wa, ua` = [wa] `wai, uai` = [waɪ] `wan, uan` = [wan] `wang, uang` = [waŋ] `wei, ui` = [weɪ] `wen, un` = [wən] `weng` = [wəŋ] `wo, uo, o` = [wo] `yu, ü, v` = [y] `yun, ün, vn` = [yn] `er, ar, air, anr` = [aɚ] `angr` = [ãɚ̃] `aor` = [aʊ˞] `^r` = [ɨɚ] `eir, enr` = [ɚ] `engr` = [ɚ̃] `e'r` = [ɤ˞] `yar, iar` = [jaɚ] `yanr, ianr` = [jɐɚ] `yangr, iangr` = [jãɚ̃] `yaor, iaor` = [jaʊ˞] `yinr, inr, yir, ir` = [jɚ] `yer, ier` = [jɚ] `yingr, ingr` = [jɚ̃] `your, iur` = [joʊ˞] `yongr, iongr` = [jʊ̃˞] `our` = [oʊ˞] `yuanr, üanr, vanr` = [ɥɐɚ] `yur, ür, vr, yunr, ünr, vnr` = [ɥɚ] `yuer, üer, ver` = [ɥɚ] `ongr` = [ʊ̃˞] `war, uar, wair, uair, wanr, uanr` = [waɚ] `wangr, uangr` = [wãɚ̃] `weir, uir, wenr, unr` = [wɚ] `wengr` = [wɚ̃] `wur` = [u˞] `wor, uor` = [wo˞] `M` = [m̩] `N` = [n̩] `NG` = [ŋ̩]

List of Pinyin finals accepted for template input

^ = [ɨ]
ai = [aɪ]
an = [an]
a = [a]
ang = [aŋ]
ao = [aʊ]
ei = [eɪ]
en = [ən]
ê = [ɛ]
e = [ɤ]
eng = [əŋ]
yi, i = [i]
yin, in = [in]
ying, ing = [iŋ]
ya, ia = [ja]
yang, iang = [jaŋ]
yao, iao = [jaʊ]
ye, ie = [je]
yan, ian = [jɛn]
you, iu = [joʊ]
yo, io = [jɔ]
yong, iong = [jʊŋ]
ou = [oʊ]
o = [wo]
wu = [u]
yue, üe, ve = [ɥe]
yuan, üan, van = [ɥɛn]
ong = [ʊŋ]
wa, ua = [wa]
wai, uai = [waɪ]
wan, uan = [wan]
wang, uang = [waŋ]
wei, ui = [weɪ]
wen, un = [wən]
weng = [wəŋ]
wo, uo, o = [wo]
yu, ü, v = [y]
yun, ün, vn = [yn]
er, ar, air, anr = [aɚ]
angr = [ãɚ̃]
aor = [aʊ˞]
^r = [ɨɚ]
eir, enr = [ɚ]
engr = [ɚ̃]
e'r = [ɤ˞]
yar, iar = [jaɚ]
yanr, ianr = [jɐɚ]
yangr, iangr = [jãɚ̃]
yaor, iaor = [jaʊ˞]
yinr, inr, yir, ir = [jɚ]
yer, ier = [jɚ]
yingr, ingr = [jɚ̃]
your, iur = [joʊ˞]
yongr, iongr = [jʊ̃˞]
our = [oʊ˞]
yuanr, üanr, vanr = [ɥɐɚ]
yur, ür, vr, yunr, ünr, vnr = [ɥɚ]
yuer, üer, ver = [ɥɚ]
ongr = [ʊ̃˞]
war, uar, wair, uair, wanr, uanr = [waɚ]
wangr, uangr = [wãɚ̃]
weir, uir, wenr, unr = [wɚ]
wengr = [wɚ̃]
wur = [u˞]
wor, uor = [wo˞]
M = [m̩]
N = [n̩]
NG = [ŋ̩]

Tones

The tones are indicated by their traditional tone number, entered as the parameter after the final of the syllable. Note that this template uses IPA tone diacritics, which are different from the Pinyin tone diacritics:

Tone number	description	Input	Result	Pinyin
1	high	((IPAc-cmn\|a\|1))	[á]	ā
2	rising	((IPAc-cmn\|a\|2))	[ǎ]	á
3	low	((IPAc-cmn\|a\|3))	[à]	ǎ
4	falling	((IPAc-cmn\|a\|4))	[â]	à
5	neutral	((IPAc-cmn\|a\|5))	[a]	a

Special parameters

The following parameters have special meanings:

- (hyphen) for a space between words
. (period) for a syllable break
' (apostrophe) for a primary stress mark (placed before the stressed syllable)
, (comma) for a secondary stress mark (placed before the stressed syllable)

Other values used as parameters will be displayed unconverted. (The conversion system is coded in Template:c-cmn. The tones are encoded in Template:tone-cmn)

Usage

Initials

Finals

Tones

Special parameters

See also